Therapeutic Communities最新文献

{"title":"The Daytop crisis and its impact on the global Therapeutic Community movement","authors":"Phoebus Zafiridis","doi":"10.1108/tc-10-2019-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tc-10-2019-0010","url":null,"abstract":"The Therapeutic Communities (TCs) movement tends to become from a revolutionary answer to the problem of addiction to another mainstream therapeutic proposal. The author considers that the crisis in 1968 in the seminal TC of Daytop was a pivotal event of this transition. This study aims to evaluate the impact of this historical crisis on the course of the TCs movement, assuming that, to enter into a constructive dialogue that can lead to the overcoming of today’s deadlocks of the movement, an awareness of the history is needed.,The present paper is a perspective/opinion paper and starts with a brief review of the origins of the first TCs for addicts. Emphasis is placed on their inevitable, according to the author, confrontation with the political and scientific status quo of that time. Then, it focuses on the period of the crisis in Daytop TC. The author interprets the events under a whole new scope, based on conversations he personally had with pioneers of that time, on his longstanding experience on the field, and the available literature.,The author attempts a historical and sociological analysis of the course of TCs and the Daytop TC. He concludes with a dispute of the prevailing idea that the Daytop crisis was a product of the confrontation between personal ambitions. He maintains that the collision that took place in Daytop TC was a confrontation between two antipodal perspectives over the notion of therapy. In any case, the subsequent estrangement of the movement from the groundbreaking attributes of the first TCs did not prove to be in the best interests of addicts; it was rather dictated by the need of the leaders of TCs to rescue their professional career.,The present paper attempts to offer a different view from the conventional reading of TCs’ history and their present situation for today’s predicaments of this proposal to be understood and possibly overcome.","PeriodicalId":43236,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Communities","volume":"4 2 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77501579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Third Position","authors":"J. Lees, F. Lomas, R. Haigh","doi":"10.1108/tc-08-2018-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tc-08-2018-0017","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of the expert by experience, and its benefits and challenges.,Review of the relevant literature and a case study has been performed.,The role of the expert by experience is fluid and complex. Staff need to understand the ambiguities of the role.,Experts by experience (XBXs) play an important role in TC practice. They need support and supervision. Staff need to learn about the complexities and fluidity of the role, and to be aware of its transitional position between service user and staff member.,XBXs challenge the binary notion of staff and service user. The role calls for a different relational rather than procedural conceptualisation.,This is the first description of the lived experience of an expert by experience, working in a therapeutic community setting, with the analysis of the helpful and unhelpful aspects of the role.","PeriodicalId":43236,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Communities","volume":"10 1","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83618745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-prison therapeutic communities in California","authors":"Roderic L. Mullen, N. Arbiter, Claudia Rosenthal Plepler, Doug Bond","doi":"10.1108/tc-06-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tc-06-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Over nearly six decades in prison, therapeutic communities (TCs) have waxed and waned in California. While there have been dramatic and demonstrable sucess with some of the most intractable populations in California prisons, the TC model has met substantial challenges, both bureaucratic and political. The paper aims to discuss this issue.,This is a six-decade review of in-prison TCs in California based both on the research literature and from personal experience over 30 years providing both in-prison and community based TCs in California.,Despite well-documented success reducing the recidivism of violent offenders in California prisons (which is now the bulk of the population), the government has ignored the success of well implemented in-prison TCs, and has implemented a CBT model which has recently been documented to have been ineffective in reducing recidivism. The State is now at a crossroads.,Documented research findings of success do not necessarily result in the implementation of the model.,There is evidence that violent felons are amenable to treatment.,Public concern over the return of violent felons from prison can be ameliorated by the evidence of the effectiveness of TC treatment in prison.,There is no other publication which captures the narrative of the TC in California prisons over six decades.","PeriodicalId":43236,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Communities","volume":"19 1","pages":"142-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78914771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study of Vipassana meditation with female drug users at a rehabilitation centre, Thailand","authors":"N. Wongtongkam, Phrakhru Bhavanaveeranusith","doi":"10.1108/tc-05-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tc-05-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - Substance abuse has become a major health issue in Thailand, contributing to high numbers of premature deaths and requiring considerable expenditure on treatment and rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this paper is to explore use of Vipassana meditation to reduce depression and improve empathy and self-awareness in drug dependent women at a rehabilitation centre. \u0000 \u0000Design/methodology/approach - Mixed methods were employed. Data were collected in a randomised controlled trial and focus group interviews with 24 intervention subjects and 22 controls. \u0000 \u0000Findings - Findings showed no significant differences in depression, empathy or mindfulness levels between intervention and control groups, but