{"title":"Contributors","authors":"Kristy A. Belton","doi":"10.1017/s0892679416000381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0892679416000381","url":null,"abstract":"Kristy A. Belton holds a PhD in political science from the University of Connecticut (UConn). She currently serves as the interim associate director of Academic Development for the International Studies Association and is a research affiliate of the Human Rights Institute at UConn. She is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on statelessness and migration, and her forthcoming book argues for the reconceptualization of statelessness as forced displacement (University of Pennsylvania Press, ). kbelton@isanet.org","PeriodicalId":424984,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & International Affairs","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128678279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ending Statelessness Through Belonging: A Transformative Agenda?","authors":"Kristy A. Belton","doi":"10.1017/S0892679416000393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679416000393","url":null,"abstract":"Belonging. The subject conjures up a realm of emotions. In today's world, where increasing numbers of people are on the move, whether voluntarily or forced, it captures the nostalgia one feels for a home left behind or the yearning one has for acceptance in a new community. It can produce feelings of joy or loss even from a distance, as when one follows political, sporting, or family events from afar. It encompasses sentiments of anguish, fear, and resentment when those who wish to belong are rejected or when those within a group feel threatened by those from without. For all the talk today of an interconnected, globalizing world where borders are “not just permeable, but . . . shot through with large holes,” most of us still expect our national borders—the borders of the state where we belong—to be impenetrable, except through the preapproved legal channels.","PeriodicalId":424984,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & International Affairs","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128930494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EIA volume 30 issue 4 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0892679416000563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0892679416000563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":424984,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & International Affairs","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115340626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trials as Messages of Justice: What Should Be Expected of International Criminal Courts?","authors":"T. Meijers, M. Glasius","doi":"10.1017/S089267941600040X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S089267941600040X","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the question what—if anything—we can and should expect from the practice of international criminal justice. It argues that neither retributive nor purely consequentialist, deterrence-based justifications give sufficient guidance as to what international criminal courts should aim to achieve. Instead, the legal theory of expressivism provides a more viable (but not unproblematic) guide. Contrary to other expressivist views, this article argues for the importance of the trial, not just the punishment, as a form of expressivist messaging. Specifically, we emphasize the communicative aspect of the judicial process. The final section, acknowledging the limited success of international criminal justice so far in terms of fulfilling its expressivist potential, diagnoses the main obstacles to, and opportunities for, expressivist messaging in the contemporary practice of international criminal justice.","PeriodicalId":424984,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & International Affairs","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129993948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Lessons of Effective Altruism","authors":"Jennifer Rubenstein","doi":"10.1017/S0892679416000484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679416000484","url":null,"abstract":"Carol Sue Snowden worked for thirty years as a librarian at the Columbus Metropolitan Library in Columbus, Ohio. She led a quiet, frugal life, spending money mostly on books, which were her passion. When she died, she donated the money she had saved—over $1 million—to the Columbus library and seven local schools. Most of us would look upon this generosity with admiration, but according to a new movement called Effective Altruism (EA), Snowden got it wrong. While she was right to donate her money, she should have instead directed it to an organization that does the most good overall.","PeriodicalId":424984,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & International Affairs","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123577748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taking Sides in Peacekeeping: Impartiality and the Future of the United Nations, Emily Paddon Rhoads (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016), 248 pp., $65.32 cloth.","authors":"R. Reike","doi":"10.1017/S0892679416000502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679416000502","url":null,"abstract":"of “democratic peace” theorems. The book, actually a set of essays, brings illumination to subjects as varied as torture, assassination, drones, secrecy, and the dilemmas posed by revolutionary transitions to democracy. The greatest strength of On War and Democracy is surely that it speaks to our troubled times. It is a philosophical abreaction against the fact that the American democratic empire—like its two predecessors, classical Athens and revolutionary France—is today permanently at war. We live in an age of “belligerent democracy,” says Kutz. He well understands that the ethic of democracy is victimized by imperial interventions in the name of democracy. Against talk of realism, humanitarian intervention, and the responsibility to protect, his fundamental point is that the ethic of democratic politics is irenic. It is a precautionary principle that speaks against the beasts of war, their propensity to violate “the voice and integrity of others” and to destroy their “standing as equals in a shared dialogue about common causes and meanings” (p. ).","PeriodicalId":424984,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & International Affairs","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130844441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are Moral Rights Necessary for the Justification of International Legal Human Rights?","authors":"Andrea Sangiovanni","doi":"10.1017/S0892679416000447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679416000447","url":null,"abstract":"Allen Buchanan’s The Heart of Human Rights powerfully challenges philosophers writing on human rights to clarify the relation between moral rights and international legal human rights. He claims