{"title":"Electrical and optical properties of Al doped Zno film prepared by spray pyrolysis technique","authors":"S. Shrestha, Pradeep Basnet","doi":"10.1117/12.799273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.799273","url":null,"abstract":"Transparent conducting thin films of zinc oxides and aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) were prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique using an aqueous solution of dehydrate zinc acetate (CH3COOH. 2H2O, pure- Merck A. R. grade) and hex hydrate aluminum chloride (AlCl3 .6H2O) on the micro glass slides. The prepared thin films are found to be highly adherent to the substrate and possess uniform conduction. The optical and electrical properties of the film were investigated in terms of different Al concentration in the starting solution and different substrate temperature. Four probe method in Van der pauw configuration was used for electrical resistivity measurements. The resistivity of Al doped film is observed to vary with doping concentration. The lowest resistivity is observed in the film doping with 2 at % [Al/Zn]. The Hall coefficient measurements show that both ZnO and AZO show the n-type conduction. The carrier concentration was observed to be highest at 2 at% of Al doping. The optical measurements of all the samples with aluminum concentrations was found to be >85 % showing the film to be highly transparent in nature. With increase in Al concentration, the optical band gap was observed increase from 3.27 eV to 3.41 eV.","PeriodicalId":426962,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop and Conference on Photonics and Nanotechnology","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123369973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear effects in fiber grating to nano-scale measurement resolution","authors":"P. Phiphithirankarn, P. Yabosdee, P. Yupapin","doi":"10.1117/12.799533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.799533","url":null,"abstract":"We propose the results of optical Kerr effects in fiber grating for the measurement resolution. When the high power laser is launched into fiber grating, optical Kerr effects are induced in grating region then the effective refractive index is changed depending on the input power. The results that are given by the mathematical simulation, have shown the relation between the reflectivity and Bragg wavelength. All results can be used to analyze and improve the resolution of measurement system for fiber grating sensors and its applications.","PeriodicalId":426962,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop and Conference on Photonics and Nanotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122551629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic displacement measurements with a dual-cavity fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer","authors":"S. Pullteap, H. Seat","doi":"10.1117/12.798958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.798958","url":null,"abstract":"An extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor is reported for use in vibrometric applications. The sensor operates on the principle of a \"virtual\" dual-cavity generated within the sensing arm due to the introduction of a birefringent element into the optical path of the sensing cavity. The resulting two sets of \"phase-shifted\" interference signals produced allowed non-ambiguous directional detection as well as improved resolution in displacement measurements. Experimental displacement data obtained using the fiber interferometer were found to be in good agreement with the reference sensor employed. The potential for overcoming polarization-induced signal fading is also qualitatively illustrated.","PeriodicalId":426962,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop and Conference on Photonics and Nanotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130824010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Verma, T. Ichimura, T. Yano, Y. Inouye, S. Kawata
{"title":"Toward single molecule detection through tip-enhanced near-field Raman spectroscopy","authors":"P. Verma, T. Ichimura, T. Yano, Y. Inouye, S. Kawata","doi":"10.1117/12.799265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.799265","url":null,"abstract":"When Raman scattering is excited from the evanescent light field created by illuminating the apex of a sharp metallic nano-tip, it achieves new aspects with strong enhancement of scattering efficiencies and super resolving capabilities. The primary mechanism of tip-sample interaction is electromagnetic, which is based on the excitation of localized surface plasmon polaritons. However, when the tip is close enough to the sample, typically at molecular distances, the chemical interactions between the tip and the sample become important. Strong temporal fluctuations of Raman scattering, including fluctuations of peak frequencies and peak intensities, together with extraordinary enhancement of several peaks, were observed. These temporal fluctuations, which are typical signature of single molecule detection, were attributed to the changes of molecular orientations of the sample molecules in the upper layer of the nanocluster, which got chemically adsorbed at the tip molecules.","PeriodicalId":426962,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop and Conference on Photonics and Nanotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133886725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Steady state numerical model of a Q-switched double-clad fiber laser","authors":"S. Zyabari, A. Zarifkar","doi":"10.1117/12.799261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.799261","url":null,"abstract":"The power density characteristics of a Q-switched neodymium doped double-clad fiber laser are presented. a steady state numerical model is developed to simulate this fiber laser. First, the mathematical model governing the dynamic behavior of the fiber laser is developed and then the equations are solved by the finite difference method. The results of the numerical simulation are used to determine the characteristics of the device such as the power density in cavity and out put power per input pump power.","PeriodicalId":426962,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop and Conference on Photonics and Nanotechnology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132338915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Widely