Science Management: Theory and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Four Components of the Mobilization of the Russian Sciences","authors":"A. Yurevich","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The transition of Russian science to the mobilization scenario of development is considered. The survey data are presented, demonstrating that this transition causes a positive attitude among the majority of the Russian scientific community. The author explains this rather paradoxical fact with two reasons. Firstly, by the fact that scientists are tired of the Russian science being in a state of Russian “nirvana”, when work in the “not shaky, not shaky” mode, at a sufficiently low level of its capabilities, has been raised to normal. Secondly, they understand that in the current conditions, Russia is mainly rescued by the presence of nuclear weapons created during the mobilization of domestic science. The mobilization scenario of the development of Russian science is considered as including four main components: 1) stricter control (by the state) of the issues being developed, 2) optimization of the staff of science, 3) change in the (meritocratic) form of its organization, 4) intensification of scientific work. The question is raised about which part of the national science it is advisable to mobilize. The author believes that the mobilization of our entire scientific organism would be an excess, but some of its elements – the liberation from “dead souls”, the intensification of scientific work, etc., should be carried out in relation to our entire science. The risks facing Russian science in the conditions of its mobilization are also considered: de-internationalization, reduction of international investments, etc.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127347265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«Visibility» of Domestic Publications in the Scientific Field «Physics and Astronomy» in the Period 1980–2020","authors":"Alexey Glushanjvskiy","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Various scientific publication’s arrays visibility (visibility) determines greater or lesser chances for attracting this field scientist’s and specialist’s attention and interest, their response, for the likelihood increasing publications author’s inviting for exchange views and for future joint research. Visibility also determines the general world scientific community’s picture (“image”) and the domestic science in this area development level, which, to a certain extent, forms its scientific world prestige.\u0000The article discusses the domestic publications in the field of science “Physics and Astronomy” (according to SCOPUS data for 1980–2020) array’s visibility dynamics development from this area specialist’s point of view. This arrays dynamic’s parameters are analyzed in terms of number of journals filling, the ratio of domestic and foreign journals, the number of publications on these components, their conditional “quality”, determined by these journals scientometric’s characteristics (divided into quartiles). It is shown that the array of publications increased during this period from 878 to 17913 (20,4 times), but the number of the array journals increased only 7.2 times (from 102 to 730), due to a significant average publications number by one journal title per year increase from 8,7 to 24.6 (i.e. 2,8 times).It is determined that the array underwent significant changes in the period of the 80–90s of the last century and came to relative number of parameters 2000-s stabilization – the annual publications per journal title number, the percentage of foreign and domestic sources used (journals), as well as the distribution of publications balance between these groups of journals. This balance is near to a 50/50 ratio with a significantly larger share of array’s foreign journals than domestic ones.The existence of a certain “core” of journals was revealed, which, which includes less than 40% in terms of the number of journals, and includes from ~ 80% to 90% of all annual publications, that points journals should be attracted, first of all, to the attention of library and information specialists, ensuring the convenience of work users.The conditional “quality” of the “core” journals array was assessed (according to the level of quartiles to which these journals are assigned, according to the SCOPUS database data for the corresponding years). This quality is defined as quite high – more than 60% of journals of 1–2 quartiles.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125571276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Revival of Domestic Television after the End of the Second World War","authors":"Vasily Borisov","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the revival and development of the domestic television system in the USSR after the end of the Second World War. In 1945–1947 television centers – first in Moscow and then in Leningrad – resumed regular television programs for the population. In 1949, the Moscow Television Center mastered television broadcasting with the highest image clarity in Europe and America. By the beginning of the 1950s, a lot of work was done to create a television receiver accessible to the majority of the population of the USSR.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"61 15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132806793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meal 'n' Knowledge. Review of the book «Science In The Media: Popular Images and Public Perceptions»","authors":"Dmitry P. Sokolov","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the book \"Science In The Media: Popular Images and Public Perceptions\" by Paul Brewer and Barbara Lay of the University of Delaware. The book touches upon the issue of media representation of science and scientists and provides an analytical overview of the different media (from children's TV shows to social media posts) that shape the perception of science among a wide audience. The book is based on American material, but the trends noted by the authors, as well as the conclusions drawn, are important not only for the USA, which gives their work additional value. The authors collected, classified and sociologically processed a huge array of materials, and were able to outline the most effective ways to promote scientific knowledge in society, while helping to understand the inevitable limitations of various media channels of communication between the scientific community and the public. In addition, the authors, tracking the logic and priorities of various media (serials, TV shows, news programs, and so on), along the way explain the paradox of passion for pseudoscience against the backdrop of an abundance of scientific information. Instead of complaining about the superficiality of journalists and TV shows, the authors suggest that scientists, firstly, carefully choose programs for cooperation, secondly, take into account the specifics of a particular media format when working with it, and, thirdly, use the digital environment more actively to advance scientific points of view.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131149967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobilization Approach to Science Management: between Ideology and Technology","authors":"E. Semenov","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"The forced use of mobilization technologies in the modernization of Russian society, including primarily the technological modernization of the economy, has become inevitable in current conditions. The scale of application of mobilization models and activities, their combination with the market environment are the subject of analysis. Scientific production, as part of the economy and part of society, cannot remain aloof from these changes. And it is very important that simplified schemes of organization and governance are not transferred to science, but that it adapts to new conditions, which is acceptable for science, i.e. academic freedoms were preserved as much as possible and self-organization developed. Mobilization in science without harm to science and for the benefit of society is possible in the form of the development of project-based form of financing and organization of fundamental research, as well as in the form of programs and projects of a full-cycle research and development.