Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics最新文献

{"title":"Self-reported and performance-based disability measures have a different impact on the degree of social integration among older Americans","authors":"Rie Suzuki, Michael J. McCarthy","doi":"10.36150/2499-6564-n288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-n288","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. To examine the differences of self-reported versus performance- based disability on social integration among older adults, as well as the direct and potential moderating role of the physical and social environment on these relationships. Methods. Using data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study (n = 2,700), two indicators of disability (self-reported, performance- based), chronic health conditions, and home environment were examined as predictors of social integration using multinomial logistic regression. Results. Compared to older adults with self-reported disabilities, older adults with performance-based disabilities were less likely to be nonintegrated. The presence of chronic conditions moderated these associations. Home environment had a direct effect on social integration, although it did not account for disability-related differences in outcomes. Discussion. Careful selection of disability measures and the inclusion of physical and social environmental factors is important when investigating determinants of social integration among older adults.","PeriodicalId":42690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of family and social detachment on city-dwelling elderly demographic’s risk factors for malnutrition in South Korea: Social detachment and elderly’ malnutrition","authors":"Jeoung-Gyu Lee, Woo-Kyung Chung, Ae-Son Om","doi":"10.36150/2499-6564-n592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-n592","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. This study investigated the influence of social detachment and its associated factors on the prevalence of malnutrition in elderly residents of South Korean cities. Methods. We performed secondary analysis using the results of the 2020 Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Older Persons in Korea conducted on the elderly population, aged 65 or older, in 969 survey districts, totalling 10,097 people. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was performed to identify the step-by-step influences on the risk for malnutrition. Results. Based on the baseline survey, two-sevenths of elderly people living alone (ELA), one-fifth living with only their spouse (ELS), and one-fortieth living with children (ELC) were classified as at moderate risk of malnutrition, according to the criteria in the NSI (Nutrition Screening Initiative) Checklist. Physical (ΔR2 = 0.017 of ELA, ΔR2 = 0.026 of ELS, ΔR2 = 0.012 of ELC, p < 0.001) and cognitive impairment (ΔR2 = 0.002 of ELA, ΔR2 = 0.002 of ELS, p < 0.01) appeared to increase the risk for malnutrition in all living arrangements with age. Noticeably, contact with separately living children, as another factor of family social capital, appeared to be associated with a decreased risk for malnutrition in the order of ELA, ELC and ELS, as confirmed in the cross-validated estimates of ΔR2 (ΔR2 = 0.043 of ELA, ΔR2 = 0.01 of ELC, ΔR2 = 0.009 of ELS, p < 0.001). Conjugal relationships appeared to be more important than parent-child relations for nutritional care of the elderly population. Conclusions. The demographic of elderly people living alone was the most vulnerable, as two-fifths of the ELA population is at double or triple the risk of malnutrition than those living with a spouse or with children. In all groups, social detachment, excluding conjugal relationships, was found to be a significant underlying determining factor connected to malnutrition in the elderly groups investigated in this study.","PeriodicalId":42690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between grip strength and minimal clinically important differences in cognitive function in older adults with dementia in a long-term residential facility","authors":"Shigeya Tanaka, Tetsuya Yamagami","doi":"10.36150/2499-6564-n639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-n639","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Non-pharmacological approaches effectively improve cognitive function in older adults with dementia in institutionalised settings. We aimed to investigate the physical characteristics of older adults with dementia achieving a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) following interventions for cognitive rehabilitation based on exercise. Methods. This retrospective analysis included 25 participants with dementia residing in a long-term care facility who underwent group exercise in a quasi-randomised controlled study. We calculated the MCID on the MMSE using a distribution-based method. The rounded values of the standard deviation (SD) of the MMSE at baseline of approximately 0.4 and 0.5 were considered an MCID. Based on intervention outcomes, the participants were divided into MCID achievers and non-achievers. We compared changes in physical function based on grip strength, maximum knee extension strength, maximum 10-m gait time, and 5-m wheelchair driving time.Results. MCID achievers had significantly higher grip strength at baseline than non-achievers for both 0.4 × SD and 0.5 × SD. A multiple logistic regression analysis including age, sex, and MMSE at baseline revealed that grip strength was significantly associated with MCID achievement at 0.4 × SD (odds ratio [OR], 1.614; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.51) and 0.5 × SD (OR, 1.585; 95% CI, 1.04-2.42). Conclusions. The importance of measuring grip strength was demonstrated by considering the achievement of an MCID for cognitive function. Assessing objective changes using a distribution-based method may help evaluate rehabilitation outcomes. Higher grip strength at baseline was significantly associated with MCID improvement in the MMSE in institutionalised older adults with dementia.","PeriodicalId":42690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laying the Foundation for Developing an Item Bank Measuring Presby-function Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health","authors":"Liang Zhou, Chun Feng, Li-Juan Zhong, Jing Gao, Na Liu, Feng Lin, Zhong-Li Jiang","doi":"10.36150/2499-6564-n669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-n669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of exercise capacity by means of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in older adult cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic treatments","authors":"Antonio Carannante, Umberto Attanasio, Alessandra Cuomo, Paolo Parrella, Giacomo Campi, Martina Iengo, Francesco Fiore, Lidia Cicia, Ester Topa, Remo Poto, Giancarlo Marone, Luigi Formisano, Roberto Bianco, Chiara Carlomagno, Marco Picardi, Carminia Maria Della Corte, Morena Fasano, Erika Martinelli, Stefania Napolitano, Teresa Troiani, Nicola Ferrara, Pasquale Abete, Valentina