tunable ultraviolet C generation using wavelength selective external high-Q-cavity and a blue laser diode system","authors":"C. Tangtrongbenchasil, K. Nonaka","doi":"10.1117/12.798952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.798952","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a second harmonic generation scheme using a nonlinear optic crystal and a multimode Fabry-Perot blue laser diode that has potential to generate widely tunable coherent deep ultraviolet at approximately 225 nm. Using the Fabry-Perot multimode laser diode with the sum-frequency technique, a high second harmonic power is hardly observed due to low conversion efficiency. In this paper, an approximately 1 μW second harmonic ultraviolet power at around 225 nm ultraviolet wavelength and approximately 6 nm ultraviolet wavelength tunability can be obtained using a multi mode blue LD chip, a nonlinear optic crystal, and an external high-Q-cavity setup.","PeriodicalId":426962,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop and Conference on Photonics and Nanotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132556051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Method for generating and measuring static and dynamic small forces","authors":"Y. Fujii","doi":"10.1117/12.798949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.798949","url":null,"abstract":"The author has proposed a method, the Levitation Mass Method (LMM). In the LMM, the inertial force of a mass levitated using a pneumatic linear bearing is used as the reference force applied to the objects under test, such as force transducers, materials or structures. The inertial force of the levitated mass is measured using an optical interferometer. In this paper, the previous achievement, the recent achievements, and the future prospects on the methods of generating and measuring the static and dynamic micro-Newton level forces based on the LMM are discussed.","PeriodicalId":426962,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop and Conference on Photonics and Nanotechnology","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122991211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of the optical constants and thickness of titanium oxide thin film by envelope method","authors":"N. Witit-anun, P. Rakkwamsuk, P. Limsuwan","doi":"10.1117/12.799420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.799420","url":null,"abstract":"Transparent titanium oxide thin film was deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering method onto glass slides and silicon wafer substrates. The film was characterized by AFM, XRD and spectrophotometer for film's thickness, crystallographic structure and transmission spectrum respectively. The film's thickness was, from AFM, found to be about 296 nm. XRD measurement shows that the film is crystallized in rutile phase. Absorption coefficient and the thickness of the films were calculated from interference of transmittance spectra. Optical constants such as refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) were determined as a function of wavelength over the wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm using envelope methods.","PeriodicalId":426962,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop and Conference on Photonics and Nanotechnology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114484557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Propagation characteristics of a random-metal dielectric film for an optical near-field generator","authors":"A. Utsumi, M. Fukuda","doi":"10.1117/12.798953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.798953","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation characteristics of a random-metal dielectric film acting as a propagating far-field light/optical near-field converter were investigated. A finite-difference time-domain method was used for the analysis of the characteristics, because of the complicated structure of the film formed with fused silica balls and silver paste. The propagating efficiency of the optical intensity was estimated, and two efficiency-determining factors were clarified; the optical coupling efficiency determined by the silica ball size, and the absorption determined by the silver layer between the silica balls.","PeriodicalId":426962,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop and Conference on Photonics and Nanotechnology","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123355524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fadhali, Saktioto, J. Zainal, Y. Munajat, Jalil Ali, R. Rahman
{"title":"Mode matching for efficient laser diode to single mode fiber coupling","authors":"M. Fadhali, Saktioto, J. Zainal, Y. Munajat, Jalil Ali, R. Rahman","doi":"10.1117/12.799264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.799264","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some analysis for the matching between the elliptical mode field of 1550nm high power laser diode with the circular mode field of the single mode fiber in order to obtain high coupling efficiency with relaxed misalignment tolerances. Three coupling schemes namely Butt, single ball lens and double ball lenses coupling schemes have been employed in pigtailing the butterfly laser diode module using laser welding technique with dual beams from Nd:YAG laser welding system for the attachment of coupling components. The process of fiber attachment to laser diode and welding of various coupling components, such as lens holders, fiber ferrule and welding clips have been performed in what is so called active alignment process, where the system continues measuring the coupled power during the process of coupling and welding of coupling components in their holder to each other and to the main substrate. It has been found that double ball lenses coupling scheme is efficient and more effective for mode matching of highly elliptical (large divergence ratio) laser diode mode field with the circular mode field of a single mode fiber, whereas for small divergence ratios the single ball lens is adequate.","PeriodicalId":426962,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop and Conference on Photonics and Nanotechnology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131273029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}