{"title":"Detection of Microbial Antigens by Using Immunodiagnostic Techniques for the Diagnosis of Microbial Diseases: A Review","authors":"Halo Yohans","doi":"10.47363/jirr/2021(1)104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jirr/2021(1)104","url":null,"abstract":"This review provides an overview of immunodiagnostic techniques that are used for the diagnosis of microbial diseases. In particular it describes serological techniques by classifying it into two broad categories: Primary binding tests that directly measure the binding of antigen to antibody and secondary binding tests that measure the result of antigen-antibody interaction in vitro. Generally, results obtained from this review can increase the knowledge and skills of professionals for the diagnosis and detection of microbial diseases.","PeriodicalId":429398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research & Reports","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127988453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Specific Immunological Biomarkers Used In the Screening of Rheumatic Diseases from 2004 to 2020 at the Immunity Biology Center of the Pasteur Institut of Cote D’ivoire","authors":"Yapo-Crezoit Chiayé Claire Antoinette","doi":"10.47363/jirr/2021(1)106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jirr/2021(1)106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: to study the epidemiological evolution of rheumatic diseases and to assess the advantages and disavantages of the methods for assaying rheumatic biomarkers. Patients and Methods: the study population consisted of 844 patients who came to the Pasteur Institute in Côte d’Ivoire from 2004 to June 2020 for the assay of rheumatic biomarkers. The parameters assayed were Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and Citrullinated Antipeptide Antibodies (Anti CCP). The RF assay was performed using two techniques: agglutination (RF latex, RF Waaler-Rose) and ELISA (CHORUS trio). The anti CCP assay was carried out by the ELISA technique (CHORUS trio). Results: among the 844 patients received, 144 had a positive result. Women made up the majority on the one hand of all patients (71%) and on the other hand of positive patients (77%). The most numerous patients were those aged between 41 and 60 years in both the total population and among the positive patients. The most common reasons for testing were rheumatoid arthritis and workup. The agglutination tests were used since 2004 for the determination of the RF from 2019 the RF was determined by ELISA chain. During this year 2019 there was a new more specific biomarker, the anti CCP assayed by ELISA. Conclusion: RF remains a key factor in rheumatic diseases. However, when combined with anti CCP, they make it possible to confirm the diagnosis with more specificity","PeriodicalId":429398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research & Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123929277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediments from Red Sea Coast of Yemen","authors":"Nada Mol-Aldwila, Ahmad Alaydrus","doi":"10.47363/jirr/2021(1)105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jirr/2021(1)105","url":null,"abstract":"Field work has been carried out to identify the occurrence of oil and oil by- product pollution along the Red Sea Coast of Yemen. The total concentation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples ranged from 33.7ug/g at Rass-Issa to 5.23ug/g dry wt.at Al-Mukha. This pollution is a consequence of localized oil operation and /or heavy ship traffic.","PeriodicalId":429398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research & Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125596725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy Deficiency Causing Immunodeficiency and Formation of Warts in Fingers","authors":"Huang Wl","doi":"10.47363/jirr/2021(1)107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jirr/2021(1)107","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Warts are lesions that occur in the skin and in the mucosa. According to Western medicine, warts are caused by human papillomavirus and can occur in any site. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to show that patients with warts have chakras’ energy centers in the lowest level of energy, meaning that the energy of the five internal massive organs responsible for the production of energy is compromised, leading to an immunodeficiency state. Methods: through one case report of 16 years-old male patients with disseminate warts in both hands in all fingers near the nails for the last 5 years. He searched for another treatment using Chinese medicine and I did he chakras’ energy centers measurement through one crystal pendulum. Results: All his chakras’ energy centers were in the lowest level of energy, (rated in one out of eight) with the exception of the seventh chakra that was normal (rated in eight). The treatment consisted in Chinese dietary counseling, auricular acupuncture with apex ear bloodletting and replenishment of the chakras’ energy centers with highly diluted medications according to the theory created by me entitled Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine and crystal based medications. The patient is doing acupuncture twice a week and using the medications and what he said was that the skin lesions were cured and disappeared completely after less than 4 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that patient with warts can have chakras’ energy centers deficient in energy, leading to a state of immunodeficiency and the treatment of this condition using Chinese dietary counseling, auricular acupuncture and replenishing the chakras’ energy centers using highly diluted medications, according to the theory Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements based on Traditional Chinese Medicine is of paramount importance to recover the immune deficient state, that is leading to the wart formation.","PeriodicalId":429398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research & Reports","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117274370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waha Ismail Yahia Abdelmula, Babbiker Mohammed Taher Gorish
{"title":"Assessment of Interleukin_10 level in Sudanese Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Khartoum State","authors":"Waha Ismail Yahia Abdelmula, Babbiker Mohammed Taher Gorish","doi":"10.47363/jirr/2021(1)103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jirr/2021(1)103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most predominant leukemia among adults. Interleukin‑10 (IL‑10) secretion has potent immunosuppressive effects and it has a strong stimulating impact on B-lymphocytes, inducing proliferation and differentiation. This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of IL-10 in patients with CLL (cases) and comparing them with apparently healthy age and gender match volunteers as control group. Method: A total of 88 blood samples were randomly collected. 44 blood samples were withdrawn from cases, while the rest were obtained from control. Serum samples after centrifugation of blood were obtained for IL-10 level evaluation. Human IL-10 ELISA max Deluxe kit was used to determine IL-10 in each sample following manufacture instructions. The Data was analyzed through statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 20. Results: Our results showed that the mean of IL_10 level among CLL patients (22.7±5.34 pgml) was significantly higher (P-value: 0.002) than the mean of IL_10 level among control group (4.99±0.55 pgml). Among case groups females showed IL-10 mean of 29.09±10.85 pg/ml that was significantly higher than male’s 18.22±5.04 pg/ml with p-value 0.023. Our result finds no significant difference between cases below 55years (23.62±8.03 pg/ml) and above55 years (22.07±7.19 pg/ml) in the level of IL-10 with P-value 0.893. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study determined higher serum IL-10 levels in CLL patients compared with healthy controls. Gender and duration of disease have significant effect on serum IL-10 level among CLL cases. However, sample size in this study was small and larger scale research is needed in this field with the inclusion of several factors such as disease, grade and outcome.","PeriodicalId":429398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research & Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117333112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}