Mercurio, Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti","doi":"10.36150/2499-6564-n638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-n638","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims. Functional capacity measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is extensively studied in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In the current prospective study, we aim at exploring the role of CPET in oncologic patients and at evaluating exercise capacity and its variation with the administration of oncologic treatments. Material and methods. We analyzed 77 maximal CPETs from older adult cancer patients and assessed exercise capacity. CPETs were performed before starting (t0), during (t1) and at the end of (t2) oncologic treatments. The main outcome was death for all causes. Results. CPETs performed at t0 and t1 showed a reduced percent predicted peak VO2, compared to CPETs performed at t2. In addition, at t2 we observed higher peak achieved workload and longer exercise time compared to t0 and t1. Intriguingly, achieved workload and oxygen uptake at Anaerobic Threshold were lowest in CPETs performed at t1, while Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) was higher in t1. Predicted Vo2/HR and oxygen pulse (Vo2/HR), were higher after therapy and lower during oncologic treatments. These abnormalities were even more evident in CPETs of patients who underwent anthracyclines-based treatments, and when comparing patients who then died later during follow-up (G1) vs patients who survived (G2). Conclusions. CPET can be useful to evaluate exercise capacity and muscular metabolic alterations in older adult cancer patients. The effectiveness of this technology in predicting survival or the increased incidence of cardiovascular events in cancer patients is not fully understood; further studies are needed to define the role of CPET in assessing the benefits of aerobic exercise and its potential “therapeutic” prescription in cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":42690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134916969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in cholesterol homeostasis associated with aging and with age-related conditions: pathophysiological and clinical implications","authors":"Marco Bertolotti, Giulia Lancellotti, Chiara Mussi","doi":"10.36150/2499-6564-n637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-n637","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in life expectancy is leading to a progressive rise in the percentage of older people in the general population, and consequently in the prevalence of chronic diseases, often leading to disability. Age-related modifications in cholesterol homeostasis, the increase in plasma cholesterol levels due to aging, represents a cardio- and cerebrovascular risk factor in adjunct to age itself. Direct knowledge about the pathophysiological alterations of cholesterol metabolism is limited. Clinical-experimental evidence about cholesterol lowering treatment suggests that the benefits observed in the general population are also observed in older age groups. However, patients enrolled in clinical trials often do not represent real-life clinical scenarios, limiting the generalizability of research findings. Issues of complexity and frailty are mostly inadequately addressed in published studies and guidelines. Further, effects of cholesterol itself and cholesterol lowering on cognitive function are still controversial. This narrative review focuses on current evidence about the pathophysiology and clinical implications of the relationship between cholesterol and aging. Some suggestions will be provided, underlining the need for careful, personalized evaluation of the patient’s functional status, along with clinical competence and geriatric skills.","PeriodicalId":42690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134916319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 impacts and interventions for older adults: implications for future disasters","authors":"Denise M. Mitchell, Andrea J. Henry, Richard D. Ager","doi":"10.36150/2499-6564-n622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-n622","url":null,"abstract":"The literature suggests that older adults have developed mental health problems and health challenges since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic-related isolation, job loss, lack of social support, the inability to access healthcare services, and financial distress increased stress, loneliness, and depression. However, a few studies have contradicted this hypothesis, reporting that older adults experienced fewer depressive symptoms than their younger cohorts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, older adults who experience depressive symptoms are at risk for detrimental physical, emotional, and social outcomes. Currently, limited research has addressed what types of interventions could prevent the occurrence or severity of COVID-associated depressive symptoms in older adults. This qualitative study aims to identify the impacts of pandemic-associated changes on older adults and realistic interventions that healthcare, community, and faith-based organizations could implement to support and reduce the severity of these impacts. Researchers interviewed participants (n = 14) recruited from a senior center in New York. Data were collected and thematically analyzed. Findings suggest opportunities to find connection, tangible assistance, medical resources, compassionate education, and grief support services are interventions that may buffer older adults from pandemic-related distress. Implications for social work practice, advocacy, and further research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":42690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134916320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between oral rehabilitation and nutrients intake in the independent elderly: a systematic review of the literature","authors":"Elisabetta Bellia, C. Monagheddu, V. Notaro, P. Ceruti, F. Bassi","doi":"10.36150/2499-6564-n561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-n561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48049679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posturographic study in older patients with instability associated with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a prospective analysis","authors":"Paula Peña Navarro, S. Pacheco López, S. Marcos Alonso, Cristina Nicole Almeida Ayerve, Ana Belén Alonso San Eloy, Juan Carlos del Pozo de Dios, H. Sánchez Gómez, S. Santa Cruz Ruíz, Á. Batuecas Caletrío","doi":"10.36150/2499-6564-n620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-n620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41954618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research, clinical and theoretical training among geriatric medicine residents in Italy: a nationwide survey","authors":"L. Soraci, Stefano Cacciatore, Enrico Brunetti, Davide Montini, C. Okoye, C. Trevisan, P. Finamore, Ilaria Parrotta, L. Bencivenga, M. Candeloro, Diana Lelli","doi":"10.36150/2499-6564-n584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-n584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}