intervention subjects had a small decline in depression at one-month follow up. The focus group interviews showed that drug users had developed self-awareness, moral values and greater understanding of right and wrong acts. \u0000 \u0000Originality/value - Findings suggest that Vipassana meditation which is cultural appropriate for Thai culture and religion, should be incorporated into treatments in rehabilitation centres to increase successful outcomes.","PeriodicalId":43236,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Communities","volume":"57 1","pages":"132-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79221038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TCs and our global reach","authors":"G. Winship","doi":"10.1108/tc-09-2019-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tc-09-2019-046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43236,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Communities","volume":"3 1","pages":"109-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79706525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining prisoner experience of an equine assisted psychotherapy","authors":"Shona Robinson-Edwards, S. Kewley, L. Riley, D. Fisher","doi":"10.1108/tc-01-2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tc-01-2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine prisoner experience of an equine assisted psychotherapy (EAP). This paper explores the use of therapeutic interventions; specifically focussing on EAP, within this paper EAP constitutes the use of horses in therapy and involves a team approach from equine and mental health experts.,This paper took a qualitative approach; due to the exploratory nature of this study a phenomenological approach was adopted. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was deemed appropriate; the intervention took place in an adult, male, open condition prison in England (Category D) however participants who engaged in the equine intervention were from both the open prison and a nearby closed Category C prison. The equine intervention was delivered by qualified therapists who worked to help improve emotional regulation among participants with a history of drug and alcohol abuse.,The findings within this paper identify a strong correlation between EAP and positive experiences expressed by participants. Alternative approaches such as animal assisted therapies are worthy of consideration when attempting to support the rehabilitation and treatment needs of incarcerated clients. Participants achieved a number of goals and their confidence improved as they felt a sense of achievement.,This paper demonstrates the complexities of therapeutic interventions. Research relating to EAP in the UK is few and far between, consequently understanding is limited. This paper seeks to offer an insight into this topic and build upon this research in the future.,Access to prison for research purposes is challenging. Due to the nature of this study and the resources required sometimes EAP therapy cannot be implemented in or near many prisons in England and Wales. Therefore gaining access to this prison and exploring the data is the first phase of further research in this area.,Researching the way individuals experience therapeutic interventions is a “growing phenomenon”. This paper aimed to explore EAP interventions, however due to the sample size it was imperative that the role of EAP was not misrepresented. Therefore this papers intention is to raise awareness of EAP interventions and therapeutic interventions in prisons in England and Wales.,To the authors knowledge no previous study has examined such an intervention using this method and as such the findings of this evaluation are important. Moreover this paper enhances and develops our knowledge about how best to support and treat people with histories of substance use and/or mental health problems and anxiety while in prison, and the vital role such therapies may play.","PeriodicalId":43236,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Communities","volume":"3 1","pages":"111-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87361506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic communities and new social movements in Latin America, Southeast Asia, Oceania and Australia","authors":"L. Spencer","doi":"10.1108/TC-04-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/TC-04-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to introduce prolonged therapeutic community action research and compare research on new social movements in both Latin America and throughout the Australasia Southeast Asia Oceania Region where the later region’s new social movements emerged in large part from Therapeutic Community Outreach.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The qualitative method used combined prolonged depth interviews, action research, gathering warm data (N Bateson) and archival research and triangulated the findings. In writing this paper, a connoisseur derived narrative method is used consistent the socio-cultural contexts involved.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The characteristics and significant implications and values of these new social movements are outlined. These new social movements are not taking familiar forms with political power as an identifier – rather, a core feature is their transformatory potential in re-forming socio-cultural and socio-psychic patterns of everyday social relating penetrating the micro-structures of society. New forms of social movement are lively in unexpected public places within everyday socio-cultural life.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The research implications extend to providing processes used in pioneering TCs in Australia in the 1960s.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Co-action outlined may be a resource for therapeutic communities under threat in parts of the world.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000The transformatory potential within new social movements is not political, but socio-cultural and any focus on power relations would miss this shift.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The action research overviewed in this paper is perhaps a unique example of prolonged engagement in integrated action research on TC processes over more than 60 years.