Science Management: Theory and Practice最新文献

{"title":"The Russian Science during the Period of Sanctions in Relation to the Problem of Modernization of the Russian Economy","authors":"G. Khanin","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article consists of two parts. The first part called Retrospective analyzes the reasons for declining Russian science and higher education and considers them as the factors for the modernization of the Russian economy and society. It is shown that the roots lie in the reorganization of science and higher education carried out by the Soviet leadership at the end of the 20s of the 20th century.This degradation was caused by separated science and higher education, the extensive development of science and higher education, the deprivation of their autonomy and freedom of scientific research, especially in the humanities, the persecution of dissidents, and the restriction on international contacts between scientists. In the late Soviet period, these problems of the Soviet science and higher education were exacerbated by declining prestige and low demand for science and higher education. In the post-Soviet period, despite new opportunities for self-expression, independence, and international contacts, the scientific and higher education performance kept on declining, due to a huge reduction in funding, small demand, and low-qualified professional staff. The second part called Prospects considers the ways to revive science and higher education under economic and scientific sanctions. It is offered to redirect the larger part of thegross domestic product into highly increased investments into physical and human capital. The author explains the necessity to reorganize the system of science and higher education by reducing the number of institutions of science and higher education; by downsizing the number of their staff; by providing possibilities for self-administration; and by changing the policy of state, public, and commercial institutions.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131550701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Publications by Document Types in Web of Science and Scopus: Similarities, Differences and their Value in the Analysis of Publication Activity","authors":"Yuliya Mokhnacheva","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents comparative data concerning the types of the same publications in two of the world’s leading scientific information systems – Web of Science and Scopus – and publishers. The paper shows significant differences in the typification of documents in a sample of 4338 most actively cited works with Russian authorship of various types for the period 2010-2020. The article shows that the type of publication is not an obvious criterion: the same work can be assigned a different type depending on the source of information. The revealed discrepancies of information from various sources give grounds for a certain skepticism in the correctness of the formulation of tasks in the analysis of publication activity concerningthe accounting of publications of only certain types. The results of the study suggest that if it is necessary to take into account only certain types of publications, information about the types of documents should be verified with the original information from publishers.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114213371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Scientific Community between Confusion and Reactionarity","authors":"Viacheslav A. Shuper","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"Attempts to avoid discussing the catastrophic situation in science and higher education can have the most severe consequences for the country in wartime. The most important goal of the special operation in Ukraine is the nationalization of the elites. It was obviously not possible to nationalize the scientific community. The off–scale percentage of disapproval of thisoperation among scientists (85%) is quite an adequate assessment of the policy in the field of science and higher education. The legacy of Vladimir Vernadsky is now of particular importance. Being a hereditary opponent of the tsarist autocracy, and in Soviet times – a brave critic of the government and the dominance of official ideology, the great scientist clearly divided thegovernment and the country, which allowed him to always stand on patriotic positions, putting fundamental national interests, unchanged under any government at the forefront. If the planned economy in its Soviet outgrowth grew on domestic soil, then all the worst that destroys science, grossly deforming the value orientation of scientists and destroying the institution of reputations, came from the West. In the field of science, the West still retains its dominance to the greatest extent, having significantly lost its position in other areas – economy, politics, ideology, military power. The pro-Western orientation of most of our scientific community is due precisely to this dominance, and not to devotion to the great ideals of science, whichwere betrayed in the West much earlier than at us. These ideals require the maximum degree of separation between the science and the politics, but in practice there is a tendency to mix them. The revolutionary transformations in the country not only open up a huge front of work for science, but will allow it to dramatically increase its social status. However, this requires scientists to return resolutely from internal emigration. It is necessary to move not to the side of power, but to constructive opposition. The latter presupposes close cooperation with the authorities in some issues with its harsh criticism in others","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121763871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to Ensuring Russia’s Technological Self-Sufficiency","authors":"I. Dezhina, A. Ponomarev","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring technological self-sufficiency has become a systemic task of the State. Weunderstand technological self-sufficiency as the ability of the state to ensure scientific, technologicaland industrial development for creating and maintaining on its territory its own technologiesand infrastructure sufficient to guarantee independence from foreign technologiesin critical, vital areas.In this article, we propose conceptual approaches for formation of technological self-sufficiencyin Russia and assess potential and conditions of its development. The theoretical basis ofour concept is linked to the idea of technological leapfrogging. The notion of a technologicalleap implies that the catching-up country is able to follow the leaders at an accelerated pace,and even to find its own trajectory of technological development.The conceptual framework for technological self-sufficiency based on technological leapfroggingincludes the choice of thematic priorities and the organization of cooperative projects,preferably based on competition, to minimize the risks of technological failures. Since thepolicy of technological leapfrogging is expensive, budget funding plays an important role inthe first 5-7 years. It can be provided through both special programs and institutes for development.The assessment of the current situation in Russia shows that the technological leapfroggingis possible based on consortiums with the participation of medium-sized fast-growing companies,and in the field of production tools – based on individual groups able to develop andproduce domestic scientific equipment. However, the reorientation of scientific potential will take some time, especially when there isa high risk of an outflow of the most qualified personnel from the country. It is also importantto implement measures aimed at strengthening cooperative linkages, which are still underdeveloped.