Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Empowering Persons with Intellectual Disabilities Through Work/School Alternation: a Positive Case study","authors":"Zappella Emanuela","doi":"10.14302/ISSN.2643-6655.JCAP-19-2764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/ISSN.2643-6655.JCAP-19-2764","url":null,"abstract":"Entry into the world of work is an important moment for people with disabilities and for their professional inclusion. Using a case study, This research presents the project of school/work alternation carried out with a student with intellectual disability within a supermarket during the frequency of the last year in a higher institute in northern Italy. This study intends to describe the process and highlight the strategies used in this experience. The paper ends with an analysis of the factors that can favour a positive experience and which can be a starting-point for other, similar experiences. This experience shows that, with adequate training, people with intellectual disabilities can be protagonists of an experience that favors their well-being and social inclusion.","PeriodicalId":42655,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77460638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Behavior Affects Child’s Attachment-Related Cortisol Stress Response","authors":"F. Köhler-Dauner, J. Fegert, Buchheim Anna, Sabrina Krause, H. Gündel, C. Waller, U. Ziegenhain","doi":"10.14302/ISSN.2643-6655.JCAP-19-2737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/ISSN.2643-6655.JCAP-19-2737","url":null,"abstract":"Background Mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) are likely to transmit their own experiences to the next generation. This is highly influenced by the quality of maternal behavior that enables to buffer infant’s hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress. From a transgenerational perspective the research question is, if infant’s cortisol stress response is influenced by maternal CM experiences or rather by the behavioral pathways during the first year of life. Methods 53 mother-child-dyads were measured at 12 months of infant’s age in a laboratory visit assessing the maternal quality of interactive behavior using the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) measured during the strange situation procedure (SSP). Maltreatment experiences were assessed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). Salivary cortisol of mother and infant were collected prior to and directly, 15 and 30 minutes after the SSP. Results Infants of disruptive mothers showed a significant increase in cortisol (F (3; 147) = 2.897, p= 0.048) after the SSP compared to infants of mothers with sensitive caregiving. Maternal CM did not influence the infant’s cortisol stress response due to the SSP. However maternal cortisol response was altered by trend due to CM (F (1.392; 71.008) = 3.157, p= 0.066). Conclusions Our data indicate that infant’s cortisol stress reactivity is influenced by the quality of maternal behavior and not by the transgenerational transmission of maternal CM experiences per se. These findings implicate that helping mothers to improve their caregiving behavior may help to improve stress-reactivity of their infant.","PeriodicalId":42655,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74399640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Resilience\" - is this the new black in psychiatric health care and prevention?","authors":"Pernille Darling Rasmussen","doi":"10.21307/sjcapp-2019-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2019-004","url":null,"abstract":"Thousands of children have watched the Disney cartoons in which the main character mourns the loss of a loving and caring parent. A perilous and difficult time lies ahead during which the main character almost succumbs, but then meets friends and succeeds in the formation of healthy and enduring relationships. This is the turning point. In the end, the main character grows up to become a strong adult with a bright future. It is hardly conscious, but Disney has produced several movies that confirm an emerging realization in the research regarding resilience: a strong correlation exists between the relationships we have with our parents (or, in some cases, “significant others”) and how resilient we become to deal with life’s injustices later in life. In a review and concept analysis, resilience was defined as “the process of effectively negotiating, adapting to, or managing significant sources of stress or trauma. Assets and resources within the individual, their life and environment facilitate this capacity for adaptation and ‘bouncing back’ in the face of adversity” (1). It has further been suggested that adversity in itself is a vital part of developing a resilient mindset (2,3). Bell-Tolliver and colleagues (4) state that the “capacity to rebound from adversity, misfortune, trauma or other transitional crises” results in children who are “strengthened and more resourceful.” Altogether, this indicates that research may have focused too much on risk factors, and putting increased focus on potential protective factors may help identify the factors responsible for the appearance and facilitation of resilience.","PeriodicalId":42655,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology","volume":"7 ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5c/1a/sjcapp-07-004.PMC7863727.