Science Management: Theory and Practice最新文献_第2页

An Interpretation of Digitalization of Science: A Comparative Outline of the Main Analytical Approaches 对科学数字化的解读：主要分析方法比较概要

Science Management: Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.19181/smtp.2024.6.1.8

Dmitry Sokolov

{"title":"An Interpretation of Digitalization of Science: A Comparative Outline of the Main Analytical Approaches","authors":"Dmitry Sokolov","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2024.6.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2024.6.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to summarize the most significant approaches to understanding the digitalization of science. We proceed from the assumption that the development of theoretical models for assessing the “digital turn” will not only help to clarify the changes taking place in science, but will also allow us to better understand them, as well as possibly regulate various aspects of digitalization. We can say that by the 2010s at least four categories (or clusters) of approaches to the conceptualization of digitalization have developed, and each category often operates with its own definitions and a separate conceptual framework. This refers to scientometric, economic, information technology (IT) and sociological approaches to understanding the process of digitalization in science. Even a cursory comparison of their specific characteristics allows us to say that all the paradigms listed above have a number of common features and are based on several fundamental premises regarding the trends in the development of science and education, although an assessment of these trends, as well as an emphasis within each approach can differ significantly. We can single out three most large-scale complexes of phenomena that are in the focus of researchers in the field of digitalization of science: this is the formation of a global academic community thanks to digital services (1), the personalization of higher education (2) and the problem of digital inequality (3). The juxtaposition of these processes, thus, significantly changes several important features of science in general, forcing the academic community to raise questions about the definitions and essence of scientific knowledge once again.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Value of a Scientific Document. Part 2 论科学文献的价值。第二部分

Science Management: Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.19181/smtp.2024.6.1.9

V. Lazarev

{"title":"On the Value of a Scientific Document. Part 2","authors":"V. Lazarev","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2024.6.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2024.6.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"After a critical consideration – through the prism of unspecified concepts of the value and quality of a scientific document – of examples of terminological confusion about the designation of a property of a scientific document represented by its citedness and use (that was given in the first part of the article), further consideration of the issue of the property being represented is provided. The need to continue the in-depth analysis and appropriate polemics as well as to strengthen the argument that the citedness of scientific documents directly represents their use, which, in its turn, represents their value, is caused by the fact that a number of experts either do not associate citation rate with value, or are indifferent to the issue of the property of documents represented by their citedness, or confuse the value of a document with its quality. Moreover, there is an authoritative point of view according to which the use is only one of the factors that cause scientific documents to be cited; while just access to experts' documents is considered, on the contrary, as an undoubted evidence of their use – though in this case it remains unknown whether the full text of the requested document would be at least briefly browsed by the user. The author gives a critical consideration of these issues. An opinion is expressed that a certain misunderstanding of the concept “use of a document” is due to its involuntary confusion with the traditional library concept “use of a library stock”. It is also shown that taking the philosophical notion of value for consideration can add even more confusion to the terminology used to denote a property of a scientific document represented by its citedness par excellence. The author makes an attempt to clarify the concepts and content of the terms “value of a scientific document” and “use of a scientific document”.\u0000","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":" September","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Problem of a Scientific Approach to Creating an Educational Project Development Ecosystem in a Senior School 在高中创建教育项目开发生态系统的科学方法问题

Science Management: Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.5

Yury Gromyko, Elena Tebenkova, Irina Zaytseva

{"title":"The Problem of a Scientific Approach to Creating an Educational Project Development Ecosystem in a Senior School","authors":"Yury Gromyko, Elena Tebenkova, Irina Zaytseva","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the authors analyze approaches to creating a developing educational ecosystem within the framework of modern senior school. The most important condition for the development of adolescents and their subjectivity in the research and project activities required by the Federal State Educational Standard is the creation of an educational project development environment. Besides a group of students mastering a uniform curriculum within the walls of a school, a child-adult educational and project community is formed there. This community independently initiates the content and development trajectory of its participants with access to the social and professional contexts. A project office can become an organizational core of an educational project development ecosystem. But in contrast to the managerial understanding of the project office as a project management tool, the authors consider the educational and project office at school as an initiating and consolidating system for developing a creative child-adult educational and project community and the organizational environment of its activities. Community incubation, according to the authors, is associated with a special work in the space of the student’s subjective reality: 1)in the space of the co-existential community of the project through the solution of various types of project tasks (the formation of educational and project subjectivity); 2) in jointly shared activities through initiating the transformation of forms of collaboration (mastering the very form of organizing joint project actions); 3) in the space of a professional choice situation through systematic reflection of the experience gained and designing an individual professional trajectory (sustainable professional choice).","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From the History of the Development of Russian Space Television 摘自《俄罗斯太空电视发展史

Science Management: Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.9

Vasily Borisov

引用次数: 0

A Project to Purify Education of the Superficial and Return to the Roots. Review of the Joint Monograph “Modern Russian Education: Challenges and Answers” 净化教育肤浅、回归教育本源的计划。评论联合专著《现代俄罗斯教育：挑战与答案

Science Management: Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.16

Evgeny Semenov, Aleksander Skazochkin

{"title":"A Project to Purify Education of the Superficial and Return to the Roots. Review of the Joint Monograph “Modern Russian Education: Challenges and Answers”","authors":"Evgeny Semenov, Aleksander Skazochkin","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"The monograph provides an analysis of the condition of the education system in Russia and the process of its renewal. The authors discuss issues of for-profit education, the training of professionals in the higher education system, the development of values, thinking and worldview of a person during the educational process in detail and consider the problems of reforming school education. They highlight the qualitative analysis of the state of the higher education system before and after Russia’s ratification the Bologna Declaration, outline the functional foundations of education in the Soviet period and formulate the results of the reform efforts of recent decades. The authors substantiate the conclusion that there has been no unified reform of Russian education – a well-targeted and working for the interests of the nation state and society – for the last thirty years. And there is still no such reform. There are only a number of reform trends coming from various initiators, and there are vague public proposals for what the future of Russian education should be. The authors predict that it will be developed as an independent structure in the global education services market under conditions of many determining factors.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Outlines of the Science and Technology System: A Look into the Past for Forming Policy for the Development of the Next Generation Ecosystem. Part 1 科学技术体系概要：回顾过去，制定下一代生态系统发展政策。第 1 部分

