Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Using wearable technologies to minimise occupational illnesses among construction workers","authors":"Lesiba George Mollo","doi":"10.1680/jfoen.23.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.23.00007","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how wearable technology could help construction workers contract fewer occupational illnesses. A case study research strategy was used to collect qualitative data. The qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview, and 30 participants were interviewed from multiple case studies. A model for using wearable technologies for minimising occupational illnesses was developed. Additionally, it was determined that wearable technology supports UN Sustainable Development Goal 9. The use of wearable technologies for construction workers to monitor their health in real time is another option to support UN Sustainable Development Goal 3. Additionally, it was inferred that the construction workers’ use of wearable technology was significantly constrained by ethical considerations. To improve the usability and functionality of wearable technology, this study suggested that user acceptance, security, ethical issues and big data challenges be addressed.","PeriodicalId":42902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135293111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driven pile foundation reuse in East London","authors":"P Morrison, Lohini Ganesharatnam","doi":"10.1680/jfoen.22.00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.22.00033","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple phases of redevelopment of the London Docklands have resulted in the need to replace existing structures with new, often larger, structures. This paper presents the case history of a 1980’s low rise office building (3-4 stories) being replaced by a medium rise (5 stories + roof terrace) recreational building structure. The 1980’s building was founded on driven close-ended steel tube piles located within one of London’s historic docks. Subsequent to the 1980’s building construction, London Underground tunnels were constructed below the dock in the late 1990’s in close proximity to the structure. Piling in the dock adjacent to the LU tunnels results in restrictions to pile construction methodology. The new structure reused the driven piles in the dock and added new onshore bored piles to accommodate a larger building footprint landward. The pile reuse justification used the original preliminary pile load test and driving records along with current design codes. The 1980’s allowable working loads stated on the design drawing were less than that required to support the new building thereby requiring re-interpretation of preliminary pile load test results. The pile reuse assessment justified an increase in pile working load from 1050 kN to 1760 kN.","PeriodicalId":42902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing piling obstruction risk intelligently for reinvention of a brutalist building","authors":"Alice Berry, Dinesh Patel, Felix Faber, Liam Bond, Joel Brook, Jan Kaussen","doi":"10.1680/jfoen.22.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.22.00028","url":null,"abstract":"Northwood Investors are reinventing a 1980s Brutalist style London office building, “The Acre”, located in a densely populated urban environment, and surrounded by residential properties. There is a plethora of known and unknown obstructions beneath the site, including heavy steel grillages. Typically, such sites are redeveloped by total demolition and lengthy enabling works with significant vibration and noise. Instead, Northwood elected to selectively replace just 20% of the existing structure while upgrading and re-cladding the remaining 80% to create a modern development, with half the embodied carbon of the previously consented scheme. To make the scheme viable, Arup proposed the use of Pali Radice piles. This technique can construct mini-piles through layers of obstructions that would defeat traditional piling rigs, and can operate in constrained spaces such as existing basements. Despite the choice of piling technique limiting the pile diameter and tender options, this offered a step change in risk control and was crucial to enabling the project. Drilling trials and preliminary pile load testing were undertaken. The trials proved effectiveness of the technique and informed the pile design. Evidence from the trials permitted the method and programme to be assessed, and installation risks to be appropriately managed.","PeriodicalId":42902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79271692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confidence and performance in different engineering tasks","authors":"C. MacRobert","doi":"10.1680/jfoen.23.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.23.00001","url":null,"abstract":"To explore how different tasks inform decisions, geotechnicians were invited to predict the stability of a failed tailings dam. Participants included students, contractors and experienced consultants. The first task involved noting down stability concerns and making a stability prediction. Participants then prepared sketches, suggested material parameters and updated their predictions. The third task involved suggesting strength parameters for a limit equilibrium model, critiquing the model and making a final stability prediction. A 30 min time limit increased the chance of human error. Accurately assessing the failure mode at the note and sketch sections did not translate into correct predictions, despite high confidence in these tasks, particularly from experienced participants. The majority (80%) of final stability predictions were highly correlated with the analytical computer model, despite low confidence in this model, particularly from experienced participants. While this trend in confidence is perhaps expected, most participants, including experienced participants, failed to identify that failure was imminent and were confident in their final predictions. This was largely because many suggested drained strength parameters, rather than undrained strength parameters appropriate for the problem. This highlights the importance of intuitive tasks such as note taking and sketching to understand problems before building analytical models.","PeriodicalId":42902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83017102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strip footings for the extension of a piled building","authors":"A. Gasparre, M. Crilly, Sam Harland, Gareth Atkinson","doi":"10.1680/jfoen.22.00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.22.00030","url":null,"abstract":"A four-storey building in south-west London, UK is to be extended to eight storeys by introducing a system of strip footings to supplement the original foundation system, formed by displacement flight auger piles. The reuse of the original foundation piles and the implementation of the new footings were made possible by a detailed desk study, which obtained record information on the existing foundation system together with a thorough investigation of the existing foundations, which validated the record data. The strip footing solution was assessed against other options and selected on the basis of accessibility and construction practicalities. New ground beams were designed to distribute the new column loads in a manner compatible with the implemented solution. The complex interaction between the new shallow footings and the existing deep footings was assessed considering different loading scenarios and maximum and minimum displacements for each element. Simplified linear elastic geotechnical analyses and pile settlement calculations supported the structural assessment of the proposed extension.","PeriodicalId":42902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82044288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the performance of bridge decks through full-scale accelerated testing","authors":"Mehdi Rashidi, Hoda Azari, J. Braley, R. Zobel","doi":"10.1680/jfoen.21.00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.21.00032","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the long-term performance of bridges plays a