{"title":"Pip-MPU: Formal Verification of an MPU-Based Separationkernel for Constrained Devices","authors":"Nicolas Dejon, Chrystel Gaber, G. Grimaud","doi":"10.5121/ijesa.2023.13201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijesa.2023.13201","url":null,"abstract":"Pip-MPU is a minimalist separation kernel for constrained devices (scarce memory and power resources).In this work, we demonstrate high-assurance of Pip-MPU’s isolation property through formal verification.Pip-MPU offers user-defined on-demand multiple isolation levels guarded by the Memory Protection Unit (MPU).Pip-MPU derives from the Pip protokernel, with a full code refactoring to adapt to the constrained environment and targets equivalent security properties.The proofs verify that the memory blocks loaded in the MPU adhere to the global partition tree model.We provide the basis of the MPU formalisation and the demonstration of the formal verification strategy on two representative kernel services.The publicly released proofs have been implemented and checked using the Coq Proof Assistant for three kernel services, representing around 10000 lines of proof.To our knowledge, this is the first formal verification of an MPU-based separation kernel.The verification process helped discover a critical isolation-related bug.","PeriodicalId":425068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123759328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated Embedded Payment Systems","authors":"Amnon Samid","doi":"10.5121/ijesa.2022.12401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijesa.2022.12401","url":null,"abstract":"Payment industry is largely aligned in their desire to create embedded payment systems ready for the modern digital age. The trend to embed payments into a software platform is often regarded as first step towards a broader trend of embedded finance based on digital representation of fiat currencies. Since it became clear to our research team that there are no technologies and protocols that are protected against attacks of quantum computing, and that enable automatic embedded payments, online or offline with no fear of counterfeit, P2P or device-to-device to be made in real time without intermediaries, in any denomination, even continuous payments per time or service, while preserving the privacy of all parties, without enabling illicit activities, we decided to utilize the Generic Innovation Engine [1] that is based on the Artificial Intelligence Assistance Innovation acceleration methodologies and tools in order to boost the progress of innovation of the necessary solutions. These methodologies accelerate innovation across the board. It proposes a framework for natural and artificial intelligence collaboration in pursuit of an innovative (R&D) objective The outcome of deploying these Artificial Innovation Assistant (AIA) methodologies was tens of patents that yield solutions, that a few of them are described in this paper. We argue that a promising avenue for automated embedded payment systems to fulfil people’s desire for privacy when conducting payments, and national security agencies demand for quantum-safe security, could be based on DeFi and digital currencies platforms that does not suffer from flaws of DLT-based solutions, while introducing real advantages, in all aspects, including being quantum-resilient, enabling users to decide with whom, if at all, to share information, identity, transactions details, etc., all without trade-offs, complying with AML measures, and accommodating the potential for high transaction volumes. It is not legacy bank accounts, and it is not peer-dependent, nor a self-organizing network.","PeriodicalId":425068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124316360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Implementation of IOT Based Smart Power Monitoring and Management System Using WSNS","authors":"Iman Mohammed Nayyef, A. Husein","doi":"10.5121/IJESA.2018.8401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJESA.2018.8401","url":null,"abstract":"We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.","PeriodicalId":425068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129464340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Fuzzy Logic and Back Propagation Neural Network for Hand Written Character Recognition","authors":"Heba M. Abduallah, S. S. Mahdi","doi":"10.5121/IJESA.2018.8402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJESA.2018.8402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125678656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fingerprint Classification Based on Orientation Field","authors":"Z. H. Khazaal, S. S. Mahdi","doi":"10.5121/ijesa.2018.8403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijesa.2018.8403","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an effective method of fingerprint classification based on discriminative feature gathering from orientation field. A nonlinear support vector machines (SVMs) is adopted for the classification. The orientation field is estimated through a pixel-Wise gradient descent method and the percentage of directional block classes is estimated. These percentages are classified into four-dimensional vector considered as a good feature that can be combined with an accurate singular point to classify the fingerprint into one of five classes. This method shows high classification accuracy relative to other spatial domain classifiers.","PeriodicalId":425068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126264987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamut: A Mutation Testing Tool for Industry-Level Embedded System Applications","authors":"Darin Weffenstette, Kristen R. Walcott","doi":"10.5121/IJESA.2018.8302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJESA.2018.8302","url":null,"abstract":"Test suite evaluation is important when developing quality software. Mutation testing, in particular, can be \u0000helpful in determining the ability of a test suite to find defects in code. Because of challenges incurred developing on complex embedded systems, test suite evaluation on these systems is very difficult and costly. We developed and implemented a tool called DynaMut to insert conditional mutations into the software \u0000under test for embedded applications. We then demonstrate how the tool can be used to automate the collection of data using an existing proprietary embedded test suite in a runtime testing environment. Conditional mutation is used to reduce the time and effort needed to perform test quality evaluation in 48% \u0000to 67% less time than it would take to perform the testing with a more traditional mutate-compile-test methodology. We also analyze if testing time can be further reduced while maintaining quality by sampling the mutations tested.","PeriodicalId":425068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114453897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of an Autonomous Smart Shower With Sensors and Actuators","authors":"T. Khan","doi":"10.5121/IJESA.2018.8301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJESA.2018.8301","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of taking a shower, the user needs to manually adjust a rotational handle or the ratio of \u0000cold and hot water to get the desired water temperature and the flow rate. In this paper, a temperature and flow rate sensor feedback smart shower is proposed which takes the target water temperature and flow rate from the user as input, and then automatically adjusts the ratio of the cold and the hot water during the \u0000shower to keep the temperature and flow rate fixed - even though there is fluctuation of supply water temperature and pressure. The proposed system contains distance sensor and automatically turns off the shower when the user is away for soaping or shampooing. The system generates a report on water usage \u0000and shower time – to promote awareness on saving water. An embedded system based prototype of the proposed shower has been developed and tested.","PeriodicalId":425068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130043195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}