Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning最新文献

{"title":"Spatial Analysis of the Implications of Traffic and Parking Activities in the Mubi Cattle Market Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"P. B. Joshua, J. Odihi","doi":"10.24193/JSSP.2018.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/JSSP.2018.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Mubi Cattle Market is located within the town of Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The weekly market that is held every Tuesday and it is a revenue spinner for the commercial town has also become a source of a significant traffic congestion problem in the town [1]. This market attracts customers from the state, other parts of the country, as well as across international borders (Cameroon, Chad and Central Africa Republic). Similarly, the improved transportation system has helped increase the tempo of marketing operations [2] which further adds to the traffic situation. The marketrelated traffic, which may be over 10 times its normal volume (that is, non-market day), creates a nightmarish traffic experience for the Mubi town residents. Against this background, the present study was elaborated to yield the Cattle market related facts that may guide actions to mitigate traffic problems in the town. Traffic counting methods and transport planning at all levels requires understanding of actual conditions for proper land use planning. This involves the determination of vehicle or pedestrian numbers, vehicle types, vehicle speeds, vehicle weights, as well as more substantial information such as trip length, purpose and frequency. The first group of data, dealing with the characteristics of vehicle or people movement, was obtained by undertaking traffic counts [3]. Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism","PeriodicalId":43343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41442072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining and Modelling the Determinants of the Rising Land Surface Temperatures in Arabian Desert Cities: An Example from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. T. Rahman","doi":"10.24193/JSSP.2018.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/JSSP.2018.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Following the oil boom in the 1970s, Riyadh, the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced rapid population growth and urban expansions [1], [2]. Rapid population growth has affected the city’s environment, and the socio-economic conditions of its residents while massive construction of urban residential and business infrastructures and transportation networks has resulted in rising air pollution, increased frequency of flooding of the city, and rising of the land surface temperature (hereafter LST), [3], [4], [5]. In a desert environment, rising LST and the formation of urban heat island will have tremendous impacts on the health conditions especially in the case of the children, elderly, and the poor residents of the city [6]. The rapid development of geospatial technologies since the 1990s has allowed researchers to examine the changes and effects of urban expansion on LST in cities around the world [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. LST data derived from remote sensing imageries have achieved better accuracy than those collected from ground-based weather stations [12], [13]. Yuan and Bauer (2007) examined the effect of the impervious surfaces on the seasonal variation of LST for the City of Twin Cities, Minnesota in 2002 [14]. Using Landsat TM and ASTER data, Liu and Zhang (2011) examined the influences of LST on the formation of urban heat islands for the city of Hong Kong [15]. Wang et al. (2018) used Landsat TM and ETM+ data to understand the impacts of urban expansion on LST in Nanjing City for the period between 1985 and 2009 [16]. For the city of Aksu (China), various landscape metrics were used to The Saudi capital city of Riyadh has experienced rapid population growth and urban expansion over the past 4 decades. One major consequence of such growth is the rising of the city’s land surface temperature (LST). This study used Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor data to map the distribution of Riyadh’s LST and then examined and modelled the impacts of five contributing factors known to increase urban LST. The contributing factors are size/area and population density of each neighbourhood, along with amounts of impervious surfaces, vegetations, and soil/sand measured through remote sensing indices NDBI, NDVI, and NDBsI. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation values, Path Analysis, and Multiple Regression analysis. The result shows that neighbourhood population densities and NDBsI index have strong positive correlations (r= 0.68 and r= 0.60) with LST. Neighbourhood area showed significant but low positive correlation (r= 0.33) and the NDBI and NDVI indices showed strong negative correlations (r= -0.55 and r= -0.64) with the LST. The multiple regression model explained about 77% of the total variation in the LST. The model can be used to predict and simulate future LST distribution for Riyadh as well as other cities in the Kingdom and the region. Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism","PeriodicalId":43343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41364650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Segregation to Integration of New Developments in Historic Contexts: Rural Texture in Iran","authors":"A. Lak, Reihaneh Aghamolaei, Eftekhar Azizkhani","doi":"10.24193/JSSP.2018.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/JSSP.2018.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"During the last century, rapid modern growth in human settlements has resulted in slicing into traditional settings and dichotomy of old traditional parts of the town on one hand and newly zoned areas on the other in the case of emergent countries. These new zones differ spatially, physically and socioeconomically, as well as culturally resulting in a mosaic urban area without any proper center [1]. Thus, physical form is considered as one of the most significant parameters in rapidly growing cities and villages. In the last decades, modern urban planning and projects have led to segregation and fragmentation in Iran, which is in contrast to the features of traditional cities [2]. Moreover, the spatial structure of Iranian settlements, affected by technology and modern life style, coincided with the decline of rural values and their original sociocultural identities [3]. The present study attempts to investigate a theoretical model to integrate the new and the old parts of Qehi village. This historic village has been divided into two parts by the new development processes: organic and grid textures. The new development of Qehi was based on the modern grid pattern, which is completely in contrast to the traditional patterns of Iranian settlements. This research investigates how physical and social structures of a particular settlement can be integrated based on the views of both residents and specialists. Therefore, a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) was applied to explore the main dimensions of integration. In the following sections, after reviewing the literature and highlighting the most important factors, the framework was defined. Then, Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism","PeriodicalId":43343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46929626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involuntary Resettlement: From a Landslide-Affected Slum to a New Neighbourhood. Case Study of Mina Resettlement Project, Ahvaz, Iran","authors":"Mozaffar Sarrafi, Alireza Moahmmadi","doi":"10.24193/jssp.2018.