{"title":"Germany","authors":"E. Immergut, C. Wendt","doi":"10.1787/int_trade-v2018-1-13-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/int_trade-v2018-1-13-en","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an extended look at health politics and the compulsory health insurance system in Germany. It traces the historical development of the German healthcare system, characterized by its stability through a series of major regime shifts, including National Socialism, the post-World War II return to democracy, and the re-unification of Germany. Corporatist self-regulation has been a defining characteristic of the German system, but since 1989 elements of market and state-led governance have been enhanced, such as with the introduction of free choice of health insurance fund and elements of market competition among the funds, the pooling of insurance contributions into a central fund, and the introduction of substantial risk-sharing instruments. Despite the polarized left–right debate about introducing a universal citizens’ insurance versus a premium-based system, “grand coalition” politics have prevailed, with the broad contours of the German healthcare system being generally accepted and political competition focused on improving the already high quality of healthcare services.","PeriodicalId":428854,"journal":{"name":"Main Economic Indicators","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125106507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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