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Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems最新文献

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Consideration of the Scattering Effects in the Glass As a Participating Medium Using the Discrete Ordinates Method 用离散坐标法考虑玻璃作为参与介质的散射效应
Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/htd-24267
S. C. Rodicio, B. R. Torres
{"title":"Consideration of the Scattering Effects in the Glass As a Participating Medium Using the Discrete Ordinates Method","authors":"S. C. Rodicio, B. R. Torres","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/htd-24267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24267","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Three-dimensional radiative heat exchange in a commercial type of glass as a participating medium is predicted using the discrete ordinates method. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) is analyzed for an absorbing, re-emitting, and scattering medium enclosed by gray walls. The main objective of this work is to formulate the RTE in a three-dimensional enclosure represented by a rectangular glass furnace where scattering effects are considered in the prediction of the radiant intensity, temperature distribution, incident and emitted energy, and heat flux at the glass surface. A comparative study is performed for glass under scattering and non-scattering conditions. The influence of scattering effects in the radiant intensity will provide further understanding of their impact in the glass thermal behavior. Additionally, the results of a parametric study on the glass for different scattering coefficients, surface heat flux, wall emissivity, and the forward scattering are discussed. The S4 approximation of the discrete ordinates method is employed in this model.","PeriodicalId":426926,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123066524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling Large-Size Boilers As a Set of Heat Exchangers: Tips and Tricks 大型锅炉作为一组热交换器的建模:技巧和技巧
Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/htd-24231
C. Cortés, L. I. Díez, A. Campo
{"title":"Modeling Large-Size Boilers As a Set of Heat Exchangers: Tips and Tricks","authors":"C. Cortés, L. I. Díez, A. Campo","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/htd-24231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24231","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Practical calculation of the heat-recovery sections of large-size boilers is still based on approximate methods. On the one hand, CFD-based models cannot directly handle the geometric intricacy of tube bundles, and thus rely on volume-averaged source terms that demand empirical input. On the other hand, the standard, lumped heat exchanger calculation, which can be a far simpler and more robust alternative, fails in several important aspects, mainly related to the effects of thermal radiation and the coupling between several sections.\u0000 In this paper, we consider the diverse sections of a coal-fired utility boiler as a case study to show how to deal with these shortcomings. Under the objective of developing a simple monitoring method, we extend the traditional heat exchanger model to take into account most of the peculiarities of boiler superheaters, reheaters and economizers. Techniques range from the re-examination of analytical solutions to the auxiliary use of CFD calculations. The models are assembled to simulate the thermal performance of the boiler as a whole unit. Results are validated against actual measurements taken at a thermoelectric plant.","PeriodicalId":426926,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129704752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Heat Flux From Process Burners 过程燃烧器的热流
Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/htd-24254
R. Hayes, Prem Singh, C. Baukal, D. Foote
{"title":"Heat Flux From Process Burners","authors":"R. Hayes, Prem Singh, C. Baukal, D. Foote","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/htd-24254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24254","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper shows the effects of firing rate, excess air, and fuel composition on the heat flux profile from process burners as measured in large pilot-scale test furnaces. Firing rate and excess air had a significant effect on the heat flux profiles while the fuel gas blends studied here had a negligible impact.","PeriodicalId":426926,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125612549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Structures of a Laboratory-Scale Fixed-Frame Fire-Whirl 实验室规模固定框架火涡的热流体动力结构
Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/htd-24246
Mohamed I. Hassan, A. Helali, Kozo Saito
