{"title":"Commentary on Fate and Exposure Models: Application of Soil Risk to a Hypothetical Site","authors":"P. A. Labieniec","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124988971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Surfactant on Configuration of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Lens","authors":"L. R. Chevalier, R. Wallace, D. Wiggert","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334285","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory-scale physical model was constructed for visual observation of the basic 2-D flow characteristics of a gasoline spill through an unconfined aquifer and the subsequent treatment with a surfactant. The model consists of a parallel-plate glass tank (1 m×1 m×5 cm) packed with Ottawa sand. Gasoline was released from a point source in the vadose zone. As the specific gravity of gasoline is less than one (LNAPL), it pooled above the water saturated pores of the tension saturated region of water. Beyond the lens of gasoline, the height of the capillary fringe was reduced due to capillary pollution. The gasoline lens was then treated with an aqueous phase surfactant solution of 2% dodecyl benzene sulfonate (anionic) and 2% polyethoxylate nonyl phenol (nonionic). This surfactant solution reduced the interfacial tension between the gasoline and the aqueous phase by an order of magnitude. The surfactant solution was released from the same point source in the vadose zone as the gasoline. As a result, the ...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115442277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary on Fate and Exposure Models: Description of the Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System (MEPAS®) Version 3.2, with Application to a Hypothetical Soil Contamination Scenario","authors":"J. P. McDonald, G. M. Gelston","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124389544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fate And Exposure Models: Selecting the Appropriate Model for a Specific Application","authors":"K. Clark, G. M. Richardson","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121773851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fate and Exposure Models Selecting the Appropriate Model for your Application: A Commentary on API's DSS","authors":"P. Varshney","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124706071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Washing of Cadmium(II) from a Contaminated Soil Column","authors":"A. Davis, Dilip Matange, M. Shokouhian","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334276","url":null,"abstract":"The washing of cadmium (from CdO(s)) from a soil column employing either an acid solution or EDTA (a strong metal chelator) was examined. For Cd(II) levels of 50 to 1000 mg/kg, the fraction removed was essentially independent of the initial Cd(II) concentration. The most efficient washing of cadmium was achieved using an acid wash solution at pH 2.5. Lower Cd(II) removals were found at lower pH, apparently due to inhibition of CdO(s) dissolution by constituents released from the soil under highly acidic conditions. EDTA wash solutions were employed at EDTA:cadmium molar ratios ranging from 1:1 to 10:1. Up to 90% removal of total Cd(II) was achieved at the 10:1 ratio after the passage of the first 50 PV of wash solution. Although higher chelate levels enhanced Cd(II) removal, the utilization efficiency of EDTA for cadmium decreased.","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115354064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Balsley, P. Brady, J. Krumhansl, H. L. Anderson
{"title":"Anion Scavengers for Low-Level Radioactive Waste Repository Backfills","authors":"S. Balsley, P. Brady, J. Krumhansl, H. L. Anderson","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334195","url":null,"abstract":"Minimization of 129/− and 99 TcO4 − transport to the biosphere is critical to the success of low level radioactive waste (LLRW) storage facilities. Here we experimentally identify and classify potential sorbent materials for inclusion in LLRW backfills. For low pH conditions (pH 4-5), Cu-sulfides and possibly imogolite-rich soils provide Kd's (distribution coefficients) of roughly 103 mL g−1 for /−, and 102 mL g−1 for TcO4 −. At near neutral pH, hydrotalcites, Cu-oxides, Cu-sulfides, and lignite coal possess Kd's on the order of 102 mL g−1 for both /− and TcO4 −. At high pH (pH>10), such as might occur in a cementitious LLRW facility, calcium monosulfate aluminate Kd's are calculated to be roughly 102 mL g−1 for both both /− and TcO4 −.","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116015105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Venkatraman, J. Schuring, T. Boland, I. Bossert, D. Kosson
{"title":"Application of Pneumatic Fracturing to Enhance In Situ Bioremediation","authors":"S. Venkatraman, J. Schuring, T. Boland, I. Bossert, D. Kosson","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334203","url":null,"abstract":"A field pilot demonstration integrating pneumatic fracturing and in situ bioremediation was carried out in a gasoline-contaminated, low permeability soil formation. A pneumatic fracturing system was used to enhance subsurface air flow and transport rates, as well as to deliver soil amendments directly to the indigenous microbial populations. An in situ bioremediation zone was established and operated for a period of 50 weeks, which included periodic subsurface injections of phosphate, nitrate, and ammonium salts. Off-gas data indicated the formation of a series of aerobic, denitrifying, and methanogenic microbial degradation zones. Based on soil samples recovered from the site, 79% of soil-phase benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) was removed by the integrated technology. From mass balance calculations, accounting for all physical losses, it was estimated that 85% of the total mass of BTX removed (based on mean concentration levels) was attributable to biodegradation.","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133745553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Stanek, E. Calabrese, K. Mundt, P. Pekow, K. Yeatts
{"title":"Prevalence of Soil Mouthing/Ingestion among Healthy Children Aged 1 to 6","authors":"E. Stanek, E. Calabrese, K. Mundt, P. Pekow, K. Yeatts","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334249","url":null,"abstract":"Ingestion of non-food items/mouthing behavior results in exposure of children to contaminants in soil/dust. We characterize the prevalence of such behaviors in healthy children. The relative frequency of such behaviors was assessed by parent interviews for 533 children age 1 to 6. Thirty-eight percent of children put soil in their mouths at least monthly, 24% at least weekly, and 11% daily. High-risk behavior decreased quickly for children aged 2 or more, but was still reported at least monthly by 3 to 9% of parents of children up through age 6. Highest outdoor object mouthing rates occur among 1-year-old children, who are reported to play daily in sand/dirt and have generally high levels of mouthing. Such children may have higher soil/dust ingestion and higher exposure to contaminants when soil/dust contains lead or other agents. These high-risk groups may help focus educational interventions and/or risk assessments.","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131936902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}