Science Management: Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.2

Askar Aryngazin

引用次数: 0

Knowledge-based Capabilities of a Linguistic Neural Network 基于知识的语言神经网络能力

Science Management: Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.10

Vladimir Rakin

{"title":"Knowledge-based Capabilities of a Linguistic Neural Network","authors":"Vladimir Rakin","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Today, linguistic neural networks are penetrating all spheres of human activity, including science. This fact is generally considered positively, as it yields a clear economic payoff. According to popular predictions, the current generation of people will already face the emergence of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) developed on the basis of the GPT line of linguistic neural networks. They say that AI will surpass the human intelligence in all respects. However, these expectations seem to be inflated. The main reason lies in the fact that the domain of modern linguistic models of artificial intelligence is the language of human communication, but languages of intuitive thinking, without which the generation of new knowledge obviously does not occur, are not yet amenable to formalization by means of information technology. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the knowledge-based capabilities of the modern neural network ChatGPT-3.5 in the course of discussion of phenomena of different scales: the control means and the foundations of modern science in the West and in Russia and the problem of reversibility and irreversibility of time in physics reflected in the theories of crystal growth. Initially, a linguistic model is aimed at making an assertion that is as anticipated as possible. And this feature leads to the eclecticism of the whole set of responses related to the broad theme of a dialog. The results of communication with the neural network on a narrowly specialized topic have demonstrated its ignorance of a well-known physics problem and, more importantly, its inability to apply it to a theory of crystal growth where this problem is the key one. Preoccupations, unreasonable optimism or fears about AI that characterize the moods of contemporary society have so far had little to do with scientific practice, apart from the harm caused by the ever-increasing information noise in which neural networks are becoming involved.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"32 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data Science in the System of Contemporary Scientific Knowledge. Review of the Book “Data Science Thinking: The Next Scientific, Technological and Economic Revolution” by Longbing Cao 当代科学知识体系中的数据科学。评论《数据科学思维：下一场科学、技术和经济革命》曹龙兵著

Science Management: Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.13

Vadim Gureyev, N. Mazov

引用次数: 0

Freedom of Research Creativity as a Factor in Ensuring Russia’s Technological Sovereignty 科研创作自由是确保俄罗斯技术主权的因素之一

Science Management: Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.1

Valentina Lapaeva

{"title":"Freedom of Research Creativity as a Factor in Ensuring Russia’s Technological Sovereignty","authors":"Valentina Lapaeva","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to analyze the possibilities for the fullest possible implementation of the provision on freedom of research creativity enshrined in Part 1 of Article 44 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Freedom of academic creativity is considered as one of the most important factors in ensuring the technological sovereignty of Russia. It is not given due attention by government authorities. From these standpoints, the author substantiates the thesis that freedom of scholarly creativity presupposes such an interpretation of the right to science, which includes, among other things, the obligation of the state to promote the development of science. Based on the method of legal and dogmatic interpretation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, some directions for developing the right to science and filling it with specific legal content are determined. The idea of adopting a special code of laws on science as well as research and technological activities is substantiated. It would turn all legal regulations of this area into a single internally consistent framework. Special attention is paid to the role of international regulatory regimes of “soft law” as a factor influencing the research and technological policy of Russia and the need to take organizational measures for a more active inclusion of Russian researchers in the formation of global, regional and national agendas on relevant issues.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tenacious Stereotypes and Inflated Expectations. Review of the Book “Admiring the Academic Class: Reflection of the Social History of Soviet Science in Literature, Art and Public Rhetoric” by K. Frumkin 顽固的成见和膨胀的期望。对 K. Frumkin 所著《崇拜学术阶层：文学、艺术和公共修辞中对苏联科学社会史的反映》一书的评论：文学、艺术和公共修辞中对苏联科学社会史的反映》，作者 K. Frumkin

Science Management: Theory and Practice Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.12

Sergey Egerev

{"title":"Tenacious Stereotypes and Inflated Expectations. Review of the Book “Admiring the Academic Class: Reflection of the Social History of Soviet Science in Literature, Art and Public Rhetoric” by K. Frumkin","authors":"Sergey Egerev","doi":"10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2023.5.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"The review notes the significance of the monograph. In his book, the cultural studies scholar Konstantin Frumkin has collected unique materials on the evolution of the theme of science and scientists in Soviet (Russian) culture throughout the 20th century. The author develops two parallel story lines. The first line presents an analysis of the historical development of Russian science in the 20th century. The second line presents a detailed list of templates and stereotypes of the academic environment that have developed in art. It is shown that the most widespread and iconic in Soviet art is the representation of the positive character of scientist as a self-sacrificing enthusiast. Other stereotypes under discussion include scientists’ self-sacrifice and their fighting qualities which allow them to resist impostors in science. The themes of struggle with academic plagiarism and careerism were developed. Under the sign of state impatience and inflated expectations, the obligatory theme of the connection between science and production was elaborated. An important conclusion is drawn about the tenacity of stereotypes which were not hindered by the evolution of Soviet society’s attitude to science.","PeriodicalId":433804,"journal":{"name":"Science Management: Theory and Practice","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0