{"title":"Distribution transformer size optimization by forecasting customer electricity load","authors":"Jarrod D. Luze","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919426","url":null,"abstract":"For power utilities, determining an efficient transformer size for a power customer is a challenge depending on the many different specifications of the structure or area being developed by the client. Supplying a transformer much larger than necessary to a customer adds capital costs to a project, as well as increased future costs of transformer losses. Under-sizing a transformer for a client leads to reliability issues and an unsatisfied customer. Analysis shows the financial benefits of accurately sizing transformers, based on a study conducted on a group of three-phase pad-mounted transformers at Black Hills Power Utility in Rapid City, SD. By researching existing customer electricity use, a method of forecasting electricity load is developed and applied.","PeriodicalId":433119,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122990978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of green power generation on distribution systems","authors":"C. Mozina","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919417","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses green power distributed generation (DG) sources (of 10 MW or less), which are connected to the utility system at the distribution level, and their impact on distribution system reliability. Distribution circuits are designed to supply radial loads. Therefore, the introduction of green generation can result in: redistribution of fault and load currents on the feeder circuit, overvoltage and ferroresonance, plus a possible loss of protection system coordination—all of which can result in customer outages. The paper also discusses the specific reliability and protection issues in interconnecting green power generators to utility systems to mitigate the above cited reliability issues. These issues are not adequately discussed in IEEE standard 1547, which addresses interconnection of DG to utility systems.","PeriodicalId":433119,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131680931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ten steps to a smarter grid","authors":"S. Collier","doi":"10.1109/MIAS.2009.935500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIAS.2009.935500","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. electric grid is not smart. It was not planned and constructed to be able to meet the new constraints, variables and uncertainties that the future holds. The central system architecture and operating schemes haven't really changed in a century. Long term construction and operations plans were founded upon the availability of extra capacity and redundancy to passively withstand short-term variation of demand, longer term growth and outages of lines and equipment. The traditional tools to achieve adequacy and reliability, additions to conventional generation, transmission and distribution assets, aren't as viable now. Already, electric utility performance indicators eroding: economy, reliability, security, asset value, profitability, sustainability, and service quality.","PeriodicalId":433119,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133023380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The benefits of distribution automation to a rural electric cooperative","authors":"C. Smallwood, J. Wennermark","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919423","url":null,"abstract":"United Cooperative Services began implementation of several levels of distribution automation approximately 10 years ago. Since that time, the Cooperative has seen many successes and has learned valuable lessons from the system implementation. Automating a distribution system outside of the substation can bring substantial benefits to the end-consumers by improving system reliability, planning, design, and response to outage and power quality issues.","PeriodicalId":433119,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122064352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selection of distribution feeders for implementing distributed and renewable energy applications","authors":"B. Kroposki, P. Sen, K. Malmedal","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919419","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change concerns, mandated renewable portfolio standards, lucrative government incentives, and accelerated cost reduction in renewables and distributed energy applications are driving steep growth in system installations. Distributed energy resources (DER) are not commonly connected to a bulk power transmission system, instead are interconnected near the load in the electric power distribution system. DER includes renewable energy such as wind and solar, fossil-fuel based generation such as microturbines, small gas turbine units and distributed energy storage. In this paper, a novel methodology is developed that ranks utility feeders for implementation of DER systems. This performance index is based on peak load reduction, increased system capacity, load-generation correlation, and feeder load growth. This is based on a statistical measure that quantifies the relationship between loads and the stochastic nature of renewable resources. This allows the utility to gain insight into improved benefits from non-dispatchable renewable resources such as solar and wind technologies as well as dispatchable DER technologies.","PeriodicalId":433119,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128656147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computerized economic analysis of alternative line designs a “how to” approach for quick solutions","authors":"Logan Pleasant","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919427","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an argument for performing economic conductor analysis during utility planning, and presents an approach to developing relatively simple software which can be used to efficiently evaluate alternative conductor sizes and construction types for new or rebuilt lines including a no action alternative. The paper will describe how multiple variable inputs into the software will allow for alternatives to have different initial costs, variations in future operation and maintenance expenses and different levels of future loss costs. The body of the paper will describe how such a tool can allow an end user to quickly and efficiently evaluate different conductor sizes, changes in number of phases, different types of line construction (i.e., underground versus overhead) as well as evaluating “what if” cases using different purchased power cost and maintenance escalation rates. It will also discuss how a user might choose to report the results using a simplified single result, matrix or visual comparison. The paper will conclude by illustrating how this or similar types of software can expedite complex engineering and economic evaluations to assist management in making decisions regarding system improvements.","PeriodicalId":433119,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129864126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of a “fuse blow” scheme on overhead distribution system reliability and power quality","authors":"Craig A. O'Meally, J. Burke","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919415","url":null,"abstract":"this paper addresses the impact of a fuse blow philosophy on long lines commonly found in rural electric utilities as well as shorter lines which are ubiquitous in more urban areas. It also assesses the differences in the impact of these schemes in terms of both power quality (momentaries) and reliability issues. Detailed analysis of the impact on the utility system is presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":433119,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122450615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of series air-core inductors to distribution capacitor banks improves reliability","authors":"A. Hannah","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919428","url":null,"abstract":"Many utilities have experienced blown fuses on three phase distribution capacitor banks caused by failed capacitor cells, lightning, back-to-back capacitor switching transients, etc. Traditional capacitor protection on distribution circuits includes lightning arrestors, expulsion fuse current limiting fuse links, and pre-insertion inductors. This paper will summarize the experiences of utilizing air core inductors in series with shunt-connected three phase distribution capacitor banks. Enhanced circuit protection is achieved using this low-cost capacitor protection method available to the distribution engineer.","PeriodicalId":433119,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126523188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rural distribution system planning using Smart Grid Technologies","authors":"B. Saint","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919421","url":null,"abstract":"The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act states that all utilities must consider Smart Grid Technologies when making system investments and improvements. This paper will: • Review the language in the Act that sets this requirement • Review the Values and Characteristics of a Smart Grid as defined by the Department of Energy • Discuss how these Values and Characteristics specifically can be applied to rural utility distribution systems • Describe some of the Smart Grid Technologies available today for use on rural distribution utility systems","PeriodicalId":433119,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123034260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An effective poor man's ‘SMART’ distribution volt/var management system","authors":"E. T. Jauch","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2009.4919422","url":null,"abstract":"The advanced capabilities of modern LTC transformer and regulator tapchanger controls, distribution capacitor bank controls and communications equipment allows for an unprecedented ability to control the voltage profile from distribution substation to the ultimate customer. The use and coordination of these capabilities can result in immediate CVC programs that can affect the average electric power consumer voltage level. The implementation of proposed SG (SMART GRID) system features will further increase the accuracy and effectiveness of such programs. Recent studies have shown that the single act of reducing the average consumer voltage levels within the acceptable voltage range (114–126 volts) results in significant positive changes on the power system. These system benefits will be shared by the consumer with lower power bills and by the utility in lower losses, reduced fuel costs, increased equipment capability, reduced need for power factor correction equipment, delayed new generation requirements, and more. A loss of revenue for the utility will occur, as it does for any power efficiency or conservation activity.","PeriodicalId":433119,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115565624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}