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116974422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science, Culture, World","authors":"A. Fonotov","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"As knowledge about nature and society deepened, the composition of the sources of socio-economic development expanded to include entrepreneurship, science, innovation, environmental restrictions, education, etc. The growth in the number of significant development factors and the need to take into account their impact on socio-economic concept,within which it will be possible to develop a common framework for assessing the role of traditional and new sources of growth. Already today, politicians, economists and managers, when developing state strategies, plans and programs, are faced with the need to take into account such characteristics of society as trust, inclusiveness, a sense of justice, the cultural level of the population, etc. The importance of these factors is increasing in the face of growing processes of change, the increasing role of innovation and weakening the stability and stability of the world political and economic systems under the influence of globalization processes. In modern conditions, the development and implementation of socio-economic policy requires an assessment of the ability of states to perceive and assimilate innovations, avoiding disorganization and slipping into systemic crises. The question arises, in relation to which object should such an ability be assessed? The article substantiates the choice of a cultural system as such an object. The dynamics of culture and the generalized drivers of its changes are considered, as which coding, language and communications are substantiated. It is shown that over time, science has become the main communication of culture. The globalization of scientific activity leads to the convergence of cultural systems. This process is getting new acceleration as a result of digitalization.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128450593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Academic Journals in New Geopolitical Conditions: Difficulties and Prospects of Development","authors":"Boris Gaydin","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a point of view on possible ways to further develop and support Russian academic periodicals under conditions of sanctions pressure and a significant reduction in opportunities for cooperation with Western companies, including those owning Web of Science and Scopus. The author discusses a number of negative consequences of the orientation of Russian science and scholarship mainly to these scientometric databases. It is emphasized that it is necessary to continue working in order to improve the quality level of academic publications and to develop national indexes, while not cutting ties where possible, and establishing new collaborations in this field.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115877480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amateur Radio Activity in the USSR before World War II","authors":"Vasily Borisov","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the emergence and development of amateur activities in radio communications and television reception in the USSR. Amateur radio activity in the USSR received legal recognition in 1924. By the end of 1928, more than 450 amateur radio stations were on the air in the country. From the beginning of the 1930s domestic radio amateurs have also mastered the reception of television broadcasts on home-made televisions. By the end of the 1930s. there were a large number of home-made television receivers tuned to the transmission of optical-mechanical television in the country. In this regard, short-line mechanical television broadcasting in the USSR existed until the early 1940s.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126431003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Reasons for the Russian Authors Transition to Foreign Journals","authors":"Vadim N. Gureyev, N. Mazov, D. Metelkin","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming to increase Russian journals’ authority and enhance their readership, and consequently, journals’ rankings, detection of reasons for Russian authors’ transition to foreign journals is important. Recent studies demonstrated that up to one-third of Russian authors orients toward top-tiered foreign serials and do not intend to change their publication preferences. One of the obvious formal reasons is in quantitative indexes used in calculations in research organizations while evaluating the research capacity of their staff. However, external circumstances, as well as the risk of part or full restriction for Russian authors in some toptieredinternational journals lead to obstacles to the fulfillment of previous obligations. Under such conditions increase in the reputation of Russian serials, their compliance with international publishing standards, increase in their bibliometric indexes are of high importance. The paper aims to reveal the main issues caused to force Russian authors to select foreign journals and stop collaborating with domestic serials. Analyses of those reasons are believed to help detect the main vector for the successful development of Russian academic journals.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125950361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobilization Management in Science","authors":"J. Plusnin","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the principles of governance in a emergency position (war). A two-level hierarchy of governance positions has been proposed: (1) the principle of “distributed part” (“the principle of consulate” as opposed to the “principle of protection”) has been proposed as a basis; (2) the mobilization managerial strategy is built on a three-level set. The first group is purposeful, focused on the fulfillment of the task set by the management:(1) intuitions and (2) improvisations. The second group is the justification for the existenceof the manager’s property rights: (3) significant participation and (4) the availability of free time. The third is the principles of organizing the activities of subordinates: (5) initiative and (6) independence. The principles of distributed responsibility and effective mobilization management are considered from the point of view of training management personnel in science. A model for the selection and training of managerial personnel is proposed. The features of a probable model of mobilization management in science are noted.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127094965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The life and fate of Bruno Pontecorvo. Reflection on the books of Boris Bulyubash and Mikhail Sapozhnikov","authors":"Aleksander Skazochkin","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.3.18","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a description of the content and possible significance for the history of science of the books by Boris Bulyubash and Mikhail Sapozhnikov about the outstanding Italian and Soviet physicist Bruno Pontecorvo. The “spy version” and “political version” of the transition of the scientist to the USSR are presented in detail, as well as the possible reasons for the transition associated with the socio-political situation of the 50s of the 20th century are described. The necessity to take into account the internal vector of beliefs, views and worldview of a scientist when explaining his actions is emphasized. Facts are given demonstrating that the “ideal” dominated in the worldview of Bruno Pontecorvo, which makes it possible toexplain many events in his life. It is noted that both books summarize a significant amount of information about Bruno, as well as the high quality of the description of many physical experiments in which Pontecorvo took part, the accessibility for understanding the essence when presenting complex issues of elementary particle physics and high energy physics.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134129754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}