World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Training Topics for the Improvement of the Relevant Cognitive Skills of Technical Operators in the Railway Domain","authors":"Giulio Nisoli","doi":"10.26041/FHNW-1950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26041/FHNW-1950","url":null,"abstract":"Technical operators in the railway domain are experts responsible for the supervisory control of the railway power grid as well as of the railway tunnels. The technical systems used to master these demanding tasks are constantly increasing in their degree of automation. It becomes therefore difficult for technical operators to maintain the control over the technical systems and the processes of their job. In particular, the operators must have the necessary experience and knowledge in dealing with a malfunction situation or unexpected event. For this reason, it is of growing importance that the skills relevant for the execution of the job are maintained and further developed beyond the basic training they receive, where they are educated in respect of technical knowledge and the work with guidelines. Training methods aimed at improving the cognitive skills needed by technical operators are still missing and must be developed. Goals of the present study were to identify which are the relevant cognitive skills of technical operators in the railway domain and to define which topics should be addressed by the training of these skills. Observational interviews were conducted in order to identify the main tasks and the organization of the work of technical operators as well as the technical systems used for the execution of their job. Based on this analysis, the most demanding tasks of technical operators could be identified and described. The cognitive skills involved in the execution of these tasks are those, which need to be trained. In order to identify and analyze these cognitive skills a cognitive task analysis (CTA) was developed. CTA specifically aims at identifying the cognitive skills that employees implement when performing their own tasks. The identified cognitive skills of technical operators were summarized and grouped in training topics. For every training topic, specific goals were defined. The goals regard the three main categories; knowledge, skills and attitude to be trained in every training topic. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to develop specific training methods to train the relevant cognitive skills of the technical operators. Keywords—Cognitive skills, cognitive task analysis, technical operators in the railway domain, training topics. Giulio Nisoli is with the Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Olten, CO 4600 Switzerland (phone: +4162-957-21-47; e-mail: giulio.nisoli@fhwn.ch). Jonas Brüngger is with the Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Olten, CO 4600 Switzerland (phone: +4162-957-22-25; e-mail: jonas.bruengger@fhnw.ch). Karin Hostettler is with the Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Olten, CO 4600 Switzerland (phone: +4162-957-22-89; e-mail: karin.hostettler@fhnw.ch). Nicole Stoller is with the Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Olten, CO 4600 Switzerland (phone: ","PeriodicalId":433673,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127287808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Socio-Demographics of HIV-Infected Persons with Psychological Morbidity in Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"O. H. Ezeh, C. C. Ezeh","doi":"10.4236/OJMP.2017.64018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMP.2017.64018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: It is estimated that more than 330 million persons are living with HIV-infection globally and in Nigeria about 3.4 million persons are living with the infection, with an annual death rate of 180,000. Psychological morbidity often accompanies chronic illnesses and may be associated with substance abuse, poor health seeking behaviour and adherence to treatment program; it may worsen existing health problems and the overall quality of life. Until the burden is effectively identified, intervention cannot be planned. Until there is cure, the goal is to manage and cope effectively with HIV-infection. Little if any studies have been done in this area in the North West geopolitical zone of Nigeria, the study would help to identify high risk groups and prevent the progression and spread of the infection. Objectives: To identify HIV-infected persons with psychological morbidity, accessing HIV-clinic at Shika Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State; and analyze their socio-demographic profile. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out to assess and analyze the socio-demographic characteristics of HIV-infected persons attending Shika hospital Zaria Nigeria, who screened positive for psychological morbidity. A total of 109 HIV-infected persons receiving HAART at Shika clinic, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, were administered questionnaires; the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) measuring psychological morbidity and socio-demographic data. The participants ranged in age between 18 and 75 years. Results: Data were analyzed using SPSS software 15. Both descriptive and inferential Statistics were performed on the data. Results indicate a total prevalence rate of psychological morbidity of 78 percent among participants. Of this, about 16.2 percent were severely distressed, 25.1 percent moderately distressed and 36.7 percent were mildly distressed. The females were more likely to be distressed than men (65 percent vs. 35 percent of those with psychological morbidity, OR = 3.5 CI 95 percent). It was (57 percent) for patients whose HIV-infection was of relatively shorter duration (less than 4years) than (43 percent) those of longer duration (5 years and above; OR = 1.7, CI 95 percent = 1.1 - 3.5). The age group (18 - 40 years) was more likely to screen positive for psychological morbidity (58.3 percent vs. 41.7 percent, OR = 2.4, CI 95 percent), than the age group (41 - 75 years). On the other hand, Christians were more likely than Muslims (55 percent vs. 45 percent, OR = 1.5, CI 95 percent = 1.1 - 3) to be distressed. For married patients with partners it was 20 percent and for singles 30 percent; for the widowed (12 percent) and divorced (38 percent). At the level of tribal/ethnic groups, it was 13 percent for Ibos, 22 percent for Yorubas, 27 percent for Hausas and 38 