Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological features of the spread of novel coronavirus infection in the children of Chelyabinsk during the first 12 months of the pandemic","authors":"D. Vasilková, O. Abramovskikh, A. Pishchalnikov","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.2.25","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to assess and identify patterns of the spread and course of novel coronavirus infection in the children of Chelyabinsk during the first 12 months of the pandemic. Results. The spread of novel coronavirus infection in Chelyabinsk during the first 12 months of the pandemic had two waves of rising morbidity with peaks in June 2020 and January 2021. The peak of the first wave corresponded to the time intervals of the peak of the spread of novel coronavirus infection in children in the Russian Federation, the peak of the second wave was observed 1.5-2 months later. The received data seems to be the regional feature of the epidemiological process of novel coronavirus infection. There were no gender differences in morbidity. The average age of the sick children was 9 years. Most of them were school-age children. The asymptomatic form of infection was recorded in 33% of children, mild course of infection – in 57% of children, and moderate – in 10%. Among the children hospitalized with the symptoms of novel coronavirus infection patients under the age of one year accounted for 22%. The prevalence of novel coronavirus infection in Chelyabinsk among children was lower than in other cities of the Russian Federation comparable in terms of population.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129302097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypes of immune status in children with recurrent respiratory infections","authors":"O. Povorova, N. Titova","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.2.31","url":null,"abstract":"We have observed 98 children and evaluated certain laboratory parameters, including cell counts of peripheral blood, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, the concentration of the C3 and the C4 components of the complement, immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE) and circulating immune complexes of the serum. Leukocyte markers of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3-CD19+, CD3-CD56+, CD3+CD56+, CD3+CD25+, CD3+HLA-DR were determined by flow cytometry. In the group with reccurent respiratory infections, abnormalities of the humoral aspect of immunity were determined in 53.1% of children, with depressed IgA levels being present in 37.76% and a decrease in IgG – in 13.27%, IgE hyperproduction - in 11% (p <0,05). We have identified the main phenotypes of the immune status in children with reccurent respiratory infections – allergic – in 14.3%, immunodeficient – in 27.6%, infectious - in 6.1%, infectious-allergic – in 6.1% of children. Decrease in the level of B-lymphocytes and T-helper lymphocytes was found with a frequency of 16.39% each. 17.72 and 29.1% of children, respectively, had decreased indicators of the phagocytic index and phagocytic number, the C3 complement component levels were reduced in 8.75% of children, and 8.2% of children had a lower counts of NK cells (CD3-CD16 + CD56 +).","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128183857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenetic and morphological features in certain types of primary glomerulonephritis","authors":"L. Bondareva, L. Vykhristenko","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.2.69","url":null,"abstract":"The kidney, as an organ, quite often appears as the target of immune system dysregulation in the context of a primary or systemic disease. Glomerulonephritis (GL) is the most common clinical and pathological manifestation of this process. Currently, there is no unified view on the classification of GN. However, the study and recognition of the pathophysiological mechanisms of GN made it possible to determine the immunological features, biomarkers and genetic aspects of the disease. In the review, we update modern ideas about the genetic factors, etiology, immunopathogenesis of primary GN, and the variety of damage to each of the components of the glomerular filtration barrier, including the endothelium of glomerular capillaries, glomerular basement membrane and podocytes. Special attention is paid to the pathogenesis of various morphological forms of primary GN, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of the disease (markers of blood, urine, histopathological and genetic markers).","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124935243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy on cytokine concentration and sensitization to house dust mite in patients with bronchial asthma","authors":"E. Sidorenko, L. Vykhrystsenko","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.2.49","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is assessment of the effect of