International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"OBJECT BASED BURNED AREA MAPPING WITH RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM","authors":"Resul Çömert, Dilek Küçük Matcı, U. Avdan","doi":"10.26833/IJEG.455595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/IJEG.455595","url":null,"abstract":"It is very important to map the burned forest areas economically, quickly and with the high accuracy of issues such as damage assessment studies, fire risk analysis, and management of forest regeneration processes. Mapping burned areas with a fast and easy-to-use method and high accuracy will be a very useful tool for local forest management units. In this study, we developed the new approach, for mapping burned areas. In this regard we use the segmentation process to the image, then apply the random forest algorithm for obtaining the map of the burned areas. For this purpose, we use the Landsat 8 image of the Adrasan and Kumluca fires which occurred in 24 – 27 June 2016. The study consisted of four steps. After the multi-resolution image segmentation was performed on obtained image objects from Landsat 8 spectral bands, the image object metrics such as spectral index and layer values were calculated for all image objects. In the third step, a random forest classifier model was developed. Then, the developed model applied to the test site for classification of the burned area. The obtained results evaluated with confusion matrix based on the randomly sampled points. According to the results, we obtained 0.089 commission error (CE) with 0.014 omission error (OE). An overall accuracy was obtained as 0.99. The results show that this approach is very useful to be used to determine burned forest areas.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46133262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES IN DETERMINING OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL INDEX ON LAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECTS","authors":"Mevlut Uyan","doi":"10.26833/IJEG.422570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/IJEG.422570","url":null,"abstract":"Land consolidation (LC) is a tool to improve the processing efficiency of agricultural area and the promotion of rural development same time an indispensable application for the promotion of sustainable agriculture. In order to achieve the reallocation process after LC, determining the correct of soil index (SI) for each of the agricultural parcels is very important for the success of LC projects. Nowadays, interpolation methods are extensively applied in the mapping processes to estimate the SI at unsampled sites. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of three interpolation methods for the agricultural SI values maps with GIS technology for LC projects. The SI data were determined from 132 observation points. Three spatial interpolation methods Ordinary Kriging (OK), Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), and Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) were utilized for modeling the agricultural SI values. The results indicated that all methods provided a high prediction accuracy of the mean concentration of SI.In this study, although the best performed interpolation method was the OK, the results showed that the performance differed slightly among three methods. Results show that all the methods present a good performance in the estimation with RMSE (root mean square error) and ME (mean error) close to 0%.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46317899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATING LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGES USING LANDSAT-5 DATA AND REAL-TIME INFRARED THERMOMETER MEASUREMENTS AT KONYA CLOSED BASIN IN TURKEY","authors":"S. Ekercin, O. Orhan, Filiz Dadaser‐Celik","doi":"10.26833/IJEG.417151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/IJEG.417151","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multi-temporal land surface temperature (LST) changes of Konya Closed Basin (KCB) in Turkey using remotely sensed data. KCB is located in the semi-arid central Anatolian region of Turkey and hosts many important wetland sites including Salt Lake. Six Landsat-5 TM images selected from the 1984-2011 period were used in the analysis. A real-time field work was performed during the overpass of Landsat-5 satellite on 21/08/2011 over Salt Lake to collect coordinated temperature measurements using a handheld GPS and thermal infrared thermometer. All satellite images were geometrically and radiometrically corrected to relate the image data with in-situ measurements. Thematic LST images were used to evaluate the conditions over the region between 1984 and 2011. The results show that real-time ground temperature and satellite remote sensing data were in good agreement with correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.94. The remotely sensed and treated satellite images and resulting thematic indices maps show that dramatic land surface temperature changes occurred (about 2°C) in the KCB from 1984 to 2011. Analysis of climatic data supports this finding. Air temperatures and pan evaporation had significant upward trends from 1984 to 2011. Analysis conducted using both LST and climatic data prove that the basin has been experiencing drought in recent years. It is suggested that the use of water supplies, especially ground water should be controlled taking into account particularly summer drought impacts over the basin.