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Export Enhancing Effects of Information and Communication Technologies: Evidence from Bangladesh 信息和通信技术对出口的促进作用:来自孟加拉国的证据
Asian Journal of Empirical Research Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.55493/5004.v12i2.4515
M. Islam, M. Haque, S. N. Islam, M. Alam, Abir Hassan
{"title":"Export Enhancing Effects of Information and Communication Technologies: Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"M. Islam, M. Haque, S. N. Islam, M. Alam, Abir Hassan","doi":"10.55493/5004.v12i2.4515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5004.v12i2.4515","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the impact of information and communications technology (ICT) on bilateral export flows from Bangladesh to its trading partners based on an augmented panel gravity model. It includes 108 importers of Bangladeshi goods. The sample period extends from 2000 to 2018. Primarily, we employ Pooled Ordinary Least Square (POLS) model, and we utilize Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) as an alternative estimation technique to check robustness. The findings from the OLS model indicate that ICT has positive and significant effects on Bangladesh’s bilateral export. The results from PPML also support the findings from the OLS model. Therefore, the results come out to be robust. These findings imply that by reducing trade-related costs e. g., shipping costs, market access costs, and communication and information costs, ICT growth in Bangladesh as well as in its trading partner countries enhances trade flows and therefore has a trade-boosting effect.","PeriodicalId":426560,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124512352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Information and Communication Technologies and Employment: Complements or Substitutes? 信息通信技术与就业:互补还是替代?
Asian Journal of Empirical Research Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.55493/5004.v12i2.4457
Ngouwouo Younchawou, Eric Mouchili Moumié
{"title":"Information and Communication Technologies and Employment: Complements or Substitutes?","authors":"Ngouwouo Younchawou, Eric Mouchili Moumié","doi":"10.55493/5004.v12i2.4457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5004.v12i2.4457","url":null,"abstract":"Information and communication technologies have changed the way in which a very large number of professions are exercised. As a result, digital technology can therefore contribute to the reduction or destruction of jobs and consequently to the rise in unemployment. Hence the fear of workers regarding the substitution of labor by machinery. Nevertheless, Schumpeterian theory maintains that technical progress generates opportunities for profit, and therefore investment opportunities, which when seized by companies are transformed into jobs. It is in the light of this controversy that the purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of information and communication technologies on employment in Cameroon. By applying the OLS method to data covering the period 1980-2016, the results reveal that ICT promotes job creation in Cameroon. Thus, we suggest to the Cameroonian government to create more favorable conditions for the development of ICTs which will have the positive externality of job creation.","PeriodicalId":426560,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129289225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innovation and Productivity in the Malaysian Food Processing Industry: An Empirical Analysis using a System Generalised Method of Moments Approach 马来西亚食品加工业的创新和生产力:使用矩方法的系统广义方法的实证分析
Asian Journal of Empirical Research Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.55493/5004.v12i2.4453
Sarah Nursyazmin Mohamad Kamal, N. Ismail, S. F. Sidique
{"title":"Innovation and Productivity in the Malaysian Food Processing Industry: An Empirical Analysis using a System Generalised Method of Moments Approach","authors":"Sarah Nursyazmin Mohamad Kamal, N. Ismail, S. F. Sidique","doi":"10.55493/5004.v12i2.4453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5004.v12i2.4453","url":null,"abstract":"The food processing industry was reviewed as a top priority for industrial development and targeted to lead greater growth in Malaysia’s Industrial Masterplan (NIMP). Leading to industrial development, this paper highlighted the relationship between innovative activities (R&D expenditure and ICT expenditure) and productivity with other variables like the presence of skill intensity, capital intensity, export intensity, foreign-owned firms and imported intermediate input. This hypothesis is examined for a panel dataset of the food processing industry in Malaysia from 2000 until 2015 (according to Economic Census- Manufacturing). Using a System Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) approach, empirical analysis suggests that innovators performed better than non-innovators in terms of labour productivity. Innovative activity and ICT expenditure along with skilled intensity and capital intensity seem to be the main determinants of subsector’s productivity, whereas R&D expenditure has mixed results from the estimation output.","PeriodicalId":426560,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128675734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Economic Determinants of Crime Rate in 7 Selected Countries: A Panel Data Analysis Approach 7个选定国家犯罪率的经济决定因素:面板数据分析方法
Asian Journal of Empirical Research Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.55493/5004.v12i1.4439
Noorishah Binti Shafiq, D. Ali