sublingual-oral and intradermal allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) on sensitization to house dust mite, concentration of class E immunoglobulins (IgE), and levels of interleukins (IL-5, IL-8, TGF-β) in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). Materials and methods. The study involved 80 patients aged 18-60 years with allergic and mixed BA who received standard pharmacotherapy (PT) and low-dose sublingual-oral ASIT (40 patients), PT and high-dose intradermal ASIT (30 patients), only PT (10 patients). The dynamics of skin sensitization and the level of IgE antibodies to the D.pteronyssinus mite, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-5 (IL-5) in blood serum were assessed after 12 months after the start of ASIT. The results of the study. Under the influence of intradermal and sublingual-oral ASIT, but not PT, the level of IL-8 decreased (p=0.007 and p=0.005, respectively) and skin sensitization to the house dust mite allergen D.pteronyssinus (p<0.001 in both ASIT groups), decreased the level of IgE antibodies to house dust mite (p=0.012 and p=0.027, respectively), the level of TGF-β increased with its initially low level (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion. Both ASIT methods induced immunological tolerance in patients, suppressing skin sensitization and reducing the production of specific IgE, and also exerted a modulating effect on the immune response by increasing the level of TGF-β.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125646227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the immune status in chronic hepatitis C in patients with lymphopriliferative diseases","authors":"V. Shardakov, E. Nazarova, J. Suchorukova, I. Dokshina","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor transformation of immunocompetent cells in patients with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases (CLPD) leads to the formation of secondary immune deficiency, which increases the prevalence of infectious complications. Whether the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the formation of chronic hepatitis (HCV) further weaken the immunoreactivity of the patient, remains poorly understood. The purpose of this work was to reveal the patterns of HCG formation in patients with CLPD with a detailed analysis of immune disorders associated with the chronicity of viral hepatitis C. Another aim of the study was to disclose the patterns of HCG formation in patients with CLP with a detailed analysis of immune disorders associated with the chronicity of viral hepatitis C. The comparative assessment of immunological and biochemical parameters was carried out in 110 patients with HCV (85 – chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 25 – non- Hodgkin lymphoma), with the presence of hepatitis C virus markers (n=20) and 90 patients negative for HCV. To identify intergroup differences, the method of nonparametric statistics was used: the Mann-Whitney criterion. Results. It was found that the group of HCV-infected patients is represented by younger persons compared to uninfected patients (median age – 44 years vs. 60 years, p=0.004). Analyzing the state of the immune system, we have revealed that regardless of the presence of chronic hepatitis C, all patients had a defect in both cellular and humoral immunity. The degree of immune deficiency did not have a direct dependence on viral liver damage. Moreover, in the presence of HCV infection, there was an increase in the microbicidal activity of neutrophils, as well as an increase in the expression of CD95+ on lymphoid cells. Cytokine levels during HCV contamination fluctuated in different directions. There was an increase in the level of ALT in the group of patients with HCV. Findings. The formation of immune deficiency in patients with CLPD is largely associated with the presence of oncopathology and practically does not depend on the presence of chronic hepatitis C.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131918991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokines in acute respiratory viral infections","authors":"E. Vetrova","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Human Respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are the two major etiological viral agents of lower respiratory tract infections, affecting mainly infants, pediatric patients and the elderly. Although the infection by either of the viruses trigger an antiviral immune response that mediate viral clearance and disease resolution in immunocompetent individuals, the promotion of long-term immunity appears to be deficient and reinfection are common throughout life. Coronaviruses (CoVs) comprise a polymorphic group of respiratory viruses causing acute inflammatory diseases in human animals. Until recently, this infection in humans was mainly observed during the autumn-winter period and characterized by a mild, often asymptomatic, course. The situation changed dramatically in 2003, when SARS outbreak caused by pathogenic CoV (SARS-CoV) was recorded in China. A decade later, a new CoV outbreak occurred in the form of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), whereas in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) cases were recorded, which transformed within the first months of 2020 into the pandemic. Such events were accompanied by production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with the magnitude elevating up to the state of cytokine storm.