WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE最新文献

{"title":"A Mathematical Algorithm for Improving the Medical Image","authors":"A. Padcharoen, D. Kitkuan","doi":"10.37394/23208.2024.21.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23208.2024.21.20","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a hybrid model based on total generalized variation (TGV) and shearlet with non-quadratic fidelity data terms for blurred images corrupted by impulsive and Poisson noises. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed can reduce the staircase effect while preserving edges and outperform classical TV-based models in the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).","PeriodicalId":428295,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE","volume":"53 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140656787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Survey on the Data-Driven Approaches used for Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Walid Salameh, Ola M. Surakhi, Mohammad Y. Khanafseh","doi":"10.37394/23208.2024.21.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23208.2024.21.21","url":null,"abstract":"The current evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fueled by the massive data sources generated by the Internet of Things (IoT), social media, and a diverse range of mobile and web applications. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning become the key to analyzing these data intelligently and developing complementary intelligent data-driven services in the healthcare sector. The world witnessed many AI-enabled tools that contributed to fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic and accelerated with unprecedented accuracy the development and the deployment of many countermeasures. The main objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive survey on the role of AI and ML methods in the healthcare sector. The study offers cases on how AI/ML can arm the world against future pandemics. Specifically, the study presents all available datasets, the main research problems related to COVID-19, and the solutions that AI and ML technologies offer. Finally, based on the analysis of the current literature, the limitations and open research challenges are highlighted. Our findings show that AI and ML technologies can play an essential role in COVID-19 forecasting, prediction, diagnosis, and analysis. In comparison, most of the previous works did not deploy a comprehensive framework that integrates the ML and DL with network security. This work emphasizes the mandate of including network security in all COVID-19 applications and providing complete and secure healthcare services.","PeriodicalId":428295,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE","volume":"41 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus Disease with Infectious Latent and Vertical Transmission","authors":"H. O. Edogbanya, A. Oyem, John O. Dominic, J. M. Gyegwe","doi":"10.37394/23208.2024.21.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23208.2024.21.19","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B has become a major health threat because it is a life-threatening liver disease with an estimated 0.25 billion people suffering from this infectious disease worldwide. This paper presents a SLITR (Susceptible-Latent-Infectious-Treatment-Recovery) mathematical model that combines both vaccination and treatment as a means of controlling the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the HBV transmission capacities were resolved and the basic reproduction number R0 computed using the next generation matrix method and simulated numerically using the Runge-Kutta fourth order scheme implemented using MatLab. The stability points for disease-free equilibrium state (DFE), endemic equilibrium state (EE), and basic reproduction number R0 were obtained and the results show that the disease-free equilibrium was both locally and globally asymptotically stable (R0<1) . Similarly, treatment or vaccine administered was effective in alleviating the spread of HBV disease, and when both control strategies are combined, the diseases are quickly controlled and eventually eradicated.","PeriodicalId":428295,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Backpack Loads on the Timing of Cardiopulmonary Response in Healthy Men","authors":"Chungil Lee, Jiho Choi, Hojoon Jo, Jiyeon Lee, Dongyeop Lee, Jiheon Hong, Jaeho Yu, Seonggil Kim, Jinseop Kim","doi":"10.37394/23208.2024.21.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23208.2024.21.18","url":null,"abstract":"The backpack used commonly affects posture and physical performance, resulting in increased oxygen uptake and energy expenditure. The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of the chest loads on the reaching time of the cardiopulmonary response. Seventeen healthy men participants were monitored for cardiopulmonary function continuously during walking exercise with the Ramp protocol and recorded the time taken to reach THR, VO2 peak, RR Difference, maximal METs, maximal FECO2, and minimum FEO2. During the exercise test, subjects were instructed to carry a backpack loaded at no load, 5%, 10%, and 15% body weight in random order. There was a significant difference in the time to reach the THR, the oxygen intake peak time, the maximum metabolic equivalent time, the respiratory rate increase, the minimum oxygen amount, and the maximum carbon dioxide amount at no load and more than 5% load. However, no significant difference was found between the loads. It is thought that even a 5% backpack load of one's body weight can impose on cardiopulmonary energy costs, and this is thought to help improve training programs with a gradual increase in mechanical chest load.","PeriodicalId":428295,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Transfer Learning based Deep CNN Paradigm for Brain Tumor Classification","authors":"Neha Bhardwaj, Meenakshi Sood, Ss Gill","doi":"10.37394/23208.2024.21.