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25351488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self Determination and Quality of Life: a Comparison of the Measurement Scales for Students with Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"Zappella Emanuela","doi":"10.14302/ISSN.2643-6655.JCAP-18-2570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/ISSN.2643-6655.JCAP-18-2570","url":null,"abstract":"Self-determination is a key concept to promote greater self-awareness in the subjects with disability, to build appropriate educational or professional projects and to evaluate the already active programs. Using PRISMA checklist, I selected articles from different databases (CINAHL, Medline, Psych INFO, Cochrane Library, ERIC, Scholar. The 9 evaluation measures identified are analyzed with respect to: choice of the points of view to be collected, domains, items and data collection methods. The results show that while some scales focus on autonomy, empowerment, self-realisation and self-regulation and others focus on knowledge, skills and abilities, attitudes and beliefs. Two instruments added also: opportunities and support. With respect to the choice of the points of view to be collected: in some cases the student’s opinion is collected but in other cases their point of view is integrated or replaced with that of teachers and parents. Only one tool is designed for all children and starts from the belief that self-determination is important for all people, including those with a disability. A third element of the analysis is the possibility of answering the questions posed by the various evaluation tools. A typical form is Likert scale while in other cases open questions are used. The analysis highlights two critical issues. The variety of definitions of self-determination is inevitably reflected in the choice of domains and items and therefore self-determination is only partially investigated. Secondly the opinion and people with disabilities are sometimes completed or replaced by that of third persons as parents and teachers. Starting from the analysis of existing instruments. the article closes with a reflection on the possibility of constructing a scale that considers all the aspects of self-determination offered in the literature (at the individual and environmental level) and collects the opinion of all the subjects involved in self-determination projects. This synthesis represents a first step in the construction of a possible universal scale starting from the analysis of the literature. A comparison would then be necessary with the students with intellectual disabilities, the family members and the other actors involved to understand which domains are really meaningful to them and to build indicators that correspond to the elements that are important to them. In this way we would have a tool capable of combining the point of view of literature with that of the people directly involved.","PeriodicalId":42655,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76694504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multilevel Hazards Model for Child Mortality In Nigeria","authors":"Chukwu A.U, Oyamakin S.O, J. Ve","doi":"10.14302/ISSN.2643-6655.JCAP-18-2541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/ISSN.2643-6655.JCAP-18-2541","url":null,"abstract":"Many researchers have devoted considerable attention to the impact of individual-level factors on child mortality, but little is known about how family and community characteristics affect health of children. Trend in child mortality as well as its determinants, has long been the subject of academic and policy debates. In spite of this, the problem of child mortality remains as daunting as ever. In fact, advancement in medical sciences and the upsurge in information and telecommunication technology equipment have not significantly reduced child mortality in the country, unlike in the West.\u0000\u0000The Multilevel proportional hazards model for data that are hierarchically clustered at three levels was applied to the study of covariates of child mortality in Nigeria. This study merges two parallel developments of statistical tools for data analysis: statistical methods known as hazard models that are used for analyzing event-duration data and statistical methods for analyzing hierarchically clustered data known as multilevel models. These developments have rarely been integrated in research practice and the formalization and estimation of models for hierarchically clustered survival data remain largely uncharted. The model was estimated using the Newton-Raphsons numerical search approach. The model accounts for hierarchical clustering with three random effects or frailty effects. We assume that the random effects are independent and follow the Exponential and Weibull distribution.\u0000\u0000The results indicate that bio-demographic factors are more important in infancy while socioeconomic factors and household and environmental conditions have a greater effect in childhood. Furthermore, there is significant variation in child mortality risks even after controlling for measured determinants of mortality. Also, factors that fall under family and community level are more significant indicating that child survival is most controlled or determined by family and community factors and variables at the child level is not weighty. This suggests that there may exits unobserved or unobservable factors related to mortality.","PeriodicalId":42655,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86991988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation profiles and the barriers and facilitators that impact on participation of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders living in regional and remote Western Australia.","authors":"Shani Mattinson, Marita Falkmer, Melissa H Black, Sonya Girdler","doi":"10.21307/sjcapp-2018-018","DOIUrl":"10.21307/sjcapp-2018-018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous condition, influencing participation in activity and occupation. Approximately, 1% of Australian children have an ASD diagnosis, with many of these families living in remote and regional areas. Given the environments role in facilitating or hindering participation, there is a need to understand how geographical location impacts the participation profiles of children with ASD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to describe the participation profiles, and environmental barriers and facilitators to participation for children with ASD living in regional or remote Western Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 32 families completed a questionnaire pack including a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Participation and Environment Measure - Children and