Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies最新文献

{"title":"La Juventud de Puerto Rico y América Latina Opina (1993–2019) nacionalismo, racismo, machismo y cambio de valores","authors":"T. Calvo Buezas","doi":"10.1353/crb.2023.a905516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2023.a905516","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen:Este artículo presenta los resultados de la macroencuesta de valores, aplicada en 2019 a 11,322 estudiantes de América Latina y el Caribe (de ellos, 406 de Puerto Rico), a 1,041 cubanos y a 2,476 españoles. Estos datos serán comparados con otras preguntas idénticas que se hicieron en 1993 a 36,515 escolares latinoamericanos y caribeños (de ellos, 2,478 puertorriqueños) y a 5,168 españoles. Los temas que se tratan son nacionalismo, prejuicios, racismo, imágenes negativas y positivas sobre la colonización española en América, la confianza en las instituciones, opciones políticas y el cambio de valores en América Latina y Puerto Rico desde 1993 a 2019, en referencia al machismo, la moral sexual, religiosidad y el grado de felicidad.Abstract:This article presents the results of the values’ macro survey results, applied in 2019 to 11,322 students from Latin America and the Caribbean (406 from Puerto Rico), 1,041 Cubans, and 2,476 Spaniards. These data will be compared with other identical questions that were asked in 1993 to 36,515 Latin American and Caribbean schoolchildren (2,478 of them from Puerto Rico) and 5,168 Spaniards. The topics covered are nationalism, prejudice, racism, negative and positive images of Spanish colonization in America, trust in institutions, political options, and the change of values in Latin America and Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2019, about machismo or sexual morality, religiosity, and the degree of happiness.Résumé:Cet article présente les résultats de la macro enquête sur les valeurs, appliquée en 2019 à 11,322 étudiants d’Amérique latine et le Caraïbe (406 de Porto Rico), 1,041 Cubains et 2,476 Espagnols. Ces données seront comparées à d’autres questions identiques posées en 1993 à 36,515 étudiants latino-américains (dont 2,478 Portoricains) et 5,168 Espagnols. Les sujets abordés sont le nationalisme, les préjugés, le racisme, les images négatives et positives de la colonisation espagnole en Amérique, la confiance dans les institutions, les options politiques et le changement de valeurs en Amérique latine et à Porto Rico de 1993 à 2019, en référence au machisme ou à la morale sexuelle, la religiosité et le degré de bonheur.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78233217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stories from our Indian Elders: For a better future, know the stories of the past by Lenroy Thomas. 2021 (review)","authors":"Lomarsh Roopnarine","doi":"10.1353/crb.2023.a905518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2023.a905518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76770511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internalized Eugenics and Hygienic Codes in Puerto Rican Trap and Reggaetón","authors":"Glorimarie Peña Alicea, R. Sanchez‐Rivera","doi":"10.1353/crb.2023.a905515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2023.a905515","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Since the end of the 19th century, under the cloak of hygienic concerns, Puerto Rican elites have devised eugenic practices and methods in order to marginalize, manage, and control certain sectors of the population. Throughout the 20th century, these discourses have been internalized by the Puerto Rican population; reflections of which can be seen in popular culture, including trap and reggaetón. The purpose of this paper is to explore how hygienic practices (rooted in eugenic ideas) have permeated Puerto Rican society and, in turn, are replicated in trap and reggaetón as a way of gendering, racializing, and discriminating against certain groups. In an effort to identify these contemporary eugenic ideas, this article categorizes and analyzes current topics touched upon by trap and reggaetón singers such as Tego Calderón, Jowell y Randy, Anuel AA, and Bryant Myers, among others. Through categories such as desired body type, prospective partners’ ‘cleanliness’—in regard to ‘feminine’ and ‘personal’ hygiene—, potential contraceptive use, and the usage of racist stereotyping, we illustrate how eugenic ideas slip into contemporary understandings of gender and race in Puerto Rico. By performing an in-depth analysis of selected songs, we explore the ways in which ideas surrounding ‘race science’ have been normalized in Puerto Rican culture, demonstrating how these ideas connect to broader racializing and gendered processes.Resumen:Desde finales del siglo XIX, bajo el manto de las preocupaciones higiénicas, las élites