{"title":"The Economic Determinants of Crime Rate in 7 Selected Countries: A Panel Data Analysis Approach","authors":"Noorishah Binti Shafiq, D. Ali","doi":"10.55493/5004.v12i1.4439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5004.v12i1.4439","url":null,"abstract":"As the statistic of crime rates has become the main concern in any parts of the world, criminologists and policymakers have focused much in preventing crime rates from rocketing. This is where the economics of crime was generated. Thus, this study employs annual panel data from 2000 to 2013 to investigate the economic determinants of crime rate in 7 selected countries. The 7 selected countries are Honduras, Venezuela, El-Salvador, Jamaica, South Africa, Colombia and Bahamas. The methodologies used included panel unit root, panel cointegration, panel granger causality and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS). The result shows that all the variables are stationary at the first difference and are cointegrated in the long run. From panel granger causality test, there are three short run granger causality relationship exist that run from number of tourist arrivals to GDP per capita, from GDP per capita to unemployment rate and from unemployment rate to crime rate. In addition, the result of DOLS shows that there is a long run and positive relationship between unemployment rate and crime rate. Therefore, the government and the related agencies around the world need to cooperate with one another in providing or designing the best policy in reducing crime, especially in the case of homicide.","PeriodicalId":426560,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117241488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Linking Industrialization and Education in Sub-Saharan African Countries 将撒哈拉以南非洲国家的工业化和教育联系起来
Asian Journal of Empirical Research Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.18488/5004.v12i1.4423
Moutie Giscard Valery, Gladys Njang Che, G. Nkemgha
{"title":"Linking Industrialization and Education in Sub-Saharan African Countries","authors":"Moutie Giscard Valery, Gladys Njang Che, G. Nkemgha","doi":"10.18488/5004.v12i1.4423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/5004.v12i1.4423","url":null,"abstract":"Several works have studied the consequences of industrialization on macroeconomic variables. However, the relationship between industrialization and education has not yet been studied, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The objective of this study is to fill this limitation of the literature by analyzing the direct effect of industrialization on education in 23 SSA countries during the period 2000-2018. Moreover, we analyzed the indirect effect between the two variables through the transmission channels. To achieve our objective, we mobilized the Driscoll and Kraay methods and System GMM. The results reveal that there is a negative and significant relationship between industrialization and education. Moreover, urbanization and per capita income are transmission channels that contribute to mitigating this negative effect. Finally, our results show that the positive impact of the processing sector on education in SSA is conditioned by the achievement of a certain per capita income threshold and a certain urbanization threshold.","PeriodicalId":426560,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115299014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Board Diversity on Firms’ Stability: A Study on European Firms 董事会多元化对公司稳定性的影响:基于欧洲公司的研究
Asian Journal of Empirical Research Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.18488/5004.v12i1.4422
Farjana Nasrin
{"title":"Impact of Board Diversity on Firms’ Stability: A Study on European Firms","authors":"Farjana Nasrin","doi":"10.18488/5004.v12i1.4422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/5004.v12i1.4422","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of board diversity of firms on firms’ stability measured by Zscore corresponds to Altman Zscore related with firms’ default risk. To test the hypothesis, a linear regression model is used on a 6-year panel data set from the year 2013 to 2018 of 180 listed firms of 10 economic sectors of 22 countries. The empirical result shows that board size has a significant negative impact; diversity of board members and board independence has a significant positive impact on firms’ stability. Beyond the theoretical implications, it has some practical implications relevant with board of directors, managers and policymakers. The findings suggest that board size with proper number of board members with having diversity can improve firms’ value. Finally, this study offers specific recommendations on how firms may improve value and stability in order to optimize their own and society's sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":426560,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115304343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Government Transformation Programme on Government Investment: Evidence from Malaysia 政府转型计划对政府投资的影响:来自马来西亚的证据
Asian Journal of Empirical Research Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.18488/5004.v12i1.4403
M. Marzuki, Khalid Abdul Wahid
{"title":"The Effect of Government Transformation Programme on Government Investment: Evidence from Malaysia","authors":"M. Marzuki, Khalid Abdul Wahid","doi":"10.18488/5004.v12i1.4403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/5004.v12i1.4403","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to examine the effects of the Government Link Companies Transformation (GLCT) Programme in Malaysia on Government Link Investment Companies (GLICs) as the major shareholders of the Government Link Companies (GLCs). A series of semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key individuals from two GLICs in Malaysia. Our findings revealed that the existence of GLICs are still relevant as GLICs believed that their investments in GLCs are to protect the welfare of relevant parties of their institutions. The GLCT programme has not reduced the government’s share in GLICs, but instead it improved the governance and polished new talent management in GLICs. In addition, the study findings revealed that the improvement of GLICs after GLCT is due to effective leadership with good governance and integrity implemented in the GLCT. The findings are crucial to consistently enhance the effectiveness of Government Transformation Programmes (GTP) towards better performance among GLCs in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":426560,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129359185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports: The Nigerian Scenario 汇率波动与出口:尼日利亚情景