Youth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with ASD had reduced participation in community activities. Within the home, children most commonly participated in computer and video games, and in school settings, children participated rarely in non-classroom and extracurricular activities. Parents reported a desire for their children to decrease time spent engaging in video games and increase time spent in the community, socializing, engaging in extracurricular activities, and completing chores. Parents reported a number of barriers to participation across community, home, and school settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with ASD living in regional areas had restricted participation profiles and a number of barriers to participation as reported by their parents. There is a need for additional support and services in non-metropolitan areas for families of children with ASD to increase participation. This study also highlights the need to expand the definition of participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to include aspects of involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":42655,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology","volume":"6 ","pages":"170-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7852351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38848316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finnish schoolchildren's perceived health-related quality of life deteriorates remarkably with age.","authors":"Tarja Paakkonen,&nbsp;Heikki Paakkonen","doi":"10.21307/sjcapp-2018-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2018-014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Information on individuals' functioning and disability is needed for numerous purposes in social and health care.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of the study was to assess the perceived health-related quality of life of Finnish schoolchildren aged from 7 to 17 years. We were interested to ascertain if changes of health-related quality of life with age could be discovered.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The quality of life data (N = 4,776) were collected using <i>Revidierter KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen</i> (KINDL-R). The survey was conducted in several comprehensive schools using tablet computers. The response rate was 95%. The quality of life data are presented as means and standard deviations. The rating scale was 0 to 100 points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean of respondents' (N = 4,776) health-related quality of life points was 72.1 (SD 11.0). Family as a factor impacting on the quality of life scored the highest points 78.2 (SD 16.1), while self-esteem got the lowest points 62.5 (SD 17.9). Adolescent girls' school-related quality of life points were 60.2 (SD 15.0) and adolescent boys' points were 61.7 (SD 14.4). Lower graders' and upper graders' quality of life differed very significantly so that the ratings of the lower graders were higher than the ratings of the upper graders. Finnish girls' quality of life as a whole was poorer than that of Finnish boys. The physical and emotional welfare as well as the self-esteem of young Finnish girls were poorer than those of their male peers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The poor well-being of adolescents is recognized and accepted as a development-related phenomenon. Poor health-related quality of life experienced by adolescents may be interpreted as a symptom of a disease. Deterioration in health-related quality of life among adolescents should not be accepted as a development-related factor; that phenomenon should be further investigated and necessary measures taken to improve the quality of adolescent's life.</p>","PeriodicalId":42655,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology","volume":"6 4","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/30/sjcapp-6-4-152.PMC7852350.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38848317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric problems and quality of life in a clinical sample of adolescents: The role of peer relations.","authors":"Ingunn Ranøyen, Eva Gulliksrud, Marit S Indredavik, Frode Stenseng","doi":"10.21307/sjcapp-2018-019","DOIUrl":"10.21307/sjcapp-2018-019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The quality of peer relations is linked to mental health in childhood and adolescence, but few studies have investigated its clinical relevance. In particular, the potential mediating role of peer functioning in the associations between different dimensions of symptoms and quality of life (QoL) has not been sufficiently examined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In a clinical sample of adolescents, we examined peer relations in light of psychiatric diagnoses, as well as QoL and symptoms of mental health problems, with particular focus on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and ADHD. We also examined the potential mediating role of peer problems in the relationship between such symptoms and QoL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 603 adolescents (ages 13-18) referred to clinical assessment. Psychiatric diagnoses according to the criteria of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, were collected from participants' clinical charts. Symptoms of disorders, QoL, and quality of peer relations were measured by self-report questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescents diagnosed with anxiety/depressive disorder reported more peer problems and lower QoL than adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These findings were supported with symptom ratings. A path model with bootstrapping was used to assess the potential mediating role of peer problems in the association between symptoms and QoL, showing that peer problems partly mediated the relationship between emotional symptoms and QoL, but not the relationship between ADHD-symptoms and QoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improvement of peer relations may be a fruitful path for enhancing QoL among adolescents with symptoms of anxiety and depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":42655,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology","volume":"6 4","pages":"183-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f4/eb/sjcapp-6-4-183.PMC7703841.