Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts最新文献

Past and possible future influence of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on the climate responsible for concentration of geopolitical power and wealth in the North Atlantic region 大西洋经向翻转环流对北大西洋地区地缘政治力量和财富集中的气候的过去和可能的未来影响

Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/2516019219878561

L. B. Railsback

{"title":"Past and possible future influence of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on the climate responsible for concentration of geopolitical power and wealth in the North Atlantic region","authors":"L. B. Railsback","doi":"10.1177/2516019219878561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2516019219878561","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that nations that controlled global-scale empires over the most recent centuries and presently possess great per-capita wealth are in Earth’s two largest regions of regular moderate rainfall. That rainfall regime is the pattern of atmospheric precipitation most supportive of agriculture and water-wheel-powered industry, both of which presumably contributed to those nations’ advancement. Those regions of regular moderate rainfall ring the North Atlantic, and this article reviews the evidence that the Gulf Stream delivers warm vapor-releasing water in the upper limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, generating the distinctive climate of western Europe and eastern North America. Ocean circulation’s control on continental climate has thus contributed significantly to the Euro-American concentration of wealth and geopolitical power that has dominated the last few centuries of human history. However, comparison of the present apparent weakening or failure of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation with both the early Holocene 8.2 ka event and modeling of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation’s diminished generation of water vapor suggests that Europe and eastern North America may lose their beneficent climate pattern as rainfall there lessens.","PeriodicalId":432384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128494352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

WAM and WAVEWATCH-III intercomparison studies in the North Indian Ocean using Oceansat-2 Scatterometer winds 利用oceanansat -2散射计风在北印度洋进行的WAM和WAVEWATCH-III相互比较研究

Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/2516019219866569

J. Swain, P. Umesh, AN Balchand

{"title":"WAM and WAVEWATCH-III intercomparison studies in the North Indian Ocean using Oceansat-2 Scatterometer winds","authors":"J. Swain, P. Umesh, AN Balchand","doi":"10.1177/2516019219866569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2516019219866569","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the intercomparison of wave hindcasts using the third-generation models WAM and WAVEWATCH-III for the North Indian Ocean over 1° × 1° (latitude × longitude) grid resolutions, which reveals the first assessment of their relative performance through intercomparison of the model results. Hindcast wave parameters such as significant wave height, mean wave period, and swell wave height obtained from the simulations using Oceansat-2 scatterometer winds are analyzed to understand the quality and variability associated with the individual model outputs in the Indian Ocean. WAM and WAVEWATCH-III intercomparison studies are carried out for four different cases (January and June 2010, and January and June 2011). A comparative study of the relative performances of these two models is evaluated through extensive and robust statistical error analysis. Based on both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the model results, this study clearly indicates that both WAM and WAVEWATCH-III performed well in the common model domain using Oceansat-2 scatterometer winds, and they can be confidently used for long-term hindcasting in the North Indian Ocean, which will be very useful for most of the user community dealing with various coastal/offshore activities. The study also suggests that it would be preferable to consider available long-term wave measurements both in deep and coastal waters of the North Indian Ocean to validate and intercompare WAM and WAVEWATCH-III further.","PeriodicalId":432384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132676617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Experimental validation of lift and drag forces on an asymmetrical hydrofoil for seafloor anchoring applications 非对称水翼在海底锚固中的升力和阻力实验验证

Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1759313118811979

G. Byrne, T. Persoons, W. Kingston

{"title":"Experimental validation of lift and drag forces on an asymmetrical hydrofoil for seafloor anchoring applications","authors":"G. Byrne, T. Persoons, W. Kingston","doi":"10.1177/1759313118811979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1759313118811979","url":null,"abstract":"Tidal power can be described as harnessing the kinetic energy of the in and out flows known as tides created by the changing gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on the oceans of the world. As the relative positions of the sun and moon can be accurately predicted, so can the resultant tidal movements, making tidal energy such a valuable resource and an attractive option for renewable power generation. However, the high costs and difficulties associated with the deployment of underwater turbines, which includes anchoring, are prohibitive factors in the widespread utilisation of tidal power technology. Existing turbine fixation methods are primarily based on the use of large gravity anchors or monopole structures to secure the turbine to the seabed. In an effort to reduce size, environmental impact on the seafloor and installation cost, a hydrofoil-based anchor could be considered. The objective of this study is to experimentally test the lift and drag force behaviour of a finite-span hydrofoil with endplates, whose profile was selected based on simplified two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations using the vortex panel method. A customised lift and drag force measurement system for this prototype hydrofoil was designed, fabricated and calibrated, and subsequently installed and tested in the Dutch Tidal Testing Centre (TTC) in Den Oever, the Netherlands. A series of tests with force and flow velocity measurements are described for different angles-of-attack under realistic tidal flow conditions. Results for the lift and drag coefficients as a function of angle-of-attack are compared to numerical simulation data and revealed that the real-world lift force is predicted well, whereas the drag force is underpredicted by the numerical predictions. These findings provide useful information for the design of anchoring systems based of hydrofoil profiles.","PeriodicalId":432384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129420475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Spatial and seasonal variations in atmospheric aerosols over Nigeria: Assessment of influence of intertropical discontinuity movement 尼日利亚上空大气气溶胶的空间和季节变化:热带不连续运动影响的评估

Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1759313118820306

A. Ayanlade, Godwin Atai, Margaret O. Jegede

{"title":"Spatial and seasonal variations in atmospheric aerosols over Nigeria: Assessment of influence of intertropical discontinuity movement","authors":"A. Ayanlade, Godwin Atai, Margaret O. Jegede","doi":"10.1177/1759313118820306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1759313118820306","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the influence of intertropical discontinuity movement on seasonality and distribution of atmospheric aerosols over Nigeria, using remote sensing approach. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra aerosol optical depth, wind speed and precipitation/intertropical discontinuity (ITD) dataset were used. Geospatial interpolation model was used to analyse the aerosol seasonal distribution. Correlations analysis was used to evaluate the degree of influence of wind and ITD on the monthly distribution of aerosol. The results show significant variations in monthly mean distributions of aerosol, but the variation is much more extraordinary during Harmattan season than Wet and Dry seasons, with 0.29 ⩽ aerosol optical depth ⩾ 0.46. In other ecological zones, the highest mean aerosol optical depth values were observed in the months of December, January and February with 0.30 ⩽ aerosol optical depth ⩾ 0.60, with highest value in Sahel ecological zone. Generally, the results further show a strong relationship between aerosol optical depth distribution and migration of ITD with correlation r2 ⩾ 0.60 @ p = 0.05 mostly during Dry and Harmattan seasons but relatively low correlation r2 ⩽ 0.40 @ p = 0.05 during Wet season. The major findings of this study are that seasonal shifts in the location of the ITD considerably affect not only rainfall distribution, resulting in the Wet and Dry seasons in the study area, but also have significant impacts on atmospheric aerosol distributions. Although not all aerosols presented in this study are dust originated from Sahara desert, since biomass-burning activities frequently occur in the study area, the study concludes that satellite-based aerosol optical depth datasets continue to be advantageous to understand atmospheric aerosols distribution in a region where there is fewer ground aerosols data.","PeriodicalId":432384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121380810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Long-range persistence in sea surface temperature off the coast of central California 加利福尼亚中部海岸外海面温度的长期持续

Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1759313118791113

L. Breaker

{"title":"Long-range persistence in sea surface temperature off the coast of central California","authors":"L. Breaker","doi":"10.1177/1759313118791113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1759313118791113","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate long-range persistence in ocean surface temperature off the coast of central California, a region where similar observations have not been made. The database consists of 20-year records of daily sea surface temperature from three locations: Pacific Grove and Granite Canyon along the coast, and Southeast Farallon Island located 40 km off the coast and slightly further north. Long-range persistence is important for a number of reasons: on the negative side, it can have serious detrimental effects for statistical inference and on the positive side, it provides access to the ocean’s memory which can lead to a greater understanding of the processes involved and thus to better prediction. Long-range persistence also provides important insights into the relationship between the scaling that is obtained and the time scales employed. The first step in the analysis was to remove the annual cycle from the data at each location because of its detrimental effect on estimating long-range persistence. Then detrended fluctuation analysis was used to calculate long-range persistence where a single scaling exponent is obtained that relates the magnitudes of the fluctuations in the data to the time scales involved. Similar scaling exponents were obtained for Granite Canyon and Pacific Grove with values of 1.04 and 1.05, respectively. At Southeast Farallon Island, a value of 1.16 was obtained. The increase in the scaling exponent at Southeast Farallon Island is consistent with observations made elsewhere and model results, which indicate that as coastal influence decreases further offshore, the scaling exponents for sea surface temperature tend to increase. Because Southeast Farallon Island is exposed to subarctic waters offshore, whereas Pacific Grove and Granite Canyon are exposed to warmer waters from the California Undercurrent along the coast, these exposures to different water masses may contribute to the observed change in scaling behavior.","PeriodicalId":432384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125625415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Selection of sustainable technologies for reducing emission of volatile organic compounds and greenhouse gases 选择减少挥发性有机化合物和温室气体排放的可持续技术

Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2516019219852603

Zarook Shareefdeen

引用次数: 1