puertorriqueñas han ideado prácticas y métodos eugenésicos para marginar, administrar y controlar a ciertos sectores de la población. A lo largo del siglo XX, estos discursos han sido interiorizados por la población puertorriqueña; los cuales se pueden ver reflejados en la cultura popular, incluyendo el trap y el reggaetón. El propósito de este artículo es explorar cómo las prácticas higiénicas (enraizadas en ideas eugenésicas) han permeado la sociedad puertorriqueña y, a su vez, se replican en el trap y el reggaetón como una forma de generizar, racializar y discriminar a ciertos grupos. En un esfuerzo por identificar estas ideas eugenésicas contemporáneas, este artículo categoriza y analiza temas actuales abordados por cantantes de trap y reggaetón como Tego Calderón, Jowell y Randy, Anuel AA y Bryant Myers, entre otros. A través de categorías como el tipo de cuerpo deseado, la “limpieza” de las posibles parejas —en lo que respecta a la higiene “femenina” y “personal”—, el uso potencial de anticonceptivos y el uso de estereotipos racistas, ilustramos cómo las ideas eugenésicas se deslizan en la comprensión contemporánea del género y la raza en Puerto Rico. Al realizar un análisis en profundidad de canciones seleccionadas, exploramos las formas en que las ideas en torno a la “ciencia racial” se han normalizado en la cultura puertorriqueña, demostrando cómo estas ideas se conectan con procesos de género y racialización más amplios.R","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72487677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brinsley Samaroo (1940–2023)","authors":"B. Brereton","doi":"10.1353/crb.2023.a905517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2023.a905517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87473451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Authoritarian Transitions in the Dominican Republic and Haiti: Political Detours and Dead Ends in the Quest for Democracy","authors":"E. Sagás","doi":"10.1353/crb.2023.a905513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2023.a905513","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:How come the Dominican Republic has become a stable electoral democracy while Haiti has descended into authoritarianism? Back in the mid-20th century, both countries found themselves on a similar plane, yet by the turn of the century their outcomes could not be more different, with Dominicans currently enjoying competitive elections while Haitians witness their country being gripped by political violence. This article examines post-authoritarian transitions in the Dominican Republic and Haiti after both nations endured lengthy neosultanistic dictatorships. The central hypothesis of this work is that although the Dominican Republic and Haiti followed similar historical paths in and out of neosultanistic dictatorships (those of General Rafael Trujillo and the Duvalier family, respectively), in the long term specific domestic factors and missed opportunities—combined with dissimilar international scenarios—led to vastly different outcomes on the road to democratization. According to The Economist Intelligence Unit’s 2021 “Democracy Index,” the Dominican Republic has become an electoral democracy while Haiti has recently been downgraded from a “hybrid regime” into the authoritarian category. As such, the nature of their post-authoritarian transitions, current political systems, and quality of democracy merit comparative examination.Resumen:¿Cómo es que la República Dominicana se ha convertido en una democracia electoral estable mientras que Haití ha caído en el autoritarismo? A mediados del siglo XX, ambos países se encontraban en un plano similar, pero para el cambio de siglo sus resultados no podrían ser más diferentes, con los dominicanos actualmente celebrando elecciones competitivas mientras que los haitianos ven cómo su país se ve afectado por la violencia política. Este artículo examina las transiciones post-autoritarias en República Dominicana y Haití después de que ambas naciones soportaran largas dictaduras neosultanistas. La hipótesis central de este trabajo es que si bien República Dominicana y Haití siguieron trayectorias históricas similares dentro y fuera de las dictaduras neosultanistas (las del General Rafael Trujillo y la de la familia Duvalier, respectivamente), en el largo plazo factores domésticos específicos y oportunidades perdidas —combinadas con escenarios internacionales disímiles— llevaron a resultados muy diferentes en el camino hacia la democratización. Según el “Índice de democracia” de 2021 de The Economist Intelligence Unit, la República Dominicana se ha convertido en una democracia electoral, mientras que Haití ha sido degradado recientemente de un “régimen híbrido” a la categoría autoritaria. Como tal, la naturaleza de sus transiciones post-autoritarias, los