major role in the selection of appropriate asset management strategies, which eventually reduce life-cycle costs and extend the service life of a bridge. To better understand bridge performance, the Federal Highway Administration initiated a research project utilizing accelerated testing of full-scale bridge superstructure systems subjected to cyclic moving wheel loads and freeze-thaw environmental conditions. As a part of the research project, complementary nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques were used to assess the performance of a full-scale bridge deck during the curing and loading period. NDE results, shortly after construction, revealed a smaller cover depth of rebars in the middle section of the deck. This has likely created a preferential path for the subsequent deterioration of the deck. It was suggested to use a scaled version of the electrical resistivity (ER) values to improve the consistency between temporal ER measurements of the deck, and it was shown that combining construction information with NDE results can improve the interpretation of results. Overall, results showed the importance of NDE for quality assurance of new construction and provided a better understating of the long-term bridge deck performance.","PeriodicalId":42902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72408165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of lead-rubber-bearing isolation systems using a grasshopper optimisation algorithm","authors":"S. Mollaei, E. N. Farsangi, M. Babaei, Fatemeh Mehri, Fakhraddin Ghahramani","doi":"10.1680/jfoen.22.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.22.00034","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic isolation is an efficient method for improving the seismic behaviour of building structures. Sensitivity analysis of the behaviour of the base-isolated structures is essential to investigate the effects of various mechanical and environmental factors on the performance of seismic isolation systems. In this study, the optimal design of a lead-rubber-bearing seismic isolation system is investigated by considering irregular mass condition, and near-fault seismic excitation. The grasshopper optimisation algorithm was used to optimise the design of the isolation system. The sensitivity analysis of the seismic response of the isolated structures was carried out for the mechanical parameters of the isolation system, mass irregularity in the building, and near-fault earthquakes. The results proved the efficiency of the algorithm in optimal design problems for structural isolation systems. Also, the sensitivity analysis of the seismic behaviour of base-isolated structures showed that the yield base shear index had the most important effects in analysis. Also, mass irregularity showed a negligible influence on the behaviour of the isolated structures.","PeriodicalId":42902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82680652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reuse of existing steel pile foundations – Greenock Creek Bridge, Walkerton, Ontario, Canada","authors":"T. Sangiuliano, David Staseff, PK Chatterji, K. Shi, Rodolfo de Castro","doi":"10.1680/jfoen.22.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.22.00025","url":null,"abstract":"Following a preliminary assessment of bridge replacement/rehabilitation options for the existing Greenock Creek Bridge located near Walkerton in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, the removal of the existing superstructure and the reuse of the existing foundations was selected as the preferred option. The preferred alternative was based on condition survey of the deck and superstructure and traffic mobility, economic, sustainability and environmental advantages. The decision is demonstrative of the Ministry of Transportation’s (MTO) commitment to assess new technologies and applications that support Ministry initiatives and operational needs and specifically to encourage the reuse of existing foundations. The existing structure, built in 1971, is a single span structure that carries Hwy 9 over Greenock Creek. The existing abutments are founded on H-Pile foundations that according to the original construction contract drawings are approximately 8 metres in length and installed at 1:4 and 1:8 batters. The subsurface conditions at the site consist of clayey silt to silt underlain by silty sand with gravel. The groundwater table is at or near the ground surface. The relative density of the subsoils is loose to dense in the surficial 3 to 5 metres and becoming very dense below these depths. This paper describes the process of evaluation of the capacity, integrity and durability of the existing steel HP310x79 H-piles. A comprehensive programme was planned, organized, and implemented that included exploratory boreholes to verify the subsurface conditions, retrieval of soil samples to determine the corrosivity of the soil and groundwater around the piles in order to assess the degree of corrosivity and geophysical testing including parallel seismic and borehole magnetometer testing to estimate the embedment lengths of the existing steel piles. The results of this investigation were used to assess if the existing steel pile foundations can carry the new superstructure loads for another 75 years.","PeriodicalId":42902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86716290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of reference specimens for nondestructive evaluation of concrete bridge decks","authors":"Hoda Azari, Sadegh Shams, Christian Köpp, Juri Timofeev, E. Niederleithinger","doi":"10.1680/jfoen.21.00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.21.00030","url":null,"abstract":"Decades of nondestructive evaluation for the quality assurance of concrete bridges revealed the necessity of developing procedures to build reference specimens for different defects. External objects have been widely used in specimen construction to represent defects. However, embedded materials vary the actual defect characteristics, interrupting the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) responses. This study proposes new approaches to fabricating reference specimens for reinforced concrete that feature substantial defects, including cracks, delamination, honeycombing, and rebar corrosion, without external objects. As a result, realistic responses can be acquired to identify promising NDE methods for characterizing actual deteriorations. The procedures were produced with the intent of being reproducible in any laboratory. Destructive and nondestructive testing methods were performed to verify the effectiveness of the processes in creating defects. This study provides research laboratories with techniques for fabricating reference specimens to characterize defects and assess the performance of NDE technologies","PeriodicalId":42902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81673154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagonal corner cracks of slabs at end units of apartment buildings","authors":"Y. Kog","doi":"10.1680/jfoen.22.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.22.00004","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent reports about the occurrence of diagonal corner cracks of slabs at end units of public housing buildings were received before 1985. A forensic study was undertaken in 1985 to identify the causes of such cracks and the necessary measures to eliminate such cracks in all future public housing developments. The methodology of the study adopted was to carry out a detailed investigation of the cracks reported in five public housing buildings in different new towns all over Singapore. Schematic sketches and/or crack widths of such cracks at each dwelling units are reported for each of the case studies. The causes of such cracks were a combination of design and construction issues. After the implementation of remedial measures, the occurrence of diagonal corner cracks of slabs at end units of the newly constructed public housing buildings became significantly less common.","PeriodicalId":42902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Forensic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83182373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}