Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A Clustering Algorithm for Block-Cave Production Scheduling","authors":"F. Nezhadshahmohammad, Y. Pourrahimian","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2018.05.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2018.05.4","url":null,"abstract":"Production scheduling is one of the most important steps in the block-caving design process. Optimum production scheduling could add significant value to a mining project. The goal of long-term mine production scheduling is to determine the mining sequence, which optimizes the company’s strategic objectives while honouring the operational limitations over the mine life. Mathematical programming with exact solution methods is considered a practical tool to model block-caving production scheduling problems; this tool makes it possible to search for the optimum values while considering all of the constraints involved in the operation. This kind of model seeks to account for real-world conditions and must respond to all practical problems which extraction procedures face. Consequently, the number of subjected constraints is considerable and has tighter boundaries, solving the model is not possible or requires a lot of time. It is thus crucial to reduce the size of the problem meaningfully by using techniques which ensure that the absolute solution has less deviation from the original model. This paper presents a clustering algorithm to reduce the size of the largescale models in order to solve the problem in a reasonable time. The results show a significant reduction in the size of the model and CPU time. Application and comparison of the production schedule based on the draw control system with the clustering technique is presented using 2,487 drawpoints to be extracted over 32 years.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114779857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods of Determining Retardation Coefficients of Organic Compounds in Aquifers","authors":"M. Maraqa","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2018.05.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2018.05.5","url":null,"abstract":"Sorption is an important mechanism that affects the mobility of organic compounds in the subsurface environment. Sorbed compounds move slower than that of groundwater, causing retardation in their movement. Accurate determination of retardation coefficients (R) of organic compounds in aquifers is critical for understanding their movement, fate, and remediation. Several methods, including predictive tools, laboratory experiments, and field experiments have been utilized for determining sorption-related retardation. The objective of this paper was to review and compare between the different methods used for the determination of R of organic compounds, with emphasis on predictiveand laboratory-based approaches. Predictive tools are based on the use of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). Laboratory methods utilize different types of reactors including batch, stirred-flow, circulationthrough-column, or miscible displacement through packed columns. In addition, data from the column method have been analyzed in various ways to determine R. Discrepancies between results from different methods or from different analysis approaches have been reported. This create uncertainty about the suitability of some of these methods or the used analysis approaches. This paper highlights the possible causes for the observed discrepancy and establishes the limitations and appropriateness of the used methods and analysis approaches.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132189462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geodynamics and Nature of the Conrad Boundary by Results of the Deep Electromagnetic Soundings and the Superdeep Drilling","authors":"A. Zhamaletdinov","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2018.05.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2018.05.6","url":null,"abstract":"Continental Earth’s crust is subdivided into two parts – upper, brittle crust (namely geological) and low, ductile crust (namely physical). This idea has been investigated by many researchers on the base of seismical data, laboratory study of rock specimens at high thermo dynamic conditions and on the base of theoretical speculations [1, 2, 3]. In this presentation this idea is investigated on the base of the deep soundings with powerful controlled sources such as MHDgenerator “Khibiny”, industrial power transmitting lines (experiment “FENICS”) and with taking into account results of superdeep drilling on Fennoscandian shield. The summary analysis of the obtained data allows to draw a conclusion that the upper part of continental crystalline earth's crust has a thickness of the order of 10-12 km. Its principal peculiarities are: the sharp horizontal heterogeneity of electrical properties, a wide range of variations of electrical resistivity from 10 till 10 Ohm·m, a high porosity, brittleness, and a presence of fluids (meteoric waters) that penetrate from the day time surface to the depths of up to 5-10 km. Upper crust is the most actively involved in geological processes. The low crust belongs to the depth interval from 10–12 to 35–45 km (up to the Moho boundary). It is remarkable by horizontal homogeneity of electrical properties and high electrical resistivity in the range of 10–10 Ohm·m, by the low porosity and increased ductility. Electrical conductivity of the low crust is mostly determined by influence of planetary physical– chemical parameters (pressure, temperature, and viscosity), phase transitions of substances depending on geodynamic peculiarities of evolution for different segments of the Earth crust. As an area of physical processes influence, the low crust is nearer by its origin to the upper mantle then to the geological Earth crust. The low and upper parts of the Earth crust are subdivided between each other by the boundary of the sharp increase of electrical resistivity at the depth around 10-12 km (so called Boundary of impermeability for DC currents, BIP zone). At the same depth the sharp increase of rocks solidity, viscosity has been met in the Kola superdeep hole. This transition zone between the upper and lower crust is related with hypothetic Conrad boundary predicted by seismic data by the stepwise increase of longitudinal waves from 6 to 6.5 km/s.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128363872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems on Water Resources Management","authors":"Akobundu Nwanosike Amadi","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2016.03.02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2016.03.02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a primary source of life and is required in sufficient quantity and acceptable quality to sustain all human activities such as domestic, agricultural and industrial needs. This requirement however, is hardly fulfilled due to various natural and anthropogenic activities. Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques are useful in hydrological research and applications. Remote sensing observations enable improved characterization of the land surface which are relevant in hydrological studies. Remote sensing with its merits of providing spatially extensive, multi-temporal and cost effective data, has become a very handy tool in identifying hydrogeological processes. These studies have revealed the application of integrated remote sensing and GIS technologies in groundwater exploration and exploitation. Integrated remote sensing and GIS are widely used in groundwater mapping. Locating potential groundwater targets is becoming more convenient, cost effective than invasive methods and efficient with the advent of a number of satellite imagery. The nature of remote sensing-based groundwater exploration is to delineate all possible features connected with localization of groundwater. Data, driven out of remote sensing, support decisions related to sustainable development and groundwater management. Integration of remotely sensed data, GPS, and GIS technologies provides a valuable tool for monitoring and assessing water pollution. Remotely sensed data can be used to create a permanent geographically located database to provide a baseline for future comparisons hydrological studies. The integrated use of remotely sensed data, GPS, and GIS will enable consultants and natural resource managers to develop management plans for a variety of natural resource management applications.