percent for all the other minority tribes put together. Conclusion and recommendations: The study has been able to identify the presence of psychological morbidity among H","PeriodicalId":433673,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128491994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wellbeing effects from family literacy education: An ecological study","authors":"J. Furness, Neville R. Robertson, J. Hunter, Darrin Hodgetts, Linda W Nikora","doi":"10.1285/I24212113V3I2P22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I24212113V3I2P22","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a study that used community psychology theories to investigate family-focused literacy education programmes, evaluations of which usually focus solely on skills gains and their economic advantage. Specifically, the study drew on an ecological systems-based, culturally adaptive framework for personal, relational and collective wellbeing bringing much-needed new thinking to how family-focused adult literacy education might be theorised and practiced. The study traced the experiences of 19 adult participants in four family-focused literacy programmes in different communities in New Zealand over 18 months. Participant accounts from 79 key informant interviews, 12 classroom observations and programme documentation were scrutinized using latent theoretical thematic analysis which drew on broad perspectives of literacy, ecological systems theory, network theory and integrative theories of wellbeing. The study found that the programmes shared common principles and practices that prioritised holistic wellbeing whilst valuing literacy enhancement. It showed that participants experienced positive literacy, social and wellbeing-related outcomes. Programme effects were found to be interconnected and to flow on to other parts of participants’ lives and to their families and communities. We demonstrate community psychology’s critical contribution to a fuller understanding of family-focused literacy education.","PeriodicalId":433673,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128742490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Spirituality and Psychological Well-Being among Senior Secondary Male and Female Students","authors":"F. Parveen, S. Maqbool","doi":"10.15242/dirpub.dirh0117006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15242/dirpub.dirh0117006","url":null,"abstract":"Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. •Professor, Department Of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Now a day‘s most of the researchers focused on adolescents that were the most crucial and critical stage of their life‘s. In this study we want to know to what extent does spirituality and psychological well-being plays a vital role in adolescent‘s life, and to what extent both were correlated. The first objective of the present study is to examine difference between the mean scores of male and female students on spirituality and Psychological well-being. The second objective of this study is to find out the relationship between Spirituality and Psychological Well-being. The participants of the present study comprised N=100 students which is further divided n=50 male and n=50 female and they were from senior secondary schools and recruited from Metropolitan cities, their age ranged from 13 to 18 years. Data were collected through Spirituality questionnaire and Psychological well-being questionnaire. Results showed that there was insignificant difference between male and female students on spirituality and significant difference between male and female students on psychological well-being. Relationship showed that there was positive correlation between spirituality and psychological well-being. Result was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 software. Insignificant difference was found between males and females students on Spirituality and significant difference showed between males and females students on Psychological well-being. There were positive correlation between Spirituality and psychological well-being.","PeriodicalId":433673,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134223424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of School Safety Awareness among Malaysian Primary School Teachers","authors":"Ssekamanya, M. Badzis, Khamsiah Ismail, Dayang Shuzaidah Bt Abduludin","doi":"10.26417/EJSER.V6I1.P88-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26417/EJSER.V6I1.P88-93","url":null,"abstract":"With rising incidents of school violence worldwide, educators and researchers are trying to understand and find \u0000ways to enhance the safety of children at school. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which \u0000the demographic variables of gender, age, length of service, position, academic qualification, and school location \u0000predicted teachers’ awareness about school safety practices in Malaysian primary schools. A stratified random \u0000sample of 380 teachers was selected in the central Malaysian states of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Multiple \u0000regression analysis revealed that none of the factors was a good predictor of awareness about school safety \u0000training, delivery methods of school safety information, and available school safety programs. Awareness about \u0000school safety activities was significantly predicted by school location (whether the school was located in a rural or \u0000urban area). While these results may reflect a general lack of awareness about school safety among primary \u0000school teachers in the selected locations, a national study needs to be conducted for the whole country.","PeriodicalId":433673,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128636392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manifestation of Behavioral and Emotional Disturbances and Perceived Coping Strategies of Earthquake Survived Children","authors":"Mahwish Rabia, N. Najam","doi":"10.17265/2161-623X/2016.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-623X/2016.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to identify emotional and behavioral disturbances among earthquake-survived children and the perceived coping strategies of effected children. In the present study, a sample of 50 children (6-16 years) belonging to badly earthquake-affected areas were selected from different camps in Islamabad. Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB) interpretations were used to assess variety of emotional and behavioral patterns, and Children Coping Strategies Checklist (CCSC) was used to understand the perceived coping strategies of effected children. Results showed some of the frequent emotional/behavioral reactions exhibited by children, like withdrawal, anxiety/depression, aggression, and attention-seeking behavior. Whereas gender-based comparisons indicated that female children showed more internalizing behavioral patterns (withdrawn and somatic complains) as compared to male children who exhibited more externalizing emotions (aggression and delinquent behavior). Among coping strategies, children tried to adopt positive cognitive restructuring, and for distracting attention, they used distraction strategies of coping. It is concluded that the earthquake-affected children exhibit significant negative emotional and behavioral reactions, and that male children adopt coping strategies more as compared to female children. The study identifies the negative emotional and behavioral reactions towards trauma, which can be helpful for identifying problematic area for counseling and therapeutic interventions for these children.","PeriodicalId":433673,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121562175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Away Health Workers: The Role of Psychological Factors on Burnout","authors":"Fasanmi Samuel Sunday, A. Omojola","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20160506.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20160506.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims at investigating the effect of abusive supervision, interactional justice and supportive workplace supervision burnout among health workers in selected communities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Three hundred and twenty (320) health workers were sampled for the study. A battery of tests on abusive supervision, interactional justice, supportive workplace supervision scale, and employee burnout were used to elicit responses from the participants. The research used 2x2x2 factorial design. Four hypotheses were generated and were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Scheffe’s post-hoc analysis was used to know the direction of the findings. Results revealed that there was a significant main effect of perceived abusive supervision on employee burnout among health workers. Also, there was a significant main effect of interactional justice on employee burnout among health workers. It was also found out that there was a significant interaction effect of supportive workplace supervision, interactional justice, and abusive supervision on employee burnout among health workers. Results were discussed in line with hypotheses. It was suggested that the health establishments can reduce the incidence of employees’ burnout at least through establishing medical teams that perceived their superiors as non abusive.","PeriodicalId":433673,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114957947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peer-Mediated Intervention for Social Communication Difficulties in Adolescents with Autism: Literature Review and Research Recommendations","authors":"C. L. Cole","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.1100277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1100277","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) \u0000often experience social-communication difficulties that negatively \u0000impact their social interactions with typical peers. However, unlike \u0000other age and disability groups, there is little intervention research to \u0000inform best practice for these students. One evidence-based strategy \u0000for younger students with ASD is peer-mediated intervention (PMI). \u0000PMI may be particularly promising for use with adolescents, as peers \u0000are readily available and are natural experts for encouraging authentic \u0000high school conversations. This paper provides a review of previous \u0000research that evaluated the use of PMI to improve the socialcommunication \u0000skills of students with ASD. Specific intervention \u0000features associated with positive student outcomes are identified and \u0000recommendations for future research are provided. Adolescents with \u0000ASD are targeted due the critical importance of social conversation at \u0000the high school level.","PeriodicalId":433673,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115422397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward an Understanding of the Neurofunctional Dissociation between Animal and Tool Concepts: A Graph Theoretical Analysis","authors":"Skiker Kaoutar, M. Maouene","doi":"10.17265/2328-224x/2015.78.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-224x/2015.78.001","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroimaging studies have shown that animal and tool concepts rely on distinct networks of brain areas. Animal concepts depend predominantly on temporal areas while tool concepts rely on fronto-temporo-parietal areas. However, the origin of this neurofunctional distinction for processing animal and tool concepts remains still unclear. Here, we address this question from a network perspective suggesting that the neural distinction between animals and tools might reflect the differences in their structural semantic networks. We build semantic networks for animal and tool concepts derived from McRae and colleague’s behavioral study conducted on a large number of participants. These two networks are thus analyzed through a large number of graph theoretical measures for small-worldness: centrality, clustering coefficient, average shortest path length, as well as resistance to random and targeted attacks. The results indicate that both animal and tool networks have small-world properties. More importantly, the animal network is more vulnerable to targeted attacks compared to the tool network a result that correlates with brain lesions studies.","PeriodicalId":433673,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129405046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locus of Control and Sense of Happiness: A Mediating Role of Self-Esteem","authors":"I. Shubina","doi":"10.1007/978-981-10-8034-0_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8034-0_6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":433673,"journal":{"name":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122897798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}