International Research Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"The pattern of Visual and Refractive status of the children","authors":"Syeed Mehbub Ul Kadir, Mahar Ali, Subrata Kum Paul, Sadia Yesmin Saki, Abdullah Hel Azam, S Faisal Ahmed, Saifuddin Ahmmed","doi":"10.36811/irjo.2022.110014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/irjo.2022.110014","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Amblyopia (lazy eye) may develop due to uncorrected refractive error, especially in schoolgoing age. We were attempting to assess the frequency of refractive error among the children.\u0000\u0000Methodology: The prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary eye hospital of Bangladesh from 01 February 2021 to 30 June 2021. The investigators will maintain pre-design data, and data were analyzed by SPSS software.\u0000\u0000Results: 228 children from 6 years to 12 years of age were evaluated in this study. Boys were 142 (62.3%), and girls were 86 (37.7%). The Mean Age was 9.84 years. The Visual acuity was improved after the corrections of refractive errors in both eyes. Myopia (47.9%) was the highest occurrence among the children among the pattern of refractive errors. Myopic astigmatism (76.9%) was common in all types of astigmatism. 21% of children were associated with strabismus. Amblyopia was found in 6.6% of all. Ophthalmic trauma was noted as 16.7% of all children. Developmental cataracts, Healed keratitis, lacrimal drainage system disorders, congenital ptosis were the associated ophthalmic diseases.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Refractive error gradually increased with age. Simple myopia was the most common refractive error than hyperopia and astigmatism. Each child should evaluate the ocular condition and visual status for the early detection and management of refractive error and amblyopia.","PeriodicalId":433985,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117303360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of Liquid Biopsy for Intraocular Malignancies","authors":"S. Kadir","doi":"10.36811/irjo.2022.110013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/irjo.2022.110013","url":null,"abstract":"Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children, whereas Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults [1,2]. Tissue biopsy is the standard gold technique for diagnosing the malignant neoplasm but an incisional tissue biopsy or fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is contraindicated for the intraocular malignancy [3]. Clinical diagnosis and imaging study are the only way to diagnose the intraocular malignancy due to the risk and fear of extraocular spread [4]. Recently, liquid biopsy has gained in popularity in the ophthalmic field. Liquid biopsy allows retinoblastoma diagnosis and a better understanding of the metastatic spread of uveal melanoma. Recently, the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the make use of liquid biopsy (LB) as an appropriate diagnosis, prognosis, and also for monitoring tool in non-small cell lung carcinoma to keep away from invasive tissue biopsy in designated cases [5-7]. Liquid biopsy (LB) utilizes biofluid to evaluate for tumor-derived cells or cell-free DNA. LB is a relatively non-invasive technique rather than a tissue biopsy. In LB, material collected from multiple body fluids such as aqueous humor (AH), blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva for molecular diagnosis [8] and detecting of cancer biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTC), tumor derived cell free DNA (ct-DNA), circulating tumor RNA (ct-RNA), microRNA (miRNA), tumorrelated exosomes (TREs), and extracellular vescicles (EVs) [7]. Aqueous humor samples for RB (Ocular LB) and Venous blood samples for UM (systemic LB) are utilizing for analyzing the molecular characteristics [8]. In others ophthalmic malignancies like conjunctival melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma, the role of LB is still not studied because tissue biopsy is routinely done for confirming the diagnosis and also for mutational status [9-11].","PeriodicalId":433985,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130915815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas in a steep cornea: A case report","authors":"Ehab Ghoneim, A. Hassaan","doi":"10.36811/irjo.2021.110012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/irjo.2021.110012","url":null,"abstract":"There is no enough knowledge about the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in steep corneas. This study may be the first one that compares the accuracy of the SRK II formula with Holladay1, Hoffer Q and Haigis formulas in steep corneas. We reported a case of a 60-year-old female, with a cataract in the left eye and with a steep cornea. We used the modern formulas; Holladay1, Hoffer Q and Haigis. The result (+7.0D) was unexpected compared to the manifest refraction and to the IOL power calculated in the right eye using the same formulas which was (+17.0D). We implanted (+12.0D) Sensar 1-piece IOL depending on our clinical experience. The post-operative refraction was (+0.00/-1.75axis106). Postoperative, we used the patient data to find the best formula in this case. We found that the SRK II (A118) result was (+11.5D) and thus this formula was the most accurate in this case.\u0000Keywords: SRK II; Holladay1; Hoffer Q; Haigis","PeriodicalId":433985,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122463845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19, Keep in mind these words: Exposure Dose","authors":"","doi":"10.36811/irjo.2021.110008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/irjo.2021.110008","url":null,"abstract":"We are currently experiencing the third wave of the COVID-19 spread in Iran. After a relative successful control of the first and second waves, the situation is going to be complicated again. We are facing two strong threats at the same time; COVID19 and struggling economics. And this is not only limited to Iran, but seems to be a major issue for many governments, too. Recently, new FDA approved vaccines turned on the glimmer of the hope, but it should be noted that worldwide vaccination will not happen just in few months and many areas may suffer COVID19 morbidity and mortality for long time. Additionally, do not forget the “mutations” that may simply make a resistant version of COVID19 to vaccination similar to flu viruses. The main idea for writing this short note is how we can live with COVID19 while not stop our daily activities, just modify or reshape them. Our experience showed that staying at home and social distancing are significant and already-solving solutions for COVID19. However, with reduction of limitations and reopening of shops, malls, offices, and public transportation, we are facing another peak of the disease. Reopening is a critical decision for any government to reactivate the economic cycles and decrease the burden of unemployment and economic downturn, however, this a one side of the coin and the other side may be deterioration of the economy by recurrent outbreaks