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133910031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Relationships between Engineering Properties of Various Rock Types","authors":"M. Sari","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2018.05.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2018.05.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133810617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Sea-Water pH Influence Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Modern Planktic Foraminiferal Species Globigerina Bulloides in South West Indian Ocean?","authors":"N. Khare, Lodhi Road New Delhi – India Prithvi Bhavan","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2016.03.02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2016.03.02.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115835849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cause-Forming Analysis of Shangping Tungsten Deposit","authors":"Z. Gan","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2016.03.02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2016.03.02.2","url":null,"abstract":"The forming of each deposit has its objective and natural conditions. Different deposits have different types because their conditions and environments are different. This paper analyzed and discussed the cause of Shangping tungsten deposit. Firstly, it is the district background. Secondly, it is the geological characteristics and the age of the deposit. We think that the deposit is the zoning deposit of intermittently reverse precipitation from the pegmatite petrography to the hydrothermal solution stage gradually from the whole developing process. And this is a more complicated high temperature hydrothermal solution deposit of (FeMn) WO4 and quartz with thin-vein type from the characteristics of the deposit. The cause classification from different was is new and original in the paper. Its aim is to finding out the distribution regulation of the tungsten deposit and to serve for directing mine production and prospecting bitterly.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116578568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geotechnical Investigations - A Tool for Deciding Mining Method for Chromite Deposits in Odisha State, India","authors":"A. Santharam, Kandula Vishnu Vardhana Rao","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2017.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2017.04.4","url":null,"abstract":"The Chromite deposits of Sukinda valley, Odisha, India are of strategic importance for the development of ferro-alloy industries. Around 90% of the India’s chromite ore production derived from two important chromite bearing belts, namely the Baula-Nuasahi belt and Sukinda valley ultramafic complex deposit. In terms of rock strength properties, the host rocks and ore body at Baula – Nuasahi chromite belt are hard and compact, with some structural defects such as joints, faults and dykes. After extracting the chromite ore by surface mining up to the economic pit bottom, the remaining reserves were being mined by underground method. In the Sukinda valley chromite deposits, both the wall rocks and ore body are weak, highly weathered. These mines were operated by opencast method. As most of the working mines in Sukinda valley reached their economic pit limit and there is no further scope to extract the ore by opencast mining. Since the chromite ore bodies are having considerable mineable strike length, width, and depth persistence, there is no option except to convert them into underground mines to increase the life of the mines. The chromite ore bodies were proved up to depth of 270m by exploratory drilling. Some major mining companies are planning for underground mining operations, due to constraint of limited space available for waste dumping, working with common lease boundary, slope instability, high volume of stripping ratio. To overcome such problems, the basic step is to conduct the detailed geo-technical investigations to avoid any unexpected consequences during mine development and stoping operations. The geo-technical investigations comprised of geotechnical mapping of existing mined out benches using scan line surveys, geo-technical drilling and logging of cores for the estimation of RQD, structural discontinuities, testing of cores for material properties followed by performing numerical modeling to evolve a suitable stoping method and excavation geometry. The paper deals with the results of the geo-technical investigations carried out for the planning and design of underground mine workings, design of stope parameters based on the geo-mining conditions.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"400 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124282994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Calculation Forecasting of Tourism: Example from Kazakhstan","authors":"Ayagoz Yerzhanovna Zhansagimova, Zhamilya Kaspievna Mizambekova, Aliya Sagundukovna Aktymbayeva, Jannat Muhamedzhanovna Bulakbay","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2015.02.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2015.02.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article evaluates touristic – recreational potential of Kazakhstan and model of organizational forecast of tourist cluster. Interactions within the cluster lead to the development of new ways to compete and generate an entirely new opportunities to overcome isolation on domestic issues, inertia, inflexibility, and collusion between competitors that reduce or completely block the beneficial effects of competition and the emergence of new firms. Thus, the presence of the cluster allows domestic industry to maintain its advantage, and not give it to those countries that are more inclined to upgrade.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114991718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil and Rock Mechanics Investigations for the Assessment of Strata Behaviour of an Opencast Coal Mine ","authors":"D.N. Sharma, Ziaullah Shareef, K.K. Sharma","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2015.02.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2015.02.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) planned for deepening the Opencast projects from the present depth of 250m to 400m. For successful operation and forecasting of strata behaviour in pre-mining was recognized. In this direction, SCCL had tie-up with CSIRO, Australia to work jointly, with a lead research provider. As part of these studies, to meet the requirement of generating needy data to conduct Numerical Modelling, extensive program was organized to take up different Physico Mechanical Properties (PMP) tests. In light of this, different tests suggested were taken up in SCCL and NIRM laboratories. The data thus generated were analyzed statistically to make use of the same for Numerical Modelling by CSIRO, Australia. The data generated during the course of organizing different tests, are synthesized and discussed in this paper. The paper deals with the methodology evolved in generation of desired soil and Rock Mechanics data to assess the stability of pit slopes, internal dump and OB dumps.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133056425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}