Asian Journal of Empirical Research Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.18488/5004.v12i1.4404
Innocent U Duru, M. Eze, A. S. Saleh, B. Uzoechina, Gabriel O Ebenyi, Ekechi Chukwuka
{"title":"Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports: The Nigerian Scenario","authors":"Innocent U Duru, M. Eze, A. S. Saleh, B. Uzoechina, Gabriel O Ebenyi, Ekechi Chukwuka","doi":"10.18488/5004.v12i1.4404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/5004.v12i1.4404","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the impact of exchange rate volatility on exports in Nigeria utilizing data from 2005Q1 to 2020Q4. The ARCH model and its extensions of GARCH, TARCH and EGARCH models and nominal effective exchange rate were employed to measure exchange rate volatility. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds test methodology was used to examine the short-run and long-run effects of exchange rate volatility on exports. The findings validated the presence of exchange rate volatility. In addition, the results revealed that exchange rate volatility had a negative and insignificant impact on exports. The study, thus, recommends that the government of Nigeria through the Central Bank of Nigeria should foster stable regimes of exchange rate through the implementation of appropriate policies of the exchange rate. Also, an enabling environment for the production of exportable goods should be provided by the government.","PeriodicalId":426560,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130729082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Long-Run and Short-Run Effects of Trade Openness on Life Quality in Sub-Saharan Africa 贸易开放对撒哈拉以南非洲生活质量的长期和短期影响
Asian Journal of Empirical Research Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.18488/journal.1007.2021.118.72.83
G. Nkemgha, Aimée Viviane Mbita, Symphorin Engone Mve, Rodrigue Tchoffo
{"title":"Long-Run and Short-Run Effects of Trade Openness on Life Quality in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"G. Nkemgha, Aimée Viviane Mbita, Symphorin Engone Mve, Rodrigue Tchoffo","doi":"10.18488/journal.1007.2021.118.72.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1007.2021.118.72.83","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the understanding of the other neglected effects of trade openness by analysing how it affects life quality in sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2000–2016. We used two trade openness indicators, namely: Squalli and Wilson index and the rate of trade. The empirical evidence is based on a pooled mean group approach. With two panels differentiated by their colonial origin, the following findings are established: the trade openness variable measured by Squalli and Wilson index has no effect on life quality in the both groups of countries in the short-run. However, it has a positive and significant effect on life quality in the both group of countries in the long-run. The use of the rate of trade confirms the results in the both groups of countries in the long-run. The contribution of trade openness to life quality is 3.27 and 5.19 times higher in the Former British Colonies than that recorded in the Former French Colonies of SSA respectively to the use of Squalli and Wilson index and the rate of trade. Overall, we find strong evidence supporting the view that trade openness promotes life quality in SSA countries in the long run.","PeriodicalId":426560,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116966048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on the Yuan-SDR Exchange Rate 宏观经济指标对人民币兑sdr汇率的影响
Asian Journal of Empirical Research Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.18488/journal.1007.2021.117.59.71
Debesh Bhowmik
{"title":"Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on the Yuan-SDR Exchange Rate","authors":"Debesh Bhowmik","doi":"10.18488/journal.1007.2021.117.59.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1007.2021.117.59.71","url":null,"abstract":"The paper endeavours to explore the macroeconomic impact on the Yuan SDR exchange rate of China during 2017m1-2021m6 to justify the internationalization of RMB which had entered into the SDR basket of IMF in October 2016.To evaluate the impact ,the paper used the methodology of Johansen (1988) cointegration and vector error correction model considering monthly Yuan per SDR as dependent variable and monthly GDP, inflation rate, foreign exchange reserves, export and import as the independent macro-economic variables. The pattern of trendline of Yuan per SDR is found nonlinear having cyclical fluctuations and seasonal variations according to Hamilton (2018). The paper also found that Yuan per SDR has significant long run causalities with export, import, inflation rate, GDP and foreign exchange rate of China during the specified period. Even, Yuan per SDR has significant short run causality with export only. The cointegrating equation converged towards the equilibrium with the speed of adjustment 11.83% per month significantly. The impulse response function of import to Yuan per SDR showed significantly convergent. The VECM contains autocorrelation problem and unit root for which it is non-stationary.","PeriodicalId":426560,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Empirical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134449513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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