{"title":"Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Structures of a Laboratory-Scale Fixed-Frame Fire-Whirl","authors":"Mohamed I. Hassan, A. Helali, Kozo Saito","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/htd-24246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24246","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fire whirl is one of the most destructive phenomena in mass fires. To study thermal and fluid dynamic structures of a fire whirl in a laboratory, a fire whirl generator consisting of two vertically oriented split-cylinders were placed in an asymmetric position to form a compartment leaving two open slits in each end. A 5-cm diameter liquid pool fire was placed at the center of the compartment floor, the fire generated buoyancy flow moved upwardly, and fresh air entered to the compartment creating swirl motion. The visible flame height of the generated fire whirl was measured by a video camera, 2-D azimuthal velocity profiles at several different heights by particle image velocimetry (PIV), and the average heat flux input to the fuel surface by a Gardon gauge type heat flux meter.","PeriodicalId":426926,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126938746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Optimizing the Performance of a Fuel Induced Flue Gas Recirculation (FIR) System for Low Nox Boiler Burner Applications 低氮氧化物锅炉燃烧器燃料诱导烟气再循环(FIR)系统的性能优化
Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/htd-24228
Michael A. Lorra, Joseph D. Smith, W. Bussman, T. L. Webster
{"title":"Optimizing the Performance of a Fuel Induced Flue Gas Recirculation (FIR) System for Low Nox Boiler Burner Applications","authors":"Michael A. Lorra, Joseph D. Smith, W. Bussman, T. L. Webster","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/htd-24228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24228","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 New burner design technologies are using the momentum of fuel gas injection to entrain flue gas for the purpose of diluting the combustible mixture in order to reduce NOX emissions. Using an eductor, these designs entrain flue gas from above the convection section of a furnace stack and mix with the fuel downstream of the eductor. This diluted fluegas/fuel mixture results in lower local adiabatic flame temperatures providing a reduction in NOX emissions. Test results show that NOX reduction performance is strongly dependent on the mass ratio of flue-gas to fuel. An entrainment mass ratio of flue-gas/fuel typically ranges between 2 to 3 pound flue-gas per pound fuel, leading to a NOX reduction of approximately 50 to 70 % for boiler burner applications. The flue gas entrainment performance is effected by pressure drop through the upstream and downstream FIR piping system. This paper describes optimization of an existing FIR system not meeting initial design performance. To improve the entrainment ratio several tools were used to re-design and optimize the FIR system. These tools included Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), semi-empirical modeling and cold flow test results. A detailed description and discussion of the results are presented.","PeriodicalId":426926,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124357364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Numerical Simulation of Methane-Air Nozzle Burners for Aluminum Remelt Furnaces 铝熔炼炉甲烷-空气喷嘴燃烧器的数值模拟
Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/htd-24234
A. Mukhopadhyay, I. Puri, Serguei Zelepouga, D. Rue
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Methane-Air Nozzle Burners for Aluminum Remelt Furnaces","authors":"A. Mukhopadhyay, I. Puri, Serguei Zelepouga, D. Rue","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/htd-24234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24234","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A turbulent nozzle-mix burner, suitable for industrial use in aluminum remelt furnaces has been numerically simulated using FLUENT software. The burner has been modeled as a vertical axisymmetric arrangement of fuel duct at the center, surrounded by a coaxial annular duct of air. The ducts discharge into a confined environment, formed by a chimney, placed coaxially with the ducts. The effects of fuel velocity and air coflow velocity ratio on the flame height have been investigated. The flame height is found to increase with increase in fuel velocity for a given air-fuel velocity ratio and with decrease in air velocity for a given fuel velocity. The different flame height definitions found in literature give nearly identical flame heights for all the cases studied.","PeriodicalId":426926,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131958236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The P3 Micro Power Generation System P3微型发电系统
Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/htd-24283
C. Richards, D. Bahr, C.-G. Xu, R. Richards
{"title":"The P3 Micro Power Generation System","authors":"C. Richards, D. Bahr, C.-G. Xu, R. Richards","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/htd-24283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24283","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Work toward the development of a new MEMS power generation system, the P3 micro heat engine, is presented. The P3 micro heat engine is an external combustion engine, in which thermal power is converted to mechanical power through the use of a novel thermodynamic cycle that approaches the ideal vapor Carnot cycle. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power through the use of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator. A numerical model of the engine, SIMP3, is introduced. The model is used, first to illustrate the micro heat engine’s operation, and then to explore the optimization of the engine. The major parameters controlling the performance of the P3 micro engine are discussed.","PeriodicalId":426926,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128185335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
