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Beware the ‘gifted’ Trojan horse: analysing the equitable maxim—‘Equity will not perfect an imperfect gift’ 提防“有天赋的”特洛伊木马:分析公平格言——“公平不会完善不完美的礼物”
IF 0.3
Trusts & Trustees Pub Date : 2021-07-15 DOI: 10.1093/TANDT/TTAB053
Edwin Teong Ying Keat
{"title":"Beware the ‘gifted’ Trojan horse: analysing the equitable maxim—‘Equity will not perfect an imperfect gift’","authors":"Edwin Teong Ying Keat","doi":"10.1093/TANDT/TTAB053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/TANDT/TTAB053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyses and argues for the continued relevance of the maxim—Equity will not perfect an imperfect gift for three reasons. First, it is principally sound. Centuries of historical development should not be discarded due to its arbitrary application. Second, the deviations from the maxim were justified. The cases which were decided wrongly have subsequently been accounted for. Third, common law jurisdictions including Singapore, Malaysia and the United Kingdom still apply Milroy v Lord, as proven by empirical analysis. Last, this article proposes a new three-step test to prevent further arbitrary application: (i) As a starting point, Equity will not perfect an imperfect gift. (ii) However, it may do so where the settlor has objectively done all he could to transfer legal title. (iii) If step (ii) conflicts with step (i), Equity looks to the substance, not the form, considering the facts of each case.","PeriodicalId":43396,"journal":{"name":"Trusts & Trustees","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48586920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Defensible endowments: comparing different approaches in English and ancient Roman law 可辩护的禀赋:比较英国和古罗马法的不同方法
IF 0.3
Trusts & Trustees Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.1093/TANDT/TTAB028
S. Pratt
{"title":"Defensible endowments: comparing different approaches in English and ancient Roman law","authors":"S. Pratt","doi":"10.1093/TANDT/TTAB028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/TANDT/TTAB028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Whilst the parallels between ancient Roman fideicommissa and English trusts are well-documented, the author argues that insufficient attention has been given to their fundamental differences. This is particularly evident in the different methodologies employed by each system to protect endowments from potential attack by impatient beneficiaries. Accordingly, this article explores how English jurisprudence relied upon conditional terms—possibly informed by ancient Greek and Neoplatonic scholarship—to achieve defensibility and security for English trusts in ways that differ significantly from the Roman scheme. By doing so, this article raises important new questions about how English law has placed boundaries upon valid conditionality.","PeriodicalId":43396,"journal":{"name":"Trusts & Trustees","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46179174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discretionary objects and the beneficiary principle 自由裁量标的与受益人原则
IF 0.3
Trusts & Trustees Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.1093/TANDT/TTAB018
Charles Holbech
{"title":"Discretionary objects and the beneficiary principle","authors":"Charles Holbech","doi":"10.1093/TANDT/TTAB018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/TANDT/TTAB018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43396,"journal":{"name":"Trusts & Trustees","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44856945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trusts of the family home: it’s not just the judges who are confused 对家庭的信任:困惑的不仅仅是法官
IF 0.3
Trusts & Trustees Pub Date : 2021-07-12 DOI: 10.1093/TANDT/TTAB052
S. Atkins
{"title":"Trusts of the family home: it’s not just the judges who are confused","authors":"S. Atkins","doi":"10.1093/TANDT/TTAB052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/TANDT/TTAB052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The decision of the Court of Appeal in the recent case of O’Neill v Holland was, on the one hand, a useful reminder that detrimental reliance is always part of the necessary ingredients to establish a constructive trust of the family home.\u0000 “detrimental reliance is always part of the necessary ingredients to establish a constructive trust of the family home”.\u0000 The Court of Appeal agreed that the District Judge, at trial, had misdirected herself on the issue of detrimental reliance and had not appeared to realise that it was a key attribute required to underpin a constructive trust. On the other hand, the approach taken by the Court of Appeal in its decision could itself be clearer and it is suggested that, when the surface of the decision is scratched away, the decision does little to clarify the principles in this area. Rather oddly, it might be an instance of where going back to first principles is not necessarily the best approach to take.","PeriodicalId":43396,"journal":{"name":"Trusts & Trustees","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44295517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trusts and their comparative understanding 信托及其比较理解
IF 0.3
Trusts & Trustees Pub Date : 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.1093/TANDT/TTAB012
Maurizio Lupoi
{"title":"Trusts and their comparative understanding","authors":"Maurizio Lupoi","doi":"10.1093/TANDT/TTAB012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/TANDT/TTAB012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43396,"journal":{"name":"Trusts & Trustees","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46794547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When things go wrong 当事情出错时