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123680229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It Won't Be So Expensive”: Approaches to the Organization of Scientific Work in the 1930s.","authors":"E. Dolgova","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the change in approaches to stimulating and organizing scientific work during the years of Soviet industrialization. On the example the Central Commission for Improving the Life of Scientists and the Commission for Assistance to Scientists (since 1931) the author characterizes the transition from socio-economic support to stimulate collectivism and high rates of scientific output, especially actualized under Taylor's influence and during the years of the Stakhanov movement. The author concludes these changes affected the industrial culture of that time because of the ideas of the individual scientific work changed of the division of labor and providing production capacities of scientific collectives. Special attention is paid to the projects of organizing collective research – “auxiliary workshops” at scientific organizations. The research is based on the documents of the unpublished analytical report “On accelerating the pace of scientific work” and the materials of its discussion at the meeting of the Commission for Assistance to Scientists, identified in the State Archive of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124599145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goodbye to Dependent Policy of Scientific and Technological Development. Review of the monography “On the Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development of Russia”","authors":"E. Semenov, Aleksander Skazochkin","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a detailed review of the collective monograph \"On the Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development of Russia\", including reports by the leaders of the team of authors and speeches by participants in the discussion of the book. Part of the monograph is devoted to the analysis of global trends in scientific, technological and innovative development, private financing of research and development, digitalization of the economy and public life. The monograph analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the Russian scientific and technological complex and assesses its place in the world. The review emphasizes that the authors of the monograph critically assess the state of the Russian scientific and technological complex, consider it working for external systems and justify the need to abandon the existing scientific and technological policy in favor of a nationally oriented one. The monograph proposes measures to change all components of the management system in the scientific and technological sphere, which requires the development of a Strategy for the technological modernization of the Russian economy based on new principles, taking into account various factors, the reconstruction of a management body similar to the State Committee for Science and Technology, and the reformatting of the now \"open\" innovation system. The authors of the monograph propose a solution to the problem of scientific and technological forecasting, using domestic and international foresight experience. The approaches and solutions proposed in the monograph were fundamentally supported by the participants in the discussion of the monograph, since they express the deepest sentiments of the predominant part of the Russian scientific community and, undoubtedly, deserve the most careful further critical discussion and constructive study.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126785800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Role of Open Bibliographic Data in the Context of Restricted Access to Proprietary Information Systems","authors":"V. Gureev, N. Mazov","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a review of function capabilities and coverage of sources in open bibliographic databases that can be useful in the limited access to proprietary information systems. Databases were primarily evaluated with regard to their usefulness for researchers and research libraries who solve the problems of information and patent search, bibliometric assessment of authors, promotion of papers in international information space, searching collaborators or conducting bibliometric studies. We focused on multidisciplinary databases covering wide range of international scientific literature. Based on our own experience and literature review, we concluded on possibility in principle to solve almost all information-retrieval and bibliometric tasks using current open bibliographic databases and their web-tools. Furthermore, large volumes of metadata are now regarded as a basic and non-unique feature of different databases, while analytical characteristics are taking centre stage.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123385909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Options for Mobilizing Scientific and Technological Activities in Modern Russia","authors":"A. Skazochkin","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of three possible options for the mobilization of scientific and technological activities in Russia: micromobilization – when creating two or more competitive groups of researchers dealing with similar topics; when conducting technological competitions, the essence of which is to solve specific problems in the presence of an objective system of comparison; and mobilization of the scientific and technological complex on a national scale, in the transition to the functioning of the country in an unstable mode. A brief description of the evolution of the domestic scientific and technological complex over the past thirty years is presented; the need to establish a coordinating body for the processes taking place in the scientific and technological sphere was emphasized, especially when the economy is oriented towards internal development; it is proposed to strengthen control over information flows generated by the subjects of the scientific and technological sphere. Particular attention is paid to the problems of personnel policy in science, taking into account the specifics of the profession.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126720689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Project and Process Approaches in Science","authors":"I. Ganieva, G. Shepelev","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The comparison of the project and process approach to the management of the scientific sector is carried out. The classification of projects in terms of their scale, financial instruments for supporting scientific research in project and process approaches, the regulatory framework for the implementation of the project approach, the interests of participants in the organization of scientific research in terms of their interest in the project version of science management are considered.\u0000It is shown that the project and process approaches to management are not antagonists and the science management system should combine both of them. At the same time, the lack of infrastructure for the organization of large scientific and technical projects, the experience of organizing such activities among the majority of participants in the management and implementation of scientific research, the interest of the majority of participants in the project approach was noted.\u0000The organization of large complex scientific and technical projects cannot be financed in the same way as the formation of small and medium-sized projects is financed, for the organization of large complex projects a higher level of management organization is required, which is currently absent.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129632641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}