of the disease and high wasting of human and medical resources. The major issue is “crowds”. We are not knowing how exactly the virus behaves and spreads, but we see that anywhere you can find a “crowded” place, soon there will be a victim there. COVID19 does not respect gender, ethnicity, position, or age. Unfortunately, in the third peak that we are already facing, the morbidity and mortality of youth, especially healthy ones, are highly increased. It does not seem to be as a result of change in virus epidemiological behavior, but rather due to the concept of “exposure dose” to the virus. The morbidity and mortality are not a simple function of victims age, immunity, associated risk factors such as DM, IHD, etc. Rather it seems to be a function of exposure dose that is different for each person and dependent to the probable risk factors. If you are young but spending much more time in a crowded clinic, you may be at a higher risk relative to an older clinician visiting just a few patients per day. If you are healthy without any risk factor, there is no guarantee not to being infected by COVID19 and even being its victim! Although facial mask, hand hygiene, and social distancing in the clinics are highly significant in prevention, they are not working 100%. Many of the asymptomatic COVID19 infected people are living among us and we are not even aware of them. And also, we have to continue serving medical care to our patients. Please review the “exposure dose” daily with yourself, to increase the safety of yourself and your patients. I strongly suggest to never","PeriodicalId":433985,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125365530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red Eye in Rural Environment: An Unusual Reason","authors":"Cagri Ilhan, M. Çıtırık","doi":"10.36811/IRJO.2019.110003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/IRJO.2019.110003","url":null,"abstract":"Eye is a rare target organ of parasitic infestation due to winged fly larvae. The eye can be affected in three different form in ophthalmomyiasis: Orbital, internal, and external. External ophthalmomyiasis commonly seen in the rural environment and close contact with animals especially in spring and summer months. External ophthalmomyiasis can be diagnosed by biomicroscopy with presence of moving larvae and the diagnosis can be confirmed by light microscopy. The basis of treatment is the mechanical removal of the larvae. Topical antibiotic, steroid, and antihistaminic treatment protects from secondary infections and complications. External ophthalmomyiasis is a rare cause of red eye that should be taken into consideration especially in the presence of risk factors that may be associated with the history.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Myiasis; Ophthalmomyiasis; Red eye","PeriodicalId":433985,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115852272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monoamines, pterines, or tetrahydrofolate are not useful as biomarkers for diagnosing mitochondrial disorders","authors":"J. Finsterer, S. Zarrouk-Mahjoub","doi":"10.36811/IRJO.2019.110002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/IRJO.2019.110002","url":null,"abstract":"Keywords: Mitochondrial; mtDNA; Phenotype; Genotype; Myopathy; Muscle biopsy\u0000\u0000Letter to the Editor\u0000\u0000In a recent article Batllori et al. reported about a retrospective study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of monoamines (homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA)), pterines (neopterin, biopterin), and 5-methyl-tetra-hydrofolate (5MTHF) in 29 patients with a genetically confirmed mitochondrial disorder (MID) [1]. The study showed that high HVA is associated with low folate levels in KSS but was otherwise in-conclusive [1]. We have the following comments and concerns.","PeriodicalId":433985,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"79 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126054751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 and Its Relationship with Macular Pigment Optical Density","authors":"Christopher M. Putnam","doi":"10.36811/irjo.2019.110001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/irjo.2019.110001","url":null,"abstract":"Idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 (IMT2) is a relatively uncommon clinical condition with an estimated prevalence of 1% within the general population. This condition can be challenging to precisely identify in early stages but advancements in clinical imaging to include fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can allow for timely diagnosis and prompt intervention that may leads to improved long-term clinical outcomes. Emerging literature has recognized the role of macular pigment (MP) in IMT2 in terms of Henle fiber layer deposition mechanisms and potential mitigation of inflammatory and oxidative stress. Primary care optometrists are in a unique position to facilitate early detection and manage through close evaluation and individualized lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2; Macular pigment; Spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography","PeriodicalId":433985,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125383704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophysiological study after ranibizumab in choroidal neovascularizat","authors":"Mona Abdelkader, Ayman Fawzy, Wael El-doskey","doi":"10.36811/irjo.2021.110009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/irjo.2021.110009","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the effects of intra-vitreal injection of ranibizumab on pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and multifocal electroretinogram(MF-ERG) parameters in choroidal neovascularization and to test the retinal toxicity of ranibizumab.\u0000\u0000Method: Fifty eyes of 50 patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization were included in the study. Thirty (30) eyes had neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD) and 20 eyes had myopic choroidal neovascularization. Ranibizumab was injected intravitreal monthly for3 months. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT) was performed at the initial and final visits. Visual acuity, Pattern and multifocal electroretinography (PERG, MFERG) were performed before and at 1,2,3,6 months after intravitreal injection.\u0000\u0000Results: There was no clinical significant reduction of parameters of either MFERG or PERG after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. There was significant increase in visual acuity, decrease in central macular thickness ,decrease in total macular volume and improvement in the parameters of both PERG and MFERG after intravitreal injection.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab is effective in treatment CNV and safe. It has no retinal toxicity since no reduction in PERG& MFERG parameters.\u0000\u0000Keywords: AMD; Ranibizumab; PERG; MFERG","PeriodicalId":433985,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124410316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}