IF 0.3
Trusts & Trustees Pub Date : 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.1093/tandt/ttab043
Jonathan Rimmer
{"title":"When things go wrong","authors":"Jonathan Rimmer","doi":"10.1093/tandt/ttab043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttab043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Legal arrangements carry their own risks. The courts and legislatures have had centuries to get trust law right, but when foundations were introduced in the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man around ten to twelve years ago, there was a chance to short-cut much of that incremental development, and to use much of the trust and company law experience.\u0000 It was planned that foundations, in common law jurisdictions, would not be seen merely as trusts by another name. They were designed closely to resemble the civil law paradigm, in particular having legal personality, and the legislation made clear that they had different characteristics from trusts.\u0000 This article looks at the effective oversight of foundations in the Isle of Man, drawing on experiences in Jersey.","PeriodicalId":43396,"journal":{"name":"Trusts & Trustees","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44231701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The limits of discretionary trusts: have powers of addition and removal been taken a step too far? 自由裁量信托的限制：增加和删除权力是否走得太远了？
IF 0.3
Trusts & Trustees Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1093/TANDT/TTAB039
David Russell, T. Graham
{"title":"The limits of discretionary trusts: have powers of addition and removal been taken a step too far?","authors":"David Russell, T. Graham","doi":"10.1093/TANDT/TTAB039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/TANDT/TTAB039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43396,"journal":{"name":"Trusts & Trustees","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45554840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Jurisdiction-Specific Section: Belgium 管辖权特定部分：比利时
IF 0.3
Trusts & Trustees Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1093/tandt/ttab041
M. Ex, A. Verbeke, Bart Verdickt
{"title":"Jurisdiction-Specific Section: Belgium","authors":"M. Ex, A. Verbeke, Bart Verdickt","doi":"10.1093/tandt/ttab041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttab041","url":null,"abstract":"The Belgian Private Foundation is celebrating its 19th anniversary this year. The broad contractual freedom, combined with the favourable tax regime, makes this legal entity an interesting vehicle in terms of estate planning and for private charitable purposes. There have been some important changes to its legal framework given the new Company and Associations Code (CAC). In this article we provide an overview of the main characteristics of the Belgian private foundation.","PeriodicalId":43396,"journal":{"name":"Trusts & Trustees","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44300155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uncovering Russian trust management agreements: not an alternative to Russian private foundations 揭露俄罗斯信托管理协议:不是俄罗斯私人基金会的替代品
IF 0.3
Trusts & Trustees Pub Date : 2021-06-24 DOI: 10.1093/tandt/ttab040
Sergei Alimirzoev, Ilya Aleshchev
{"title":"Uncovering Russian trust management agreements: not an alternative to Russian private foundations","authors":"Sergei Alimirzoev, Ilya Aleshchev","doi":"10.1093/tandt/ttab040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttab040","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A Russian trust management arrangement is a contract for managing third party assets and cannot be mirrored with common law trusts since Russian law is not familiar with the concept of beneficial ownership. Russian trust management agreements are mainly used for managing portfolios of securities by regulated Russian asset managers, for managing Russian real estate and for the short-term management of assets falling into the estate of a deceased person during the probation period. Not suitable for exclusive succession planning purposes, trust management thus cannot be an alternative to Russian hereditary foundations which were specifically launched in Russian law in 2018 as post-mortem local foundations, and whose use remains to be seen in practice.","PeriodicalId":43396,"journal":{"name":"Trusts & Trustees","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48074746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Accountability for authority 权力问责制
IF 0.3
Trusts & Trustees Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1093/tandt/ttab010
Robert Flannigan
{"title":"Accountability for authority","authors":"Robert Flannigan","doi":"10.1093/tandt/ttab010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttab010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Trustees and beneficiaries need to understand how fiduciary accountability regulates trustee authority. I intend to advance that understanding by explaining in abstract terms the nature of surrogate authority and fiduciary accountability. I will explain that opportunism is a concern wherever authority is transferred to a surrogate, and that fiduciary accountability is the generic response of the law across contexts.","PeriodicalId":43396,"journal":{"name":"Trusts & Trustees","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49331561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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