that the dominant perspectives on human rights are committed to, though they never explicitly avow, what he calls the “Mirroring View,” namely, the view that the existence of an individual moral right is both necessary and sufficient for the justification of any international legal human right (ILHR). Such individual moral rights serve as necessary and sufficient conditions for justifying ILHRs in one of three ways: either () ILHRs have exactly the same content as correspondent moral rights (for example, ILHRs against torture might be justified because there are underlying moral rights against torture); () ILHRs are a specification of a moral human right (in the same way as freedom of the press is a specification of the more general right to freedom of expression); or () ILHRs are instruments for serving or protecting moral rights (for example, a right to democratic participation might serve to protect or realize an underlying moral right to equal status). He then argues that the Mirroring View is false: an underlying moral right is neither a necessary nor sufficient part of the justification of a corresponding ILHR in any of these three senses. In this essay I will not assess whether Buchanan is right to attribute the Mirroring View to any particular contemporary writer on human rights. I will also grant that the existence of a moral right—even a general moral right—is not sufficient to justify a corresponding ILHR. This is because the sufficiency claim strikes me as self-evidently false: not every individual moral right ought","PeriodicalId":424984,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & International Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131055272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Fragility of International Human Rights Law","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0892679416000460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679416000460","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay I will argue that some philosophers’ optimism about the shape and strength of international human rights legal practice is misguided. Allen Buchanan, for example, claims in his The Heart of Human Rights that there is an area of robust human rights law that amounts to “international law that claims the authority to regulate matters once considered to be the exclusive concern of the state, including the state’s treatment of its own citizens.” Two points can be made to clarify the idea of robustness. First, it suggests that human rights norms make a practical difference in the world. Second, it suggests that there are institutional actors that have the power to make such a difference. On both counts, it is possible to advance skeptical arguments that show that those norms suffer from a lack of normative bite, and that even if those norms were providing clear normative guidance, there are no institutions that are capable of implementing them. Human rights law is not robust and its practice lacks shape and strength. Further, the gap between ideals and practice is only likely to increase rather than the other way around. There is a specific problem that is at stake here: international human rights law claims supremacy over states’ norms. In case of a conflict between international human rights law and domestic law, the former is in principle meant to trump the latter. In practice, this is highly problematic as it requires international human rights norms to be capable of invalidating domestic norms that have been legally and democratically introduced. In other words, international human rights law may challenge the very validity of domestic law. Also it may well create a conflict between international norms and constitutional democracies. This is what Buchanan calls “the problematic supremacy of international human rights.” Buchanan points out that there is no incompatibility between robust","PeriodicalId":424984,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & International Affairs","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131314133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Planet Remade: How Geoengineering Could Change the World, Oliver Morton (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015), 440 pp., $29.95 cloth.","authors":"Gernot Wagner","doi":"10.1017/S0892679416000514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679416000514","url":null,"abstract":"very promising contribution to the literature on norm diffusion. The heavy focus on contestation raises two questions, however. First, what exactly is contested here? Is it really a new understanding of the norm of impartiality that is contested or is it the UN’s embrace of human rights–related norms, such as PoC or RtoP? Often, the contestation that Paddon Rhoads describes revolves around the objective to protect civilians in complex and messy humanitarian emergencies. It seems, therefore, that the real controversy pertains to the UN’s efforts to promote and protect human rights, rather than to the norm of impartiality. While Paddon Rhoads treats these human rights norms as part of the substantive component of impartiality, it is not clear that this helps to accurately capture the nature of the contestation. It also raises the question of whether the procedural and substantive components of the norm of impartiality are of equal importance. Second, how much contestation can a norm take? If “assertive impartiality” is so heavily contested and in fact only promoted by a handful of states, as Paddon Rhoads demonstrates, is it still a norm? In her excellent discussion of the role of norms in international relations, she explains that norms are social facts. Norms exist and exert an influence only because they reflect beliefs that are held intersubjectively. But how much intersubjective agreement is required for an idea to be considered a norm? If “assertive impartiality” is advocated by threepermanentmembersof theUNSecurity Council (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) but resisted by most other states and even parts of the UN Secretariat, as Paddon Rhoads shows, should we still treat it as anormin the sense that it reflects intersubjectively held beliefs? Such questions aside, Taking Sides in Peacekeeping is an outstanding book and a must read for scholars and practitioners interested in the role of norms in international relations, UN peacekeeping, human rights, and the DRC.","PeriodicalId":424984,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & International Affairs","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116390790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EIA volume 30 issue 4 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0892679416000368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0892679416000368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":424984,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & International Affairs","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127907842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}