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23208.2024.21.17","url":null,"abstract":"Brain tumor is a fatal illness causing worldwide fatalities. The existing neuroimaging modalities to detect brain tumors are invasive and are observer-biased. Automatic CAD frameworks using sophisticated AI techniques lessen human intervention and can effectively handle large amounts of data. Automatic CAD frameworks using Machine learning techniques require the use of time-consuming and error-prone manual feature extraction procedures. Deep learning techniques involve automatic feature extraction; hence, appreciable classification results are attained quickly. However, training DL models from scratch takes a significant investment of time, money, and large datasets, which are difficult to attain in the medical domain. Therefore, the trade-off is utilizing the well exhaustively learned models like VGG16, VGG19, AlexNet, etc. to design a novel framework for the classification of brain tumors. The paper aims to develop a CNN-based deep learning framework by fine-tuning the pre-trained VGG16 architecture via transfer learning for brain tumor detection. The designed framework employing the transfer-learning technique gives better results with less data in less time. The brain tumor binary classification using brain MR images using transfer learning achieved an appreciable accuracy of 97%. The training and validation accuracy obtained was 100% and 97%, respectively, with 30 epochs. The loss for classification was as low as 0.0059% and the run time of 32ms/step time, much less than the existing models.","PeriodicalId":428295,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE","volume":"20 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer Activity of the Thai Herbal Formula “Kerra” Versus Afatinib and Doxorubicin In Vitro","authors":"Chatchaya Nangsue, Pussadee Srathong, K. Choowongkomon, Keeratikorn Promnikorn, C. Tocharus","doi":"10.37394/23208.2024.21.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23208.2024.21.16","url":null,"abstract":"One of the greatest challenges impeding the achievement of global health goals and afflicting millions of people each year is cancer. Prevailing cancer treatment options come with inherent risks, and significant adverse effects, and can result in financial burdens. Nowadays, many turn to alternative medicine, which have played an integral part in the treatment of a myriad of diseases especially when other approaches are ineffective or unable to be deployed. However, an opulent number of herbs seldom have reliable evidence derived from research to support their claims of phytochemical properties contributing to the alleviation of illnesses. Kerra is a Thai herbal formula that possesses immunomodulatory properties and anti-tumor activities which provides a safe, efficacious, and holistic treatment for cancer. Kerra offers therapeutic benefits without resulting in severe adverse effects, ameliorates overall welfare and quality of life for advanced care patients, and is cost-effective, allowing them to be vastly accessible for widespread use, particularly in areas facing disparities due to insufficient economic stability. This study explores the in vitro anticancer effect of the Kerra formula utilizing cytotoxicity assays on six cancer cell lines, compared to afatinib, a targeted therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma, and doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent. Anticancer activity was determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were calculated for the A431, A549, HepG2, HCT-116, NCI-H1975, MCF-7, and HeLa cell lines. Kerra showed the best effectiveness against HCT-116 and A431. The IC50 values showing inhibition of the growth of colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116 cell line) by Kerra, afatinib, and doxorubicin are 72.96, 3.574, and 63.39 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values for inhibition of epidermoid carcinoma (A431 cell line) by Kerra and afatinib are 96.1 and 2.449 µg/ml, respectively. The findings revealed the Kerra extract can inhibit the growth of different types of cancer cells. From our results, Kerra may be advantageous to use in conjunction with conventional cancer interventions, offer an economical solution, and improve the quality of life remarkably for end-stage cancer patients by mitigating severe adverse events.","PeriodicalId":428295,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE","volume":"221 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140790240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Natural Language Understanding System for Dealing with the Sequencing Problem in Simulating Brain Damage","authors":"Ioannis Giachos, Eleni Batzaki, E. Papakitsos, Michail G. Papoutsidakis, Nikolaos Laskaris","doi":"10.37394/23208.2024.21.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23208.2024.21.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an attempt to show how a Human-Robot Interface (HRI) system in the Greek language can help people with brain damage in speech and its related perception issues. This proposal is not the product of research conducted on how to treat brain injuries. It is a conclusion stemming from research on intelligent Human-Robot interfaces, as a part of Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing, which approaches the processing and understanding of natural language with specific methods. For the same reason, experiments on real patients have not been conducted. Thus, this paper does not propose a competing method, but a method for further study. Since it is referring to a very general and quite complex issue, an approach is presented here for the Sequencing problem. A person with such a problem cannot hierarchically organize the tasks needed to be performed. This Hierarchy has to do with both time and practicality. The particular problem here, as much as the innovation of our approach, lies not when there are explicit temporally defined instructions, but in the ability to derive these temporal values through the person’s perception from more vague temporal references. The present approach is developed based on our related previous works for deploying a robotic system that relies on Hole Semantics and the OMAS-III computational model as a grammatical formalism for its communication with humans.","PeriodicalId":428295,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE","volume":"50 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Implementation of a Susceptible - Infected - Recovered (SIR) Mathematical Model of Covid-19 Disease in Nigeria","authors":"Ogunlade Temitope Olu, Ogunmiloro Oluwatayo Michael, F. S. Emmanuel, O. O. Israel, Oluwayemi Matthew Olanrewaju, Okoro Joshua Otonritse, Olatunji Sunday Olufemi","doi":"10.37394/23208.2024.21.