{"title":"Constructive Dynamic Program Slicing Research","authors":"J. Korpi, Jussi Koskinen","doi":"10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Program slicing is a promising technique for providing automated support for various important software engineering activities. There exists hundreds of scientific studies on the theory of slicing. However, slicing is still not widely applied in software industry. Therefore, there is a need to survey and characterize the conducted research and to analyze what problems hinder progress. This paper answers to that need by providing a survey of constructive dynamic program slicing research focusing on publication series with high visibility. The survey identified 12 dynamic slicers related to which 12 aspects were studied. The analysis revealed many issues which can be seen both as concerns and possibilities for improvements. These included the following: 1) Scarcity of high-visibility journal articles. 2) General lack of focus of the conducted research. 3) Limitations regarding the supported programming languages. 4) Mainly unutilized potential synergy with established research regarding various aspects; including visualization and navigation features. 5) Limitations of the conducted empirical studies. Paying attention to these issues is important for being able to make faster scientific progress in the area and to have bigger practical impact on software industry in the future.","PeriodicalId":433032,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Techn.","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131276241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on Two-layer Location-Routing Problem and Optimization Algorithm","authors":"Li Jin, Yunlong Zhu, Hai Shen, T. Ku","doi":"10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Location-routing problem (LRP) is a combinational optimization problem in a logistics system. Most heuristic methods employed for LRP divide the problem into location assignment and vehicle routing with a two-phase method, but this method often does not lead to a satisfactory result for the information can not be compressed from one phase to the other efficiently. In this paper we are concerned with a particular type of facility location problem in which there exists two echelons of facilities, and use a hybrid genetic algorithm to solve the problem regarding its solution as a whole, and thus easily obtain the optimal solution. Genetic algorithm uses a three-level chromosome coding method composed of binary code and integer code. Improving crossover and mutation with tabu search algorithm to increase search efficiency. The numerical results indicate that the method is feasible for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":433032,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Techn.","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128606385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suoju He, Yuan Gao, Jiajian Yang, Yiwen Fu, Xiao Liu
{"title":"Creating Challengeable and Satisfactory Game Opponent by the Use of CI Approaches","authors":"Suoju He, Yuan Gao, Jiajian Yang, Yiwen Fu, Xiao Liu","doi":"10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The goal for video game AI (artificial intelligence) is to generate AI that is both challengeable and satisfactory. Most existing game AI is implemented by FSM (finite state machine) which has drawbacks in the three respects: requirement of designer’s intensive participation; no existence of meta-programming; no planning and looking forward. Contributions of the paper is to propose CI (computational intelligence) as an approach to create both challengeable and satisfactory game opponents better than using FSM in the above three respects. During the research, two prey and predator genre games of Dead-End and Pac-Man are used as test-beds to prove the proposed theory. To create a challengeable game opponent, we proposed two CI approaches: “CI-controlled-NPC” and “knowledge-based-CI-controlled-NPC”. As the latter is based on knowledge and is more computational resource efficient than the former, so the latter is more applicable for multi-player online games, while the former is only applicable for standalone PC game. To create a satisfactory game opponent, is to optimize player’s experience through the creation of an even game. To better satisfy the player, we proposed two CI-based DDAs (Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment): DDA by “timeconstrained-CI” and DDA by “knowledge-based-time-constrained-CI”; both of which outperform the existing DDA. As the latter is based on knowledge and more computational resource efficient than the former, so it is more applicable for multi-player online games, while the former is only applicable for standalone PC game.","PeriodicalId":433032,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Techn.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115818714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast Scene Change Detection in Surveillance Systems Using ANOVA on Color Histogram","authors":"R. Rahman, Joydip Saha, A. Mubin","doi":"10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Automated surveillance systems have drawn much attention recently. For a surveillance system to operate and obtain credible sensing of a scenario, visual analysis is the most critical aspect. With an increasing expectation of acceptable outcomes from surveillance systems, light weight but fast visual analyses for producing authentic results are being greatly emphasized. In this paper, we present a new approach for detecting fast scene change in the sequentially captured photographs of a focused location. The system considers the images in RGB color format and analyzes all 3 color layers. In this method, the color value histograms of the images were compared to each other using a statistical procedure called ANOVA. We devised an approach that approximately identifies the locality of change in the scene. Various experimental outcomes based on this visual computation process have also been provided in this paper.","PeriodicalId":433032,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Techn.","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133570428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. N. M. Rezaul, Karim Thwarique, A. N. M. Rezaul Karim
