Industrial Archaeology Review最新文献

{"title":"Structures of the First Industrial Age in Rijeka, Croatia — from Timber to Iron","authors":"A. Bjelanović, N. Palinić, M. Franković","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2060549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2060549","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The article describes the use of iron in industrial buildings constructed in the first industrial age in Rijeka. Since the middle of the 19th century, the structural use of cast iron in internal skeleton structures in place of timber created opportunities for improved functional design of these multi-storey buildings. The analysis of some buildings indicates a lack of experience in the application of new structural typologies, while in others it indicates experimental and innovative structural solutions which reflected the progress of science, technology and high-quality workmanship in that period.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"19 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48201162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scotland’s Tall Chimneys","authors":"James Douet","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2059195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2059195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":" ","pages":"76 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42159351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Soho Manufactory, Mint and Foundry, West Midlands: Where Boulton, Watt and Murdoch Made History","authors":"James Douet","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2059183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2059183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"72 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42165205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rode in the Industrial Age","authors":"P. Stanier","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2059191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2059191","url":null,"abstract":"This compact A5-sized guide is ostensibly for the industrial archaeologist but should also prove useful to local historians and interested members of a small Somerset parish. It packs in information about Rode, which is right on the border with Wiltshire and is often overlooked since it is avoided by today’s main roads. The first section introduces the parish, parts of which were once in Wiltshire. Rode lies between the two larger textiles towns of Frome and Trowbridge, and saw major changes in 1790–1820, after which decline set in. It is bounded on the west by the River Frome which supported at least five water-powered sites, notably fulling, weaving and dyeworks for the woollen industry. The main body of the book provides a guided circular tour by roads and footpaths, pausing along the way to describe the sites of interest. It is a delight to find the attractive village centre is dominated by the Cross Keys Brewery of the Fussell family which once employed 200 but ceased in 1962. Brewhouses, with two chimneys, and a boiler house survive, now converted to accommodation. Nearby, the Corner House is the former pump room for Rode’s medicinal waters of the early 1700s, when it was even advertised in the more famous Bath. Tucked in beside the brewery is the Methodist church of 1809. Clothiers’ houses include Southfield House of Jonathan Noad who owned two textile mills. At Townsend a factory or workshop is recognisable, now residential. Beyond the village and just outside the parish is Shawford Mill (no public access), a woollen mill and dyeworks once run by Noad, whose other mill was at Rockabella. Here are also the Black Dock Turnpike Trust’s four-arched Shawford Bridge and a tollhouse, with a nearby WWII pill-box. The walk passes the site of Scutts Bridge Mill, another water-powered woollen mill which an old photograph shows to have been quite substantial. Local tradition has it that the Royal Blue colour was developed here. Scutts Bridge, approached by holloways, appears to be a widened packhorse bridge. The Rockabella Mill and house survive as overgrown ruins, but at Rode Bridge is Rode Mill, a good survivor of a water-powered woollen mill, now converted to a pub and restaurant. The road over the bridge climbs Rode Hill, the line of a turnpike, where there is a cast-iron milepost opposite the Anglican Christ Church of 1824, ‘an amazing exercise in spiky Gothic’. Further stops include the site of a brickworks and Church Row, on the edge of the parish. Good use is made of selected extracts from historic Tithe and Ordnance Survey maps showing the layout of those sites where much has changed or vanished. The pocket guide format enables these to be referred to on the spot. This handy book is fully illustrated in colour, with good references and an index, and is a model for future publications of this type.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"76 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41511076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Further Phase of Archaeological Investigations at Swalwell Ironworks, Tyne and Wear","authors":"Rupert Lotherington, I. Miller, G. Mcdonnell","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2041336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2041336","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archaeological Research Services Ltd carried out an archaeological excavation of part of the 18th-century Swalwell Ironworks near Gateshead during the summer of 2016 in advance of a redevelopment of the site by Lidl UK. This explored a part of the ironworks immediately to the west of a previous excavation directed by Pre-Construct Archaeology in 2005, and has contributed significant detail to the overall record of this important ironworking site. In particular, the excavation in 2016 uncovered well-preserved structural remains deriving from the early 18th-century development of the site, including the western portion of Ambrose Crowley’s Grand Warehouse and its basement wharf, an anchor shop, a series of ancillary workshops and a curving water channel that formed the northern boundary of the archaeological site. Amongst the remains deriving from the later use of the works was part of a mid-19th-century crucible furnace. The excavation has also indicated that well-preserved archaeological remains are likely to exist beyond the western and southern limits of the excavated area.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"36 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44753159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"I. West","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2060548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2060548","url":null,"abstract":"At the time of writing—March 2022—most of the world is emerging from two years of serious disruption due to the Coronavirus pandemic. In the early months of this, the Editors of Industrial Archaeology Review saw an increase in the submission of potential articles for consideration, as authors found time during lockdown to complete work that had been languishing for a while. After that, however, the flow of material for publication has slowed significantly, as restrictions on access to sites, museums and libraries has stalled many archaeological projects. The Editors therefore express their admiration and thanks to the authors whose work is presented here, in bringing their work to completion in difficult times. Similar problems have often affected the work of peer reviewers, whose vital role in a journal like ours must, of necessity, pass unacknowledged, but is greatly appreciated. The five articles presented in this issue do not just reflect a great diversity in subject matter and geographical origin, but also demonstrate the range of different approaches that can be taken to understand past industrial workplaces and the lives of the people who inhabited them. We start close to home, geographically and conceptually, with the first of a two-part contribution from Roger Holden about the Linotype Company’s works in Altrincham, north-west England. The factory was built in the 1890s, designed by Stott & Sons who are better known as the architects of