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25315834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further Evidence of the Diagnostic Utility of the Child Behavior Checklist for Identifying Pediatric Bipolar I Disorder.","authors":"Amy Yule,&nbsp;Maura Fitzgerald,&nbsp;Timothy Wilens,&nbsp;Janet Wozniak,&nbsp;K Yvonne Woodworth,&nbsp;Alexa Pulli,&nbsp;Mai Uchida,&nbsp;Stephen V Faraone,&nbsp;Joseph Biederman","doi":"10.21307/sjcapp-2019-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2019-006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric bipolar (BP) disorder is a prevalent and highly morbid disorder. While structured diagnostic interviews have been developed to aide in the diagnosis of pediatric BP disorder, these tools are lengthy, costly, and not widely available. One possible diagnostic aid is the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the diagnostic utility of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)-Bipolar (BP) profile to identify children with a diagnosis of BP-I disorder.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Subjects were derived from four independent datasets of children and adolescents with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and BP-I. Subjects were recruited from pediatric and psychiatric clinics and the community. All subjects had structured clinical interviews with raters blinded to subject ascertainment status. We used an empirically-derived profile from the CBCL consisting of an aggregate t-score from the Attention, Anxiety/Depression, and Aggression subscales (CBCL-BP profile) to operationalize the presence or absence of bipolar symptoms. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine the ability of the CBCL-BP profile to identify children with and without a structured interview diagnosis of BP-I disorder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample consisted of 661 subjects (mean age: 11.7 ± 3.3 years, 57% male, and 94% Caucasian). Twenty percent of participants (N=130) met structured interview criteria for a full diagnosis of BP-I disorder. The ROC analysis of the CBCL-BP profile yielded an area under the curve of 0.91. A t-score of ≥195 on the CBCL-BP profile correctly classified 86% of subjects with BP-I disorder with 80% sensitivity, 87% specificity, 61% positive predictive value, 95% negative predictive value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CBCL-BP profile efficiently discriminated pediatric subjects with and without a structured interview diagnosis of BP-I disorder. Findings suggest that the CBCL-BP profile may be an efficient tool to help identify children who are very likely to suffer from BP-I disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":42655,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology","volume":"7 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/03/sjcapp-07-006.PMC7521745.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38536882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion recognition from the eye region in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder in Arab and Scandinavian countries.","authors":"Sanna Kuusikko-Gauffin, Sherin Elsheikh, Sven Bölte, Manal Omar, Geylan Riad, Hanna Ebeling, Arja Rautio, Irma Moilanen","doi":"10.21307/sjcapp-2018-015","DOIUrl":"10.21307/sjcapp-2018-015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Difficulties in facial emotion recognition (ER) skills are linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in studies performed in Western and Eastern Asian countries. However, there is a paucity of research examining ER skills in Arab countries, where face-covering veils are more common than in Western countries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our aim was to examine basic ER and ER error patterns in Egyptian and Finnish children with and without ASD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We employed the eye-submodule of the Frankfurt Test and Training of Facial Affect Recognition (FEFA) and the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Arab children with ASD (n = 34, M age = 8.6 years, FSIQ = 96.7) recognized correctly fewer emotions than did Scandinavian children with ASD (n = 32, M age = 12.5 years, FSIQ = 102.8) and Arab typically developing (TD) children (n = 34, M age = 10.3 years, FSIQ = 123.4) in general and specifically on surprise, disgust and neutral scales as well as on a blended emotion scale. Scandinavian children with ASD demonstrated a lower ability to recognize emotions in general and specifically happiness than did Scandinavian TD children. There were no differences between Arab and Scandinavian (n = 28, M age = 13.9 years) TD children in ER accuracy. We found country specific differences in ER error patterns in happiness, sadness and anger: Arab children interpreted these emotions more often as another emotion (happiness = sadness, sadness = anger, anger = sadness and surprise), whereas Scandinavian children interpreted happiness and sadness as neutral expression and anger as disgust. Arab children with ASD labeled sadness and anger in their ER error patterns more negatively than did Arab TD children, but there were no differences between Scandinavian children with ASD and TD in ER error patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The differences between the Arab and Scandinavian children may reflect cultural differences in ER and ER error patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":42655,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology","volume":"6 4","pages":"159-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/07/sjcapp-6-4-159.PMC7703843.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25315429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}