{"title":"Britain and the Management of Islamic Decline","authors":"M. Pugh","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvmd859w.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvmd859w.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at how, during the eighteenth century, the relationship between Islam and the British entered a remarkably benign phase. The British began to take a more relaxed, even subdued, attitude towards religion generally, partly as a reaction against the fanaticism of the previous two centuries, the civil wars in England, and the religious wars in Europe. If Britain lagged behind Muslim practice, the act was at least symbolic of the gradual progress towards religious and civil freedom over the next century. Even more significant was the fact that, as Islam itself had entered a phase of contraction after centuries of expansion, it could not be represented as the threat it had once been. Islam had clearly passed its early dynamic phase, leaving Muslims to consider how to handle an era increasingly marked by European expansionism.","PeriodicalId":429672,"journal":{"name":"Britain and Islam","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130132883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Britain and IslamPub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.12987/9780300249293-012
{"title":"Chapter Nine. Islam, Democracy and Nationalism after the Second World War","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300249293-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300249293-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429672,"journal":{"name":"Britain and Islam","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124138541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Britain and IslamPub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.12987/9780300249293-008
{"title":"Chapter Five. Britain and the Management of Islamic Decline","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300249293-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300249293-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429672,"journal":{"name":"Britain and Islam","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124598255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Britain and IslamPub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.12987/9780300249293-015
{"title":"Chapter Twelve. Muslims in the British Mainstream","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300249293-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300249293-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429672,"journal":{"name":"Britain and Islam","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129935483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE GREAT WAR AND THE RE-DRAWING OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE","authors":"M. Pugh","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvmd859w.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvmd859w.14","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter details how, during the 14 years before the outbreak of the First World War, Britain comprehensively revised her diplomatic alignments, readjusted her military strategy, and rearranged her armed forces to meet the threat posed by the European powers. In the process, she signed an alliance with Japan and ententes with France and Russia, she concentrated her fleet in the North Sea and the Channel, and developed a plan to prevent Germany from imposing a quick defeat on France by mobilising a new British Expeditionary Force. However, there remained one flaw in all this: she had not really considered the Ottoman Empire or, indeed, the wider question of her relations with the Muslim societies in Turkey, Persia, Egypt, and especially India. This oversight was a by-product of her new strategy, which frankly made security in Europe the chief object and in effect downgraded the importance of the imperial world. As a result, Britain failed to take full account of changes in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa engendered by the Great War.","PeriodicalId":429672,"journal":{"name":"Britain and Islam","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125353920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Britain and IslamPub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.12987/9780300249293-004
M. Pugh
{"title":"Chapter One. Islam: ‘A Kind of Christianity’?","authors":"M. Pugh","doi":"10.12987/9780300249293-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300249293-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429672,"journal":{"name":"Britain and Islam","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127747280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Britain and IslamPub Date : 2019-10-14DOI: 10.12987/9780300249293-007
{"title":"Chapter Four. India and the Anglo-Muslim Love Affair","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300249293-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300249293-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429672,"journal":{"name":"Britain and Islam","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131495776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Illustrations]","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvmd859w.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvmd859w.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429672,"journal":{"name":"Britain and Islam","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134184941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ISLAM – WESTERNISING OR ORIENTALIST?","authors":"M. Pugh","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvmd859w.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvmd859w.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses how the imposition of European colonial rule on Islamic countries in the nineteenth century provoked some Muslims into a complete rejection of Western culture and values and the adoption of jihad; but others argued for a revival and renewal within Islam to make it fitter for the modern world. What alarmed some imperialists was not so much that Muslims were completely resistant to modernisation and Westernisation, but that some at least embraced the prospect too enthusiastically. While reform was often imposed from the top, it is easy to overlook the extent to which the initiative for it came from Muslims themselves in the societies of Asia and Africa. During the nineteenth century, Muslims in India, Egypt, and the Ottoman Empire embarked upon radical Westernising strategies, as did those in Afghanistan, Persia, and Turkey during the 1920s, to take some of the most notable examples. For the imperialists, this process was dangerous because it was frequently linked with an emerging sense of nationalism.","PeriodicalId":429672,"journal":{"name":"Britain and Islam","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116705427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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