INSEAD: INSEAD Social Innovation Centre (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Shareholder Primacy vs. Stakeholder Theory: The Law as Constraint and Potential Enabler of Stakeholder Concerns","authors":"David Ronnegard, N. Smith","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3165992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3165992","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the Shareholder Primacy Norm (SPN) as a widely acknowledged impediment to corporate social responsibility (CSR), including how this relates to Stakeholder Theory. We start by explaining the SPN and then review its status under US and UK law and show that it is not a legal requirement, at least under the guise of shareholder value maximization. This is in contrast to the common assertion that managers are legally constrained from addressing CSR issues if doing so would be inconsistent with the economic interests of shareholders. Nonetheless, while the SPN might be muted as a legal norm, we show that it is certainly evident as a powerful social norm among managers and in business schools— reflective, in part, of the sole voting rights of shareholders on corporate boards and of the dominance of Shareholder Theory. We argue that this view of CSR is misguided, not least when associated with claims of a purported legally enforceable requirement to maximize shareholder value. We propose two ways by which the influence of the SPN among managers might be attenuated: extending voting rights to non-shareholder stakeholders or extending fiduciary duties of executives to non-shareholder stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":433763,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD: INSEAD Social Innovation Centre (Topic)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123067321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Fleet Operations in the Postal Sector","authors":"Vanessa Chocteau, D. Drake, P. Kleindorfer, Renato J. Orsato, A. Roset","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1604064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1604064","url":null,"abstract":"Fleet optimization for postal operators (POs) is an important effort towards sustainable transportation in several ways. First, of course, is its direct economic impact through investment, amortization and operating costs. Second, is its impact on the carbon footprint of the PO. While the evaluation of alternative fleet traction systems (e.g., fossil-fuel, hybrid and electric) is in many respects a relatively straightforward financial investment problem, there are additional complexities that make this problem an interesting research problem for sustainable energy. These include the uncertainties in market prices for various sources of energy, including emission credits for carbon leveraging of investments; the problem of infrastructure and support for new technologies; the intangible/reputation benefits of sustainable energy investments for POs; the problem of new technologies and learning effects and, finally; the nature of strategic partnerships and risk sharing that may be needed to achieve the requisite scale of operations to make low-carbon vehicles a feasible alternative for major fleet operators and for the automotive industry. Taking these features into account, this paper will describe a strategic framework for evaluating the possible transformation of postal fleet operations to hybrid or (pure) electric vehicles and present some initial results for this problem. .","PeriodicalId":433763,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD: INSEAD Social Innovation Centre (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121802616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Management for Energy Efficiency Projects in Developing Countries","authors":"P. Kleindorfer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1579938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1579938","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper addresses risk management fundamentals for energy efficiency (EE) projects in developing countries. The starting point for this paper is that there are many profitable EE projects in nearly every industrial enterprise that are simply not implemented. Four problems are often identified as the culprits for failing to harvest such projects: 1) lack of a rational and feasible approach to finance these projects; 2) lack of a rational internal management approach in the enterprise to package these projects in such a manner that they can be identified and implemented while the “plant is running”; 3) the high perceived risk of these projects; and 4) the fact that management is often simply unaware of the existence of EE projects of value. This paper is primarily focused on the third of these failure factors, risk, but touches also on the fourth factor since reducing project risk is predicated on understanding and measurement of EE benefits. The paper begins with a simple framework that emphasizes two dimensions of the organizational and contractual environment of EE projects. The first dimension is the energy intensity (measured, say, in terms of the ratio of energy costs to the total cost of goods sold) for the focal company initiating an EE project - the higher the energy intensity, the larger the potential payoff from EE, and the greater the ease of focusing management attention on EE. The second dimension is the level of organizational and contractual complexity of a project. Generally, the larger the number of external parties involved in a project (both financial and technical), the greater the complexity of assuring the ability to satisfy constraints necessary for successful project completion and the greater the transactions costs of contracting. After elaborating this framework and providing examples to illustrate required risk management, the paper discusses best practices for EE project risk management with illustrative case studies. Thereafter behavioral and other impediments to effective risk management are described, together with methods for overcoming these impediments. The paper then considers the role of carbon offsets as a possible source of co-financing of EE projects, and the risks associated with obtaining such carbon offsets under the CDM process. Finally, the paper considers the role of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) in identifying profitable EE projects, in managing these projects and in reducing their risks. The paper concludes with recommendations for both companies executing EE projects as well as for international organizations like UNIDO attempting to promote EE in industry in emerging economies.","PeriodicalId":433763,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD: INSEAD Social Innovation Centre (Topic)","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130172878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Last Mile Vehicle Supply Chain in the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies","authors":"Orla Stapleton, Alfonso Pedraza Martinez, L. V. Van Wassenhove","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1437978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1437978","url":null,"abstract":"We study the last mile vehicle supply chain in the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). The IFRC is one of the benchmark humanitarian organizations working in disaster response and development programs. We analyze the IFRC “better, faster and cheaper” last mile vehicle supply chain using Lee’s Triple-A framework of agility, adaptability and alignment. We identify the objective functions and main trade-offs for this supply chain. The objective of the last mile vehicle supply chain supporting disaster response is agility. The extra cost to achieve agility in disaster response programs is compensated with the objective of cost effectiveness in the last mile vehicle supply chain supporting development programs. Cost effectiveness is obtained sacrificing speed. We also identify challenges to the IFRC last mile vehicle supply chain. We suggest areas where operations research and management science can reduce costs which translates into increasing IFRC’s investment in social welfare of populations in need.","PeriodicalId":433763,"journal":{"name":"INSEAD: INSEAD Social Innovation Centre (Topic)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127675190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}