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45642846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANN APPROACH FOR ESTIMATION OF COW WEIGHT DEPENDING ON PHOTOGRAMMETRIC BODY DIMENSIONS","authors":"Sakir Tasdemir, I. Ozkan","doi":"10.26833/IJEG.427531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/IJEG.427531","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was aimed to determine the body measurement of Holstein cows through Photogrammetry method and to estimate live weight (LW) by means of artificial neural network (ANN) using the body measurements. For this purpose, a camera shooting environment was formed in a dairy cattle farm where a large number of cows were kept. Firstly, digital photos of each animal were synchronously taken from different directions with Canon EOS400D photo taking units. At the same time, body dimensions, wither height (WH), hip height (HH), body length (BL), hip width (HW) of cows were manually measured using laser meter and measuring stick. LWs of cows were weighed by a weighing scale and the data was automatically saved on a computer. In the second stage, these photos were analyzed by the Image Analysis (IA) software developed in Delphi programming language and body measurements were computed. Manually measured values were very close to IA results. Finally, ANN system was developed by using these body measurements. This system was developed by using Matlab software. Weights which were estimated with the developed knowledge-based system and weighed by the platform scale were compared. The correlation coefficient was calculated (r=0.99). Consequently, there was a statistically meaningful relationship between the compared data. The developed system can be used confidently and the system on which experiments were performed can successfully be modeled.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42042653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA CLASSIFICATION IN COMPLEX URBAN AREA USING RANDOM FOREST: A CASE STUDY OF BERGAMA, TURKEY","authors":"Sibel Canaz Sevgen","doi":"10.26833/ijeg.440828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.440828","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data have been increasingly used for classification of urban areas in the last decades. Classification of urban areas is especially crucial to separate the area into classes for urban planning, mapping, and change detection monitoring purposes. In this study, an airborne LiDAR data of a complex urban area from Bergama District, Izmir, Turkey were classified in four classes; buildings, trees, asphalt road, and ground. Random Forest (RF) supervised classification method is selected as classification algorithm, and pixel wise classification was performed. Ground truth of the area was generated by digitizing classes into features to select training data and to validate the results.  The selected study area from Bergama district is complex in urban planning of buildings, road, and ground. The building are embedded and very close to each other, while trees are very close to buildings and sometimes cover the rooftops of buildings. The most challenge part of this study is to generate ground truth in such a complex area. According to obtained classification results, overall accuracy of the results is found as %70,20. The experimental results showed that the algorithm promises reliable results to classify airborne LiDAR data into classes in a complex urban area.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45170439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EDUCATION FOR REAL ESTATE VALUATION IN TURKEY","authors":"M. Ertaş","doi":"10.26833/ijeg.416336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.416336","url":null,"abstract":"In scientific terms, the real estate valuation is first started in Spain (to recover Castilian treasure from the bad condition) on 10 th October 1749 in the world. Later, the \"value\" concept came to agenda to cadastral legislation of all European countries. For this reason the \"value\" issue was added cadastral legislation to France in 1808, Germany in 1872 and Holland in 1810. The first study based on the cadastral valuation in the Ottoman Empire mentioned in the Cadastre Law dated on 5th February 1912, but has dealt with the technical and legal aspects of the cadastre without taking of valuation into account. After the Republic of Turkey founded, although some of the Cadastre Laws (10 th April 1924, 22 nd April 1925, 15 th December 1934, 15 th March 1950, 21 st June1987 and 22 nd February 2005) include the term ”valuation” again only the technical and legal aspects were used since they are not exactly evaluative. The first scientific studies on the valuation in Turkey was started to at Yildiz Technical University on graduate training and undergraduate training with the course called Land Valuation in 1978 and Real Estate Valuation in 1988. The studies remained at the academic level. Within the Customs Union agreement in 1 st January 1996 between Turkey and European Union, a great deal of foreign capital is started to enter into our country. Since there is no reliable, real time and correct records of the real estate values, some of the foreign capital owners were hesitated to enter our country. As a result, the need for the “honest people who can make valuations according to the scientific criteria” became obvious. Because of the applications of the foreign capital owners to the Turkish Government, the authorization of making licensing exams was given to the Capital Markets Board in order to find out the required valuers for the country. The need is partly satisfied by the licensing exams. However the necessity and importance of the valuation training in Turkey is started with these licensing exams. Today, valuation training is given at many universities (in associate, undergraduate and postgraduate degrees) in our country. The subject of this paper is on the quality and content of the training given in our country.