Journal of Rehman Medical Institute最新文献

{"title":"Tourism & Mental Health: Prospects & Challenges","authors":"Mehwish Ashraf, Shehroz Saleem","doi":"10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.595","url":null,"abstract":"Global tourism is a multi-trillion dollar industry with vast infrastructure and resources generated through travel. In 2022, tourism contributed about 7.7 trillion dollars to the global GDP, amounting to 7.6% of the global GDP. This fact alone indicates that people undertake tourism not just for trips to see other parts of the world, but also for a myriad of other unexplored benefits. It is well known that people will invest in ventures that are psychologically appealing and which improve the quality of their lives. Hence, this editorial explores the mental health benefits of travel and also details some of the challenges faced by tourists.","PeriodicalId":434696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rehman Medical Institute","volume":"330 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunochromatographic Detection of SARS CoV-2 Antigen In Comparison With the Polymerase Chain Reaction for Laboratory Diagnosis of Covid-19 in Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Abbas, Nasima Iqbal, Rahman Ullah, Waheed Ur Rahman, Habib Ullah","doi":"10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.569","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic raised the question of which laboratory test was relevant for a rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease. The current two methods for the detection of SARS CoV-2 are the ICT (Immunochromatographic Technique) and the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) tests; therefore comparative analysis of test performance has to be done.\u0000Objective: To perform a comparative analysis of two different techniques (Immunochromatographic technique for Antigen and Polymerase Chain Reaction for RNA) which are implicated for the detection of SARS CoV-2.\u0000Materials & Methods: The Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were performed for the detection of Covid-19 on individuals having the signs and symptoms of SARS Covid-19. Immunochromatographic technique (ICT) was performed by SD Biosensor kits, while for Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA extraction was performed by Liferiver® auto extraction analyzer, and amplification was performed by SLAN®-48P Real-Time PCR System.\u0000Results: Among of 100 samples tested, 62 (23.56%) were positive on ICT while PCR had 66 (22.44%) and 38 were negative on ICT while PCR had 34. Thus the sensitivity of ICT was 90.77% (95% CI, 80.98% - 96.54%) and specificity was 91.43% (95% CI 76.94%-98.20%). The Positive Predictive Value was 95.16% while the Negative Predictive Value was 84.21%. However the Cohen’s Kappa Index Value was recorded as 0.806.\u0000Conclusion: The clinical performance of SD Biosensor Roche kits was excellent. On the basis of sensitivity and specificity it was concluded that RAT have comparable results with RT PCR.\u0000Keywords: Antigen, COVID-19, diagnosis, immunoassay, PCR, SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":434696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rehman Medical Institute","volume":"241 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of saliva biomarkers as tools for detection of early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Mohammad Dawood, Khudeja Salim, Faisal Khan","doi":"10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.597","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer of the flat squamous cells of the oral cavity is called Oral Squamous Cancer Cell (OSCC). OSCC is responsible for 95% of all oral cancers. In high-risk countries like Pakistan, OSCC has one of the highest mortality rates amongst the general demographic. With most OSCC cases being identified in later stages, the 5-year survival rates have remained as low as 50%. However, with early diagnosis, OSCC patients have been shown to have a better chance of surviving. To that effect, identifying potential biomarkers to act as diagnostic indicators for OSCC can help in early diagnosis of the disease. An emerging field for alternative detection of cancer are non-invasive methods that use saliva as a fluid for liquid biopsies. Saliva comprises proteomes, microbiomes, metabolomes, transcriptomes, and genomes that can be used as potential tools for the early detection of cancer. “Salivaomics” has established itself as a promising area for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. In this review paper, we perform a meta-analysis and a systematic literature review to catalogue biomarkers found in saliva that could potentially be used in the early diagnosis of OSCC.","PeriodicalId":434696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rehman Medical Institute","volume":"198 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress levels and the factors associated with perceived stress among medical students","authors":"Qamar Yasmeen, Nighat Yasmeen, S. Yasmeen","doi":"10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.596","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The life of a medical student is stressful due to a variety of known and modifiable factors that tend to affect their academic output. Identification and amelioration of these stressors would go a long way to improve medical education. \u0000Objective: To assess stress levels and factors associated with perceived stress among medical students. \u0000Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022 on 409 randomly selected preclinical and clinical students of different medical colleges of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection about socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors (personal, environmental, academic) related to stress. The Kessler Psychological Distress Instrument (K10) was used for assessment of perceived stress levels.  Data analysis was done with SPSS version 21 for descriptive statistics. \u0000Results: Most students were of the age group of 18-20 years (46.7%) with 55.3% males and 44.7% females.  