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jssp.2018.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"In 2014, it was estimated that about one billion people of the world’s population lived in urban slums; of which about 90% resided in the cities of Global South [1], [2]. This figure is about 43% of Iranian and 30% of Asian cities, respectively [3], [4], [5]. In the 1960s, the Iranian government began to cope with the slum problem mainly through slum clearance and eviction; Irandoost, K. (2009), meanwhile, the resettlement approach was trivial [6]. Since 2003 and with the ratification of the National Document on Enabling and Regularizing slums, a new era, which diminished the coercive approaches, began [7]. Accordingly, slums as one category of settlement in Iran are defined as “hastily constructed housing often built by their eventual occupants, mostly without the permit to construct such buildings. They are often outside existing formal planning; and inhabited by lower income groups. Slums are characterised by functional linkages to the main city, low quality of life and desperately low urban services as well as high population density” [7]. Khuzestan with an area of 64 km2 and a population of 4.6 million people [8], is one of Iran’s oilrich provinces with notable slums springing forth mainly from the rural-urban migrations since half a century ago. This is due to several factors which include but not limited to the 1960s land reform, economic restructuring to the benefit of modern industries and Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism","PeriodicalId":43343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43034213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcrowding and Its Effects on the Social and Spatial Aspects of the Urban Fabric. The Case of Jabal Al-Natheef, Amman, Jordan","authors":"Raed Salem Al Tal, Rama Al Mulqi, L. Alawneh, S. Tarawneh","doi":"10.24193/JSSP.2018.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/JSSP.2018.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Amman has been a city of refugees since its modern foundation in the mid-nineteenth century where strangers, no matter their origin, were protected. The city has absorbed wave after wave of refugees, most of who have stayed and settled [1]. The influx of thousands of Palestinian refugees to Amman in 1948 marked a turning point in the city’s economic and social fabric, increasing Jordan’s population from 500,000 to 1.5 million within two years, one-third of whom being Palestinian refugees. The second wave of 400,000 Palestinians came in 1967, when Israel occupied the West Bank. According to the British geographer Jane Hacker (1960), these waves highly influenced the social and political transformation, and development issues of Amman, including those of land use, city growth, population densities, internal commercial structures, and residential differentiations [2]. In addition, Ala’ Al-Hamarneh (2001) stated that “Amman was built on the pain of others” [3, p. 173]. According to the Jordanian Department of Statistics, the greatest concentration of Amman’s population resides in the eastern part of the city which includes one large official Palestinian camp and several other neighborhoods with significant Palestinian population. This study mainly focuses on one of these large neighborhoods, Jabal Al-Natheef. Jabal Al-Natheef is Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism","PeriodicalId":43343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42034129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Settlement Dynamics in the Bamenda III Municipality, North West Region, Cameroon","authors":"L. Mbanga","doi":"10.24193/JSSP.2018.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/JSSP.2018.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Human settlements appear to be the most dynamic human elements over the earth’s surface [1]. Settlements are the most visible signs that human culture has imposed on the natural world [2]. This dynamism is propelled by a rapid urbanization in the world which is the result of an ever increasing population. Globally, since 1950, the process of urbanization has been faster with more than half of the world’s population now living in urban areas with about 54.5% in 2016 as compared to 37.9% in 1976 [3]. The present dynamic state of human settlements in the world is the outcome of urbanization. A broader socio economic and political process in the world shall affect human settlements at all levels; global, national and local. About 52% of the developing world’s population shall be living in cities by 2020. Demographic explosion in Africa and Asia is certain. The success or failures in urban development policies shall be observed in the physical structure of human settlements and their nature; formal or informal [4]. In the developing world, the Latin American and the Caribbean areas are considered as the most urbanized. Argentina, Uruguay and Venezuela are at an advanced stage of urbanization. Human settlement dynamics has accompanied urbanization through expansion into new areas and the densification of the Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism","PeriodicalId":43343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43269234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Villages on the Edge of Extinction - the Hungarian Situation","authors":"Zsófia Ilcsikné Makra, Péter Bajmócy, A. Balogh","doi":"10.24193/jssp.2018.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jssp.2018.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most interesting settlement types in Hungary is the small village, that is the village with less than 500 inhabitants. One third of the Hungarian settlements are small villages, but they include only 3% of the total population. Their disadvantageous situation is well-known because of the lack of public services, low-quality infrastructure, poor traffic connections, and old or deprived and declining population. The smaller a village is the worse its situation becomes. Because of these unfavourable processes, some of the Hungarian villages are today at the edge of extinction. However, some of these villages have been refurbished in the last two decades with new functions (tourism, suburbanization, eco-village). Therefore, we argue that while some villages are in a very disadvantaged position other villages are in much better situation today. First we summarize those factors, which determine the past and present situation and development of small villages in Hungary. Than we try to classify the Hungarian extremely small villages by population changing trends and analysing the geographic location of these groups to find the different ways of development of small villages nowadays. The future of the extremely small villages is not pre-determined; rather their future evolution will depend on their location, functions, local elite, ethnicity, etc.","PeriodicalId":43343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44512069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}