sistemas políticos actuales y la calidad de la democracia merecen un examen comparativo.Résumé:Comment se fait-il que la République Dominicaine soit devenue une démocratie électorale stable alors qu’Haïti a sombré dans l’autoritarisme? Au milieu du XXe s","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74844838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space Unmade: Hurricane Dorian, Autoethnography and Dislocation","authors":"Ian Bethell Benett","doi":"10.1353/crb.2023.a905514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2023.a905514","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper uses an autoethnographic approach to documenting some of the impacts of Hurricane Dorian on Abaco and the fallout. Within this approach, the paper employs concepts such as spatial and climate (in)justice, structural, and slow violence to explore disaster capitalism that results from a neoliberal state and its desire to dispose of those ‘less worthy’. The work builds on other disasters in the region and attempts to draw parallels between Dorian, The Bahamian government’s response, and the similarity it shares with other regional responses, though the groundwork had already been laid for a slow and silent dispossession and green gentrification.Resumen:Este artículo utiliza un enfoque autoetnográfico para documentar algunos de los impactos del huracán Dorian en Ábaco y sus consecuencias. Dentro de este enfoque, el documento emplea conceptos como la (in)justicia espacial y climática, y la violencia estructural y lenta para explorar el capitalismo del desastre que resulta de un estado neoliberal y su deseo de deshacerse de los “menos dignos”. El trabajo se basa en otros desastres en la región e intenta establecer paralelos entre Dorian, la respuesta del gobierno de las Bahamas y la similitud que comparte con otras respuestas regionales, aunque ya se habían sentado las bases para un despojo lento y silencioso y una gentrificación verde.Résumé:Cet article utilise une approche autoethnographique pour documenter certains des impacts de l’ouragan Dorian sur Abaco et les retombées. Dans le cadre de cette approche, l’article utilise des concepts tels que l’(in)justice spatiale et climatique, la violence structurelle et lente pour explorer le capitalisme de catastrophe qui résulte d’un État néolibéral et de son désir de se débarrasser de ceux qui en sont ≪ moins méritants ≫. Le travail s’appuie sur d’autres catastrophes dans la région et tente d’établir des parallèles entre Dorian, la réponse du gouvernement des Bahamas, et la similitude qu’il partage avec d’autres réponses régionales, bien que les bases aient déjà été jetées pour une dépossession lente et silencieuse et une gentrification verte.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87316124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Trump era and counter migrant smuggling: a new geopolitical order on the US–Mexico borders?","authors":"Nikolas Kouloglou","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2023.2174305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2023.2174305","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Trump administration decided to pursue a different set of policies toward Mexico compared to the previous administrations. Immigration and border security policies toward Mexico and the southern US border constituted a significant pillar of Trump’s “America First” concept. Due to the intensification of US immigration and security policies on the border, migrant smuggling increased significantly during the Trump era. However, there is little evidence of the impact that these policies had on the Mexican counterpart. What are the effects of Trump’s immigration and border security policies on the US–Mexico borderline? Drawing on qualitative data from interviews with high-profile Mexican officials, this article aims to explore the intersection of the impact that Trump’s policies had on the US–Mexico border and the migrant smuggling activities from the Mexican perspective.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59726242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal abortion in Ecuador: how the Constitutional Court decriminalized abortion in cases of rape","authors":"Esteban Vallejo Toledo","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2023.2165316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2023.2165316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ecuador has some of the most punitive laws on abortion in America. Traditionally, Ecuador has allowed abortion in two cases: rape against a woman with a mental disability and threat to a woman’s life or health. However, on 28 April 2021, the Constitutional Court of Ecuador decriminalized abortion in all cases of rape. In Case 34–19-IN/21, the Court determined that Article 150 section 2 of the Ecuadorean