Majority of students (59.2%) students were day scholars with 40.8% resident in hostels. According to K10 scale, 7.8% students were normal, 49.6% had mild stress, and 32.1% had moderate stress. Severe stress was present in 10.5% of medical students. Levels of stress were positively associated with Academic, Psychosocial, Environmental, and Health Related stressors. \u0000Conclusion: Medical students of the selected colleges in Faisalabad suffered considerable levels of stress related to a number of modifiable factors that affected their academic performance.","PeriodicalId":434696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rehman Medical Institute","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rates of different crimes and the use of illicit substances before and during imprisonment among prisoners","authors":"Muhammad Shakeel, Umair Khan, Adeela Shakeel","doi":"10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.547","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There is a strong association between the use of substances and criminal behaviour. The use of illicit substances is not only a criminal act, but it also predisposes a person to other crimes. As the use of illicit substances is quite common among criminals, similarly the rate of crimes is also high among substance users.\u0000Objectives: To document the rates of different crimes among prisoners and the rates of the use of different substances among them before and during imprisonment.\u0000Materials & Methods: In this observational study, 327 sample size was achieved through systematic probability sampling technique from central prison Haripur from November to December 2022. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics through SPSS 24; rates and  percentages were calculated for categorical variables, while the mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables.\u0000Results: The prisoners were almost all males (99.1%) with only 0.9% females. The mean age of the prisoners was 38.64 ± 12.57 years. The most common crime was murder (44.5%). The lifetime rate of the use of tobacco before imprisonment was 63.3% while it increased up to 67.3% during imprisonment. Almost 32.75% reported the use of illicit substances before imprisonment while 23.5% were still using illicit substances inside the prison.\u0000Conclusion: Imprisonment does not cessate the habit of substance use by prisoners, it merely alters the pattern and magnitude of the problem, in relation to ease of access of illicit substances.  ","PeriodicalId":434696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rehman Medical Institute","volume":"307 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness and knowledge regarding dental radiology: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Zainab Akbar, Sabeen Saeed Butt, Sana Waris, S. Junaid, Sanya Javaid","doi":"10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v9i4.528","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dental radiographs are an important tool for the diagnostic workup of the patient. Both basic and specialized radiographs are used in dentistry and knowledge regarding its indications and techniques is required both for undergraduate and postgraduate students, general dentists, and consultants. \u0000Objective: Our study aimed to explore the knowledge and awareness of dental radiographs among dentists and dental students. \u0000Materials and method: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar Pakistan from October 2022 to March 2023. The questionnaire was prepared after a literature review, validation by experts, and pilot testing. Reliability was observed to be more than 0.9 and the questionnaire was disseminated through online Google forms using convenience sampling. SPSS Version 22.0 was used for data analysis. \u0000Results:  154 Participants were included in the study. Out of which 58 percent were females and 42 percent were males. Generally,  regarding most of the questions, specialists had the highest knowledge, while postgraduate and general dentists had a neutral ratio, and undergraduates were the least aware. \u0000Conclusion: Despite the utmost significance of dental radiology in the diagnosis and treatment planning of the patient, it is not given its due importance. Generally, the dental fraternity lags in knowledge and awareness about the field, especially at the undergraduate level.","PeriodicalId":434696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rehman Medical Institute","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of post-partum hemorrhage in spontaneous versus induced labor in primigravida at term in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar","authors":"Basirat Bukhari, Laiyla Shinwari, Sarwat Irfan","doi":"10.52442/jrmi.v8i4.504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v8i4.504","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Occurrence of post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious life-threatening complication of delivery and can occur with both normal vaginal delivery as well as induced labor. It is important to define the extent of blood loss after either procedure to adopt the safer method, particularly in complicated deliveries. \u0000Objective: To compare the occurrence of post-partum hemorrhage in spontaneous and induced labor in primigravida at term at a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar. \u0000Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department (Gynae B unit), Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 31/5/2019 to 31/11/2019. Total patients observed were 134. All women were subjected to complete history taking and detailed examination. Brief obstetrical history, period of gestation, mode of onset of labor and frequency of post-partum hemorrhage (more than 500 ml after vaginal delivery) were noted. Women were induced with prostaglandin E2 gel only. The second gel was repeated after 6 hours if first attempt was failed. No more than three gels were used. Women were excluded from the study if they failed to go into labor even after the third gel. After vaginal delivery