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132614442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergic rhinitis as a comorbid disease with Covid-19 infection","authors":"I. Shchurok, Y. Derkach","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.2.56","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common disease (28.3%) among allergic pathology. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is characterized by a variety of clinical conditions ranging from mild symptoms to severe pneumonia and death. Nasal and ocular manifestations are included in the number of possible manifestations of Covid-19, therefore differential diagnosis of AR and coronavirus infection is important. The penetration of the Sars-CoV-2 virus occurs through the nasal and oral mucosa; scientists have paid close attention to the local immunity of these mucous membranes. Respiratory allergies have not been reported as risk factors for SARS- CoV-2 infection. Intranasal corticosteroids have a dose- dependent suppression of the expression of both ACE2 and the transmembrane protease, serine 2. Respiratory allergy (AR, asthma) and controlled exposure to allergens are associated with a significant decrease in ACE2 expression. Patients with Covid-19 infection need to continue intranasal corticosteroid treatment at the recommended dose for AR, as more frequent sneezing after cessation means more spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The importance of adhering to inhaled and intranasal corticosteroid therapy, which will achieve optimal control of upper and lower respiratory tract diseases, and may also provide protection against viral triggers, including SARS-CoV-2. Allergic rhinitis is not a contraindication for Covid-19 vaccination.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133269427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of innate immunity factors and cytokine profile in patients with atopic dermatitis","authors":"S. Yudina, T. Rusanova, V. Kiseleva, A. Arkhipova, I. Ivanova, I. Makeevа","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.2.63","url":null,"abstract":"Аtopic dermatitis is considered a multifactorial disease, with immune disfunction playing the main role in the development and chronic course of the disease. The aim of this study was the assessment of the functional activity of neutrophils and the peculiarities of the cytokine profile in patients with uncomplicated and complicated forms of atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods . All patients with atopic dermatitis were divided into two groups: the first group included patients with an uncomplicated form of atopic dermatitis, and the second group included patients whose disease was complicated by secondary pyoderma. The functional activity of neutrophils was studied using the chemiluminescence method, the quantitative content of α-defensins and cytokines in the peripheral blood by the ELISA method. Results. Comparison of the functional activity of neutrophils revealed a decrease in their chemiluminescence in patients with complicated pyoderma form of the disease in relation to uncomplicated form of atopic dermatitis. The production of alpha-defensins was significantly increased in both variants of the disease, but was 1.5 times lower in the complicated form. The level of IL-4, one of the cytokines that determine the development and course of allergic inflammation, exceeded on average 2.5 times the indicators of donors, the content of IL-2, a key cytokine of adaptive immunity, was 2 times lower than the control values, which indicates a lack of adaptive immunity in these patients. Similar changes were found in the IFN-gamma indices, the level of which was 1.4 times lower than normal in both forms of the disease. Conclusions. Thus, in patients with complicated and uncomplicated forms of AD, significant differences were revealed in the functional activity of neutrophils, production of α-defensins and cytokine profile, more pronounced in patients with complicated pyoderma form of the disease. Determination of the level of α-defensins (HNP 1-3), IL-2 and TNF-alfa can serve as a prognostic criterion for the severity of the course of blood pressure and a personalized approach to treatment.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114544867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of the level of β-defensin-1 in the saliva of patients with oral candidiasis after CoVID-19 infection","authors":"A. Pozharitskaya, I. Karpuk","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.1.