Criminal Code (COIP) unconstitutionally discriminated against women without mental disabilities who wanted to interrupt unwanted pregnancies resulting from rape. The implications of the Case 34–19-IN/21 decision are decisive because it advances women’s sexual and reproductive rights in Ecuador. In decriminalizing abortion in all cases of rape, the Court stressed that equality, nondiscrimination and human dignity must be the legislative guidelines of parliaments and also the limits to the punitive power of states. To explain these relevant aspects, this commentary follows a socio-legal approach to contextually explore Case 34–19-IN/21, report on the current situation of decriminalization of abortion in Ecuador and reflect on what could happen after such an important constitutional ruling.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental conflict and the expansion of renewable energy in Central America: exploring Canadian participation","authors":"Simon Granovsky-Larsen, Paulina Larreátegui Benavides","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2023.2166267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2023.2166267","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As capacity to generate and distribute renewable energy expands across Central America, environmental conflict is on the rise, with communities confronting dispossession of water and territory. Renewable energy holds a central position within the extractivist economic model in the region, but little is known about the involvement of Canada in Central American renewable energy sectors. This paper addresses that gap by asking what role Canada plays within a scenario of expanding and conflictual renewable energy projects across Central America. We combine Canadian public records with data from projects, including GeoComunes and the Environmental Justice Atlas, to analyze 726 renewable energy and 162 traditional extractive projects in Central America, and to connect 156 of these projects to evidence of conflict with surrounding communities. While Canadian private companies own very few renewable energy projects in Central America, we argue that this does not imply an absence of Canadian involvement. Instead, the paper explores Canadian participation at multilateral venues, support for energy projects by the federal government, and the benefits that renewable energy expansion presents to the Canadian private sector. The invisibility of the Canadian presence in Central American renewable energy, we suggest, serves to obscure Canadian responsibility for a scenario defined by high levels of conflict.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59726480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizens’ power in Latin America: theory and practice","authors":"P. Clark","doi":"10.1080/08263663.2023.2150015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2023.2150015","url":null,"abstract":"the police for their incendiary rhetoric. When Black working men such as Juan Vilar co-created labor discourse, they presented a de-Africanized image of the country from which the category of race vanished even as other colleagues shared or debated overtly racist ideas (p. 71). Building on cultural studies (Arcadio Díaz-Quiñones, Julio Ramos, Bianca Medina Báez), The lettered barriada unearths this alternative activism through Capetillo’s anarchist essays and the figure of Juana Colón, in which race, gender and occupation intersect. The community of Comerío remembers her as an illiterate laundress, an ironer and an experienced santiguadora, or barrio healer. Before marriage, Juana Colón labored on a coffee plantation. Her trade did not prevent her from giving speeches during the cigarmakers’ strikes in 1917 and 1919, which led to her arrest. Urban-based cigarmakers were among the most educated workers. In contrast, agricultural and domestic laborers were routinely forgotten by unions unless a major strike loomed on the horizon. The lettered barriada addresses the complex materialities involved in the creation of historical knowledge by disenfranchised subjects. The author shows that obreros ilustrados and obreras ilustradas can be seen as competitors to the archive of puertorriqueñedad imagined by elites and replete with cultural representations of the Puerto Rican nation. The book fits into the current debate on precarity as a shared condition under regimes of coloniality. I recommend this book for students, researchers and non-specialists with prior knowledge of Puerto Rican history, labor history, race, gender and citizenship, cultural studies or Caribbean and Latin American studies.","PeriodicalId":42747,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal American and Caribbean Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59725686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}