many of the region’s cotton mills. The technology of the printing machinery made in this works had been pioneered in the United States, and many of the machine tools employed were also imported from the US, as they were found to be superior to their British equivalents. Most significantly, this factory was one of the first in the UK to drive its machinery using electricity, generated by steam engines in the factory’s power house, rather than transmitting mechanical power around the site. The Linotype Works therefore illustrates industries in transition in several different ways. The second part of Roger’s contribution, scheduled to appear in issue 44.2 of this journal, will focus on the distinctive housing estate that the Linotype Company built to accommodate its workers. The Broadheath area, where the Linotype Works and its housing are located, is considered to be one of the first industrial estates in Britain. Issue 43.1 of this journal included a fascinating article about the transformation of the small coastal town of Rijeka, Croatia, into an important industrial centre during the 18th and early 19th centuries. The industrial buildings erected during that period relied heavily on massive stone or brick walls with internal timber structures, amalgamating local vernacular traditions with ideas copied from other countries where the process of industrialisation was more advanced. In this issue, the same authors, Adriana Bjelanović and Nana Palinić, joined by Marko Franković, describe the evolution of Rije","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45825377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digging Bath Stone: A Quarry and Transport History","authors":"P. Stanier","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2059182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2059182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"72 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46259592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Innovation and Industrial Decline: The Case of the Automatic Loom in the British Cotton Industry","authors":"K. C. Jackson, B. Pourdeyhimi","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2058855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2058855","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Designing an automatic loom that replenishes weft mechanically without operative intervention challenged the ingenuity of engineers and technologists from the middle of the 19th century until about 1970, when further development ceased in favour of shuttleless alternatives. Although well established in the United States for manufacturing basic cotton fabrics by 1914, and sufficiently well advanced for producing a wide range of fabrics by 1930, the diffusion of the automatic loom in the British cotton industry was sluggish until the 1950s. The reasons are best understood by examining the operational prerequisites, provision of which in Britain was confounded by longstanding rigidities in accounting policy and industrial relations at the level of the firm, and in strategic management at the level of the industry. At the heart of this was the longevity of the traditional non-automatic Lancashire loom, both in design and operation. The article is a counterpoise to the orthodox economic analyses that tend to be dismissive of technological constructs.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"48 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48605292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paid Casting Cleaning at Hopewell Furnace","authors":"B. Schmult","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2033460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2033460","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article characterises the work of paid casting cleaning at Hopewell Furnace, a charcoal-fired cold-blast iron furnace operating c. 1771–1883, in Berks County, Pennsylvania, USA. The uniformity of regional museum artefacts suggests that conclusions apply to the general south-east Pennsylvania region. Cleaning is shown to have consisted of sand removal, removal and limited dressing of protrusions (gate and fin), a significant amount of casting moving, and likely the extraction of castings from moulds. The work was similar to other unskilled work, involving strictly physical labour with a need to sometimes move heavier objects, and with a commensurate to slightly higher pay rate. Most cleaning was a side-line, and not all castings were cleaned ‘professionally’, the fraction being estimated between 36% (documented) and 58% (extrapolated). Most cleaning payments were by weight, almost exclusively at $0.75 per ton, with the remainder paid by the piece, or possibly at a fixed price for the entirety of the work. There is evidence that cleaners were mainly family and friends of the moulders. They were all white and mostly adult men.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"61 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48521540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intangibles in IA","authors":"I. West","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2059189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2059189","url":null,"abstract":"This compact A5-sized guide is ostensibly for the industrial archaeologist but should also prove useful to local historians and interested members of a small Somerset parish. It packs in information about Rode, which is right on the border with Wiltshire and is often overlooked since it is avoided by today’s main roads. The first section introduces the parish, parts of which were once in Wiltshire. Rode lies between the two larger textiles towns of Frome and Trowbridge, and saw major changes in 1790–1820, after which decline set in. It is bounded on the west by the River Frome which supported at least five water-powered sites, notably fulling, weaving and dyeworks for the woollen industry. The main body of the book provides a guided circular tour by roads and footpaths, pausing along the way to describe the sites of interest. It is a delight to find the attractive village centre is dominated by the Cross Keys Brewery of the Fussell family which once employed 200 but ceased in 1962. Brewhouses, with two chimneys, and a boiler house survive, now converted to accommodation. Nearby, the Corner House is the former pump room for Rode’s medicinal waters of the early 1700s, when it was even advertised in the more famous Bath. Tucked in beside the brewery is the Methodist church of 1809. Clothiers’ houses include Southfield House of Jonathan Noad who owned two textile mills. At Townsend a factory or workshop is recognisable, now residential. Beyond the village and just outside the parish is Shawford Mill (no public access), a woollen mill and dyeworks once run by Noad, whose other mill was at Rockabella. Here are also the Black Dock Turnpike Trust’s four-arched Shawford Bridge and a tollhouse, with a nearby WWII pill-box. The walk passes the site of Scutts Bridge Mill, another water-powered woollen mill which an old photograph shows to have been quite substantial. Local tradition has it that the Royal Blue colour was developed here. Scutts Bridge, approached by holloways, appears to be a widened packhorse bridge. The Rockabella Mill and house survive as overgrown ruins, but at Rode Bridge is Rode Mill, a good survivor of a water-powered woollen mill, now converted to a pub and restaurant. The road over the bridge climbs Rode Hill, the line of a turnpike, where there is a cast-iron milepost opposite the Anglican Christ Church of 1824, ‘an amazing exercise in spiky Gothic’. Further stops include the site of a brickworks and Church Row, on the edge of the parish. Good use is made of selected extracts from historic Tithe and Ordnance Survey maps showing the layout of those sites where much has changed or vanished. The pocket guide format enables these to be referred to on the spot. This handy book is fully illustrated in colour, with good references and an index, and is a model for future publications of this type.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"76 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45900855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}