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.1.97","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to determine the level and clinical significance of β-defensin-1 in the saliva in patients with Candida stomatitis after a previous coronavirus infection. The object of the study was 67 patients with Candida stomatitis (of which 31 patients had a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus infection) and 23 patients of the control group without candidal stomatitis. Research methods: taking smears from the oral mucosa to confirm the diagnosis with a microbiological method, ELISA to assess the level of β-defensin 1 in the saliva. Аccording to the results of the study, in the group of patients with oral candidiasis (ОС) after COVID-19 (n=31), the most frequent was the chronic hyperplastic form of candidiasis (64,5%), in terms of localization – Candida glossitis (77,4%, p<0,05). It was found that the primary ОС in the group of patients after COVID-19 (n=31) was 74,2% of cases (p<0,05), and in the group of patients with ОС without a history of COVID-19 (n=36) this indicator amounted to 41,7%. Moreover, in patients in the group with ОС after COVID-19, the level of β-defensin-1 strongly positively correlated with the incidence of primary episodes of ОС (RSpearman=0,76, p<0,001). It was also found that the lowest β-defensin-1 level in saliva was in patients with ОС after COVID-19 (2,1±0,8 ng/ml, p<0,001). It was significantly lower (p<0,001) than in the group of patients with ОС and the control group. It was found that in patients with ОС after COVID-19, the level of β-defensin-1 in the saliva was negatively correlated with the duration of the COVID-19 (RSpearman=- 0,78, p<0,001), which can be interpreted as an objective indicator of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on epithelial cells of the oral mucosa.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124072981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of local and systemic production of pro-inflammatory, chemoattractant mediators and vascular growth factors in high-risk corneal transplants.","authors":"V. Neroev, N. Balatskaya, E. Chentsova, I. Kulikova, H. Shamkhalova","doi":"10.14427/jipai.2021.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to study the composition and content of proinflammatory cytokines, chemoattractant mediators, vascular growth factors in blood serum (SB) and lacrimal fluid (LF) in patients with KPHR. Materials and methods. A total of 106 patients with postinflammatory corneal spots and turbid transplant were examined. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy donors. Cytokines: IL-2, IL-18, MCP-1 / CCL2, MIP-1β / CCL4, RANTES / CCL5, Eotaxin / CCL11, IP-10 / CXCL10, SDF-1α / CXCL12, VEGF-A, VEGF-D, PIGF-1, HGF / SF. Results. The study of the levels of systemic production of immunomodiators in the groups of patients revealed significant changes in the concentrations of MCP-1 / CCL2, RANTES / CCL5, Eotaxin / CCL11, IP-10 / CXCL10, SDF-1α / CXCL12, as well as angiogenic factors VEGF-A and HGF / SF compared to controls. In the group of primary KPHR in the presence of vascularization, an increase in the production of IL-18, RANTES / CCL5, Eotaxin / CCL11 was observed. 1 / CCL2, VEGF-A, PIGF-1 and HGF / SF (p<0.05). Graft vascularization in repeated (2 and higher) corneal transplants (group II) was associated with significant increases in SC IL-2, PIGF-1, and HGF/SF (p<0.05). Analysis of cytokine content in the LF of patients with repeated KPHR and vascularized graft showed a statistically significant increase in IP-10 / CXCL10, MIP-1β / CCL4, SDF-1α / CXCL12, and VEGF-A. A retrospective analysis of the content of cytokines in the SB, depending on the outcomes of keratoplasty, showed a significant increase in the concentration of 7 out of 11 studied cytokines in patients of the KPHR group with various complications in the postoperative period, including those with a developed graft rejection reaction. Conclusions. It has been shown that the formation of vascularized corneal spots is associated with a significant increase in systemic production of IL-18, an increase in the concentration of chemokines with angiogenic activity RANTES / CCL5 and Eotaxin / CCL11 in the blood of patients with KPHR. During vascularization of the graft with repeated KPHR in the SB and LF, a unidirectional increase in the levels of IL-2, MCP-1 / CCL2, growth of VEGF-A and HGF / SF is observed. A factor in the development of graft rejection is the initially high concentrations in the SB of patients with KPHR IL-2, IL-18, chemokines RANTES / CCL5, MIP1β / CCL4, VEGF-A, PLGF, HGF / SF (p<0.05), indicating about the activation of pathological angiogenesis against the background of inflammation and an activated adaptive immune response.","PeriodicalId":425120,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125238533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}