sanitary pads were used for blood loss estimation. They were weighed beforehand and after being soaked with blood, they were again weighed and the difference was noted as 1gm = 1ml. Descriptive statistics were done by SPSS 21. \u0000Results: The mean age of subjects was 32 ± 3.90 years Forty two percent patients had BMI ≤25 and 58% patients had BMI >25. Seventy two percent of patients were having spontaneous labor and 28% were having induced labor. Twenty percent of patients had post-partum hemorrhage, 7% in spontaneous labor while 44% in induced labor, showing significant difference (p=0.03). \u0000Conclusion: Post-partum hemorrhage occurred significantly more frequently in primigravid women at term undergoing induction of labor as compared to spontaneous labor.","PeriodicalId":434696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rehman Medical Institute","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134389772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satisfaction level of students of National University of Science and Technology (NUST) regarding online teaching during second wave of COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Qamar Yasmeen, Wajahat Sultan, N. Yasmeen","doi":"10.52442/jrmi.v8i2.421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v8i2.421","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Covid-19 disrupted educational systems on a global scale with Pakistan being no exception. Classes had to be shifted to online mode almost overnight with little time for preparation or training. There is no indication of whether the students were satisfied with this switch over from their traditional modes of learning. \u0000Objective: To determine the satisfaction level of students of National University of Science and Technology regarding online teaching during 2nd wave of covid-19 pandemic. \u0000Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the National University of Science & Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from March 2021 to April 2021 on university undergraduate students through an online survey using email and social media. The survey requested demographic and socioeconomic information, as well as information related to online learning and electronic devices; education status during the COVID-19 pandemic; and e-learning knowledge, attitudes, and practices. SPSS 23 was used to analyze calculated data. \u0000Results: A total of 256 students participated in the study. The majority were from the age group 18–20 years (55.5%, n=142). Among them 57% (n= 146) consist of male and 43% (n=110) were female. Majority of participants (27.3%; n=70) were studying in 2nd semester of Software Engineering department. Among electronic device used for online study, laptop was used as major electronic device (34.8%; n=89), followed by mobile phone (25.8%; n=66). Majority of students (57%) were not satisfied with online teaching as compared to conventional classroom teaching and considered not to prefer online teaching; 67.2% students complained about difficulty in understanding topics and questions during online classes. However, online system is not a total failure, as majority of students (71.4%) were satisfied with the fact that teachers were supportive, responsive, and quick enough to solve their queries. \u0000Conclusion: Overall, there was dissatisfaction and negative comments regarding interaction among students, practical learning, focus on study, and technological/infrastructural flaws.","PeriodicalId":434696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rehman Medical Institute","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130589236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of risks and complications of obesity in school going children","authors":"Daud Jabbar Taib, Ayesha Younas, Zain Afaq, Sher Bahadur, I. Afridi, R. Ahmad, Usama Saud","doi":"10.52442/jrmi.v8i2.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v8i2.423","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Childhood obesity is increasing in Pakistan, and it mostly occurs when there is more energy-rich food intake and not enough physical activity. Not realizing the dangers, parents often encourage the children to eat as much as possible and whatever is preferred by the child. \u0000Objective: To assess the level of awareness of school-going children of Peshawar about the risks and complications of childhood obesity. \u0000Materials & Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in two private schools of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, from April - July 2017, where data were collected through consecutive sampling of all available children of classes 7 to 10. Questionnaires contained open and closed-ended questions. Data were entered in SPSS 22 and Microsoft Excel, and analyzed for descriptive statistics. \u0000Results: Majority of children (83%) were aware of the meaning of obesity and 72% knew that obesity is an illness, and it can cause problems in their bodies. Most children (65%) thought obesity caused high cholesterol levels in the body, and 56% children thought that obesity could be controlled by exercise. \u0000Conclusion: Majority of the school children were aware of obesity and its risks and complications.","PeriodicalId":434696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rehman Medical Institute","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126036655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Organ construction: new trends and confronts","authors":"E. Nathaniel, Aimen James","doi":"10.52442/jrmi.v8i2.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v8i2.419","url":null,"abstract":"The end goal of 3D organ printing is to create fully functional organs that can entirely incorporate into the human body as if they were the part of it. It has the capability to mimic artificial tissues and organs and make them compatible with the human body.","PeriodicalId":434696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rehman Medical Institute","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124013587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}