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43236,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Communities","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88484385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment and outcomes at Takiwasi Center, a Peruvian therapeutic community: identifying patient-related indicators","authors":"V. Defelippe, Anna Schlütter, Annelen Meriaan, B. Winkens, Veronika Kavenská, Gary Saucedo Rojas, M. Politi","doi":"10.1108/tc-07-2018-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tc-07-2018-0016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Substance abuse is a major public health concern, with over millions of people suffering from it worldwide. Although there is an abundance of treatment options, many of these rehabilitative trajectories are subject to “drop-out”. In addition, “drop-out” is a significant risk factor for relapse. There is an urgent demand for effective treatment, which would enable patients to reduce abuse and prevent relapse. Takiwasi is an addiction treatment centre that combines traditional Amazonian plant medicine with conventional western medicine and psychotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether socio-demographics factors, such as education level and occupation, psychiatric comorbidities and primary drug use, are associated with treatment non-completion of Ayahuasca (AYA)-assisted addiction therapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data on the first treatment episode of 121 patients were collected from the patient database from the years 2012 to 2017. To determine whether there is an association between the variables of interest and treatment non-completion, a χ2 analysis and a logistic regression analysis were performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Of the 121 patients analysed, 48.2 per cent completed their treatment, whilst 51.8 per cent did not. Students compared to those who are employed showed significantly higher odds for treatment non-completion (p=0.006; OR=3.7; 95% CI=1.5–9.6). Other variables in the multivariable analysis showed no significant relationship with treatment non-completion. While several limitations restricted the study, the findings suggest that the AYA-assisted treatment in Takiwasi may benefit from additional support for patients who are students. Moreover, it is advised to conduct more long-term follow-up of patients in order to gain better insight into the outcome of treatment at an AYA-assisted treatment centre.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000It appears that AYA-assisted therapy in a therapeutic community is a feasible type of treatment for addiction, for which further studies should elucidate the role of motivation in relation to socio-demographic factors and type of addiction in the risk of treatment non-completion.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43236,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Communities","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81786434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A “Learning from Action” workshop in Japan","authors":"R. Hinshelwood, Luca Mingarelli, Simona Masnata","doi":"10.1108/TC-02-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/TC-02-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Many people in severe mentally disturbed states do not use language or other symbolic media well or coherently. Therefore, the non-verbal medium needs to be understood by workers with such people. The “Learning from Action” experiential workshop was developed in order to provide an opportunity to learn about hidden messages in the relationships and roles occurring in activities. In August 2017, a workshop was run for the first time in Japan. The purpose of this paper is to report the experience and dynamics observed by the three consultants, who are here the authors of this paper.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000After the workshop all the staff and members, including interpreters, were invited to give feedback.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Analysis of the feedback data showed certain important dynamics, concerning especially dependence, cultural defences and the defensive role of activity in a multicultural context.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000This is an initial experience to be followed up by later feedback and further workshops.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Workers awareness of non-verbal communication within the roles of work activities is a training possibility. It faces various resistances including the mental health assumptions of meaninglessness of any communication outside the verbal.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This is a method of training not widely used even in European countries, and is the first in a country in the far east.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43236,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Communities","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79001606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experiences of perpetrators of filicide participating in treatment within a prison therapeutic community","authors":"L. Jacobs, R. Shuker","doi":"10.1108/TC-08-2018-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/TC-08-2018-0018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to explore the treatment experiences of adult male perpetrators of filicide within prison therapeutic communities (TCs).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Participants took part in semi-structured interviews in order to capture their treatment experiences. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Five superordinate themes (therapeutic process; acceptance; insight; relationships; and barriers) and ten subordinate themes were identified. All themes were pertinent to understanding the participants’ experiences of TC treatment. The discussion provides reflections about the findings, contrasts them to psychological literature, along with suggestions for clinical practice and future research.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This research addressed a dearth of published literature within the area of male filicide and available treatment interventions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43236,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Communities","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84234987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}