High-Temperature Electron Emission From Diamond Films 金刚石薄膜的高温电子发射
Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1116/1.1537231
S. Shin, T. Fisher, D. G. Walker, A. Strauss, W. Kang, J. Davidson
{"title":"High-Temperature Electron Emission From Diamond Films","authors":"S. Shin, T. Fisher, D. G. Walker, A. Strauss, W. Kang, J. Davidson","doi":"10.1116/1.1537231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1537231","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This work examines the electron field emission characteristics of polycrystalline diamond films at high temperatures. Diamond is an excellent material as a field emitter because its high mechanical hardness and chemical inertness enable robust reliability. Diamond is also a wide-band gap semiconductor, increasing the probability for selective emission of higher-energy electrons. In recent years, considerable interest has developed in energy conversion applications of polycrystalline diamond films. However, little work has been considered for the field emission characteristics of diamond at elevated temperatures. The motivation behind this study involves direct energy conversion applications in power generation systems, where high temperatures exist. N-doped polycrystalline diamond films were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD). To investigate the effect of increased temperatures on field emission, current-voltage measurements were taken from the same diamond film at varying temperatures. Results from these measurements indicate a decrease in the turn-on voltage with increasing temperature. Further analysis of the temperature dependency of diamond was achieved through the parameter estimation of the effective emitting area, field enhancement factor, and work function. These results suggest that high-energy electrons are responsible for improved emission at high temperature. The resulting possibilities for direct energy conversion via diamond field emission are considered and discussed.","PeriodicalId":426926,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127333786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Effects of Initial Diameter on Burning of Nonane Droplets in a Non-Buoyant and Buoyant Ambience: Burning Rate, Soot Formation and Flame Structure 初始直径对非浮力和浮力环境下壬烷液滴燃烧的影响:燃烧速率、烟灰形成和火焰结构
Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/htd-24237
J. Bae, C. Avedisian
{"title":"Effects of Initial Diameter on Burning of Nonane Droplets in a Non-Buoyant and Buoyant Ambience: Burning Rate, Soot Formation and Flame Structure","authors":"J. Bae, C. Avedisian","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/htd-24237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24237","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The results from nonane droplet combustion experiments conducted at 1g and μg are analyzed and compared in the following aspects: the burning rate, soot formation, flame structure. By varying the initial droplet diameter, we observe and discuss the effect of Do on droplet burning. The μg experiments were performed in a drop tower and a drag shield was used to create a low buoyant environment All experiments were fiber-supported and used the same experimental instruments. The droplet size between 0.40 to 0.95mm was examined in the experiments.\u0000 Results showed that droplet burning is nonlinear in both a buoyant and a non-buoyant environment for the initial droplet diameters examined. Soot formation, which is influenced by Do may strongly affect the droplet burning process in both environments. The large droplet produces more soot and bums slowly whereas the small droplet bums fast because there is less soot.","PeriodicalId":426926,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120811205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Review of Micro Heat Exchanger Flow Physics, Fabrication Methods and Applications 微热交换器流动物理、制造方法及应用综述
Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems Pub Date : 2001-11-11 DOI: 10.1115/imece2001/htd-24280
W. Bowman, D. Maynes
{"title":"A Review of Micro Heat Exchanger Flow Physics, Fabrication Methods and Applications","authors":"W. Bowman, D. Maynes","doi":"10.1115/imece2001/htd-24280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24280","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A review of the literature in the area of micro heat exchangers is presented to provide a concise overview of the recent advances in this field of study. The review is divided into six sections. The first section reviews research focused on understanding friction and heat transfer in microchannels. The second section deals with heat exchanger design, optimization and comparison studies. The third section deals with fabrication methods used for constructing micro heat exchangers. The fourth section reviews applications of micro heat exchangers. The last two sections of the paper deal with miscellaneous topics and other reviews on the subject. The total review focuses on advances made after the early 1990’s.","PeriodicalId":426926,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4 — Combustion and Energy Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133807689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
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