{"title":"Face Recognition Using Matrix Decomposition Technique Eigenvectors and SVD","authors":"A. N. M. Rezaul, Karim Thwarique, A. N. M. Rezaul Karim","doi":"10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is an important and well-known technique of face recognition, where eigenvectors are used. In this paper, we propose a face recognition technique, which combines Eigenvectors with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) techniques to reduce size of the Eigen-matrix. The detailed theoretical derivation and analysis are presented and a simulation results on Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) face database has given. The simulation result indicates that the proposed approach is superior to conventional PCA with lower database size and recognition performance.","PeriodicalId":433032,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Techn.","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122469937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Packaged HTTP: Reconsidering Web Efficiency","authors":"Nils Gruschka, Luigi Lo Iacono, Namhi Kang","doi":"10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The steadily increasing beautification of the Web causes some unique issues. Web pages following contemporary visual design patterns require several tens of resources in order to be rendered. This poses challenges in terms of data transfer costs and (user-perceived) latency in particular. This paper proposes an approach to address this issue by reducing the amount of required requests per page as a complement and enhancement to existing HTTP caching mechanisms. The basic idea is to bundle all the referenced resources inside a hypertext document residing on the origin server and to send the complete bundle to the requesting user agent. Thus, the number of requests required to fill or refresh the client’s cache is minimized to exactly one request/response pair. This increases the total amount of data to be sent in some cases, but reduces the amount of requests to be generated, send and processed significantly in cache filling or refreshing contexts. This reduction of processing costs at the server side results in lower energy costs which may out-weight, as the case may be, the additional transfer costs.","PeriodicalId":433032,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Techn.","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132134678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classification of Multi-Class Datasets Using 2D Membership Functions in TSK Fuzzy System","authors":"L. Kaki, M. Teshnehlab, M. A. Shoorehdeli","doi":"10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Fuzzy modeling of high-dimensional systems is a challenging topic. This study proposes an effective approach to data-based fuzzy modeling of high-dimensional systems. The proposed method works on the fuzzification layer and tries to use two-dimensional membership functions instead of onedimensional ones. This approach reduces fuzzy rule base radically due to using of two-dimensional membership functions which lead to reduction of parameters. The resulting fuzzy system generated by this method has the following distinct features: 1) the fuzzy system is quite simplified; 2) the fuzzy system is interpretable; 3) the dependencies between the inputs and the outputs are clearly shown. This method has successfully been applied to three classification problem and the results are compared with other works.","PeriodicalId":433032,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Techn.","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127339765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interacted Multiple Ant Colonies Optimization Framework: an Experimental Study of the Evaluation and the Exploration Techniques to Control the Search Stagnation","authors":"Alaa Aljanaby, K. Ku-Mahamud, N. Norwawi","doi":"10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Search stagnation is a serius prblem that all Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms suffer from regardless of their application domain. The framework of Interacted Multiple Ant Colonies Optimization (IMACO) is a recent proposition.It divides the ants'population into several colonies and employs certain techniques to organize the work of these colonies.This paper proposes new effective \u0000evaluation and exploration techniques for IMACO and experimentallv tests the stagnation behavior of IMACO. The performance of IMACO was demonstrated by comparing it with the best performing ant algorithms like Ant Colony System (ACS) and Max-Min Ant System (MMAS). The computational results show the superiority of lMACO. The results comparison shows that lMACO with the proposed techniques suffers less fronm stagnation than the best known ant algorithms of ACS and MMAS.","PeriodicalId":433032,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Techn.","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134234974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Approach of Digital Subscriber Line2 Initialization Process","authors":"Nasser N. Khmiss, Msc Huthaifa T. Akrm","doi":"10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a design for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)/Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line2 (ADSL2) Initialization Process is presented which can be applied to different telephone network. Such a proposal can face the different types of noise over DSL channels, the most important types are Background and Crosstalk noises and Inter symbol interference (ISI) which is eliminated by using Time Domain Equalizer (TEQ). The Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) algorithm is implemented as TEQ algorithm. The initialization process where tested on American National Standard Institute (ANSI) defines 8 Carrier Serving Area (CSA) test loops for ADSL service. As a result, 9.02 Mbps and 9.42 Mbps were achieved over CSA loop-2 for ADSL and ADSL2 respectively. The TEQ efficiency for 8 CSA test loop are calculated where it achieved 93.1% of zero ISI for CSA loop-3. A comparison between Near End Cross-Talk (NEXT) and Far End Cross-Talk (FEXT) power shows that NEXT have higher power and narrow band where NEXT powers were (-45.593) dBm for all loops and FEXT were ranging from (-76.353 to -68.261) dBm for the 8 loops. Finally the results show that ADSL2 outperforms ADSL by about 400Kbps which about 1.1%.","PeriodicalId":433032,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Techn.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131385462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kalman Filter Estimation of the Number of Competing Terminals in an IEEE 802, 11 Network Utilizing Error Pron-Channel","authors":"H. AlSabbagh, Ali Amin","doi":"10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4156/IJACT.VOL2.ISSUE1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous applications of the wireless local area networks (WLANs) are sensitive to the state of the employed channel. Packet delay and throughput which are the crucial characteristic for almost all recent applications of the WLANs are sensitive to: number of associate stations in the network, amount of error in the employed channel, and type of the adopted transmission mechanism. The number of competing stations is essential to be known in terms of optimizing the system performance. Although several of considered studies have investigated these aspects most of them are anchored in some assumptions which turn into far from the reality, such as using ideal channel (errorless) or assuming unlimited number of retransmissions with the adopted accessing mechanism. In this paper, number of competing stations based on using Kalman filter technique with taking state of the channel into consideration is estimated. The achieved results show that amount of the error and number of retransmissions with the utilized mechanism play a key role on the estimation number of stations in the WLANs compare with the other studies.","PeriodicalId":433032,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Techn.","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134641957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}