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49193028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE RANGELAND INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR TURKEY","authors":"A. Akar, E. Gökalp","doi":"10.26833/ijeg.412222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.412222","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to identify the deficiencies of the rangeland information system currently used in Turkey and, as an alternative, design a sustainable rangeland information system. In the study, both the extent of changes that occurred over time in the rangelands and the factors that caused such changes were identified, and solutions were suggested to eliminate those factors. The rangelands located in the Akcaabat district of Trabzon province were selected as the study area. Land use maps were produced by using the object-based classification method. According to the results of change analyses made with this information system, it was found out that, from 1973 to 2012, a surface area of 159.8 hectares had been degraded, demonstrating that the current information system had not been successful enough in the management of rangelands. For that reason, a sustainable rangeland information system free from all deficiencies was designed.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45389129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SPATIAL SEMANTIC METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES TO MULTI-REPRESENTATION SPATIAL DATABASE PARADIGM","authors":"A. Memduhoglu, M. Basaraner","doi":"10.26833/IJEG.413473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/IJEG.413473","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the amount and variety of spatial data have increased dramatically. In addition, the web has made it easier to disseminate and share this kind of data. Therefore, spatial data integration and interoperability have gained more importance. Spatial data are collected from different sources and often heterogeneous in terms of the levels of detail and the points of view. To able to meet the demands of different spatial applications, multi-source and heterogeneous spatial datasets need to be integrated as well as the consistency of these datasets need to be maintained. In this context, multi-representation spatial database (MRSDB) paradigm has been suggested by researchers. However, the heterogeneity constitutes a significant barrier in this respect and hence the implementations have so far been remained within a rather narrow scope. In this article, it is mainly discussed about the possible contributions of basic methods and technologies of spatial semantics such as ontologies, semantic web and linked data to the data integration for creating a MRSBD. Some examples are also given to illustrate the concept.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45612447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINING OF DIFFERENT INUNDATED LAND USE IN SALYAN PLAIN DURING 2010 THE KURA RIVER FLOOD THROUGH GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TOOLS","authors":"A. Aghayev","doi":"10.26833/IJEG.412348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/IJEG.412348","url":null,"abstract":"Downstream of the Kura River is subject to frequent floods and residents living in those areas suffer from various consequences of flooding. As an example of flood damage assesment, the recent flood in 2010 was analyzed. Different archival, field survey and digital materials were used. Maps of flooded areas and the potential infrastructure in flooded areas were determined through ArcGis 10.2.1 software. Among all flooded areas, settlements and pastures had the highest share. The study proved that integration of various spatial data could greatly support flood damage assessment .","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42637849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OUTLIER DETECTION OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE: KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE REGION","authors":"L. Kuşak, Ufuk Fatih Küçükali","doi":"10.26833/ijeg.404426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.404426","url":null,"abstract":"Unplanned and rapid urbanization is one of the reasons for the rising surface temperature values in urban areas. There is a considerable amount of literature demonstrating the association of urbanization with surface temperatures. Kucukcekmece Lake, an important lake which has been meeting utility water needs of Istanbul, and unplanned and rapid urbanization around it have been affected by this inevitable change for years.  Although surface temperatures generally correlate strongly with each other, very high and very low temperature values should not be disregarded and need to be investigated.  The current study was conducted with the assumption that these values could be outlier values and thus they were analyzed using the Box Plot method for the selected region. Correlations between Land Surface Temperature (LST) values obtained for Kucukcekmece and its vicinity was examined using Landsat OLI images of June 20, 2016 and June 23, 2017, and LST outliers and regions with common outliers of/on both days were determined. In the study, 310 LST outliers were identified for June 20, 2016 and 34 LST outliers for June 23, 2017, and in both images, 33 outliers were found to be common and they clustered in two different buildings. The reasons for the outliers outside the standard surface temperature values and recommended solutions were discussed.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44275231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}