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23208.2024.21.7","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examine the dynamics of the Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) model in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Nigeria during the year 2020. The model is validated by fitting it to data on the prevalence and active cases of COVID-19, sourced from a government agency responsible for disease control. Utilizing the parameters associated with the disease prevalence, we calculate the basic reproduction number 𝑅𝑐𝑟, revealing its approximate value as 10.84. This suggests an average infection rate of around 10 human individuals, indicating the endemic nature of the disease in Nigeria. The impact of variation of recovery rate via treatment is examined, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing disease prevalence when 𝑅𝑐𝑟 is below or above unity. To numerically implement the model, we employ the Sumudu Decomposition Method (SDM) and compare its results with the widely used Runge–Kutta fourth-order (RK4) method, implemented through the Maple software. Our findings indicate a mutual efficiency and convergence between the two methods, providing a comprehensive understanding of the COVID-19 dynamics in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":428295,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Effect of Flow and Degradation on Hitting Rate of Mobile Nano Sensors in DiffusiveMolecular Communication Systems","authors":"Gaurav Sharma","doi":"10.37394/23208.2024.21.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23208.2024.21.8","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, an analysis regarding the effect of drift and molecular degradation on the average number of molecules received at the fusion center (FC) for a diffusive log-normal molecular communication (MC) system is undertaken. The effect of drift and molecular degradation simultaneously on molecular reception has not been examined exhaustively in MC literature. Therefore, by utilizing the log-normal distribution of the number of molecules hitting FC, we calculated the closed-form expressions for the average number of molecules received in a drift and molecular degradation-free scenario. Subsequently, we also analytically calculated the closed-form expressions for the average number of molecules received at FC for a drift-only scenario, and a drift with molecular degradation scenario, respectively. Numerical results highlight lower average molecular receptions at FC when the transmission media neither experiences drift nor molecular degradation. The drift introduction in the molecular degradation-free system significantly increases the average molecular receptions at FC. On the contrary, with the simultaneous introduction of molecular degradation, the average number of molecular receptions at FC is significantly higher. Finally, all the numerical results corroborate the derived analytical findings.","PeriodicalId":428295,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino Acid Composition of Cow's Milk of the North Caucasus Black-and-White Breed","authors":"V. I. Trukhachev, S. A. Oleinik, A. M. Ershov, N. Zlydnev, A. Pokotilo, V. E. Zakotin, E. N. Chernobai, A. A. Khodusov","doi":"10.37394/23208.2024.21.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/23208.2024.21.6","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the amino acid composition of dairy raw materials, as shown in numerous studies of domestic and foreign authors, is relevant for conducting breeding work on genetic improvement of dairy, optimizing the system of raising animals of various sex and age groups, including lactating cows to prolong the productive longevity period. The purpose of the research was to study the amino acid composition of the milk of cows of the black-and-white Holsteinized breed, considering genotypic, age-related aspects, as well as with an increase in cow milk protein content. Studies on the composition of amino acids in milk were carried out on cows of a black-and-white breed of a pedigree breeding unit of the Stavropol Territory, the Russian Federation. The obtained results showed that the amino acid content in the black-and-white cow milk in the conditions of the North Caucasus corresponds to the parameters characteristic of the black-and-white Holsteinized breed, while the ratio of essential and interchangeable amino acids, considering age and genetic factors, varies in the range of 0.945-0.951, which is typical for high-quality milk. It was also found that in the process of increasing the protein content of cows by 0.2 abs. percentage from a protein level of 3.10% to 3.30%, a more intensive increase in essential amino acids in relation to interchangeable amino acids is observed, while the ratio of essential to interchangeable amino acids statistically significantly (p<0.05) increased by 1.66%, which is of particular importance for planning measures for the genetic improvement of protein content herds of black-and-white cattle.","PeriodicalId":428295,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE","volume":"41 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}