IF 0.8

State Crime Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.12.2.0001

Hazel M. G. Cameron

{"title":"Operation Gukurahundi: A Policy of Genocidal Rape and Sexual Violence in Zimbabwe 1983–1984","authors":"Hazel M. G. Cameron","doi":"10.13169/statecrime.12.2.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/statecrime.12.2.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda’s historic judgment in the Akayesu Judgment established that rape and other forms of sexual violence can be an actus reus of genocide as defined by the United Nations Convention on Genocide Article II. The Akayesu Judgment therefore provides a logical framework to analyze a hidden episode of extreme post-colonial state violence in the newly independent Zimbabwe, namely a state policy of mass atrocities in Matabeleland and parts of the Midlands, targeting the minority Ndebele ethnic group during Operation Gukurahundi. The specific foci of this study are the patterns of mass rape and sexual violence in the military operation between 1983 and 1984 in Matabeleland. Drawing on 36 in-depth interviews with survivors from throughout Matabeleland, this study provides a critical new lens on Operation Gukurahundi through its identification of uniform systematic patterns of rape and other forms of sexual violence across Matabeleland. The article concludes that the patterns of rape and other forms of sexual violence identified in this study are indicative of a state policy of systematic genocidal rape between 1983 and 1984, deployed with the intent and effect to destroy, in part, a specific ethnic group, namely the minority Ndebele of Zimbabwe, thereby fulfilling every condition of the Genocide Convention principles of genocide.","PeriodicalId":42457,"journal":{"name":"State Crime","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43353767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Operation Gukurahundi: A Policy of Genocidal Rape and Sexual Violence in Zimbabwe 1983–1984 Gukurahundi行动:1983-1984年津巴布韦种族灭绝强奸和性暴力政策

State Crime Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.13.1.0001

Hazel Cameron

{"title":"Operation Gukurahundi: A Policy of Genocidal Rape and Sexual Violence in Zimbabwe 1983–1984","authors":"Hazel Cameron","doi":"10.13169/statecrime.13.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/statecrime.13.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda’s historic judgment in the Akayesu Judgment established that rape and other forms of sexual violence can be an actus reus of genocide as defined by the United Nations Convention on Genocide Article II. The Akayesu Judgment therefore provides a logical framework to analyze a hidden episode of extreme post-colonial state violence in the newly independent Zimbabwe, namely a state policy of mass atrocities in Matabeleland and parts of the Midlands, targeting the minority Ndebele ethnic group during Operation Gukurahundi . The specific foci of this study are the patterns of mass rape and sexual violence in the military operation between 1983 and 1984 in Matabeleland. Drawing on 36 in-depth interviews with survivors from throughout Matabeleland, this study provides a critical new lens on Operation Gukurahundi through its identification of uniform systematic patterns of rape and other forms of sexual violence across Matabeleland. The article concludes that the patterns of rape and other forms of sexual violence identified in this study are indicative of a state policy of systematic genocidal rape between 1983 and 1984, deployed with the intent and effect to destroy, in part, a specific ethnic group, namely the minority Ndebele of Zimbabwe, thereby fulfilling every condition of the Genocide Convention principles of genocide.","PeriodicalId":42457,"journal":{"name":"State Crime","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135601752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The politics of fear and the suppression of Indigenous language activism in Asia: Prospects for the United Nations’ Decade of Indigenous Languages 恐惧政治与亚洲原住民语言运动的镇压:联合国原住民语言十年展望

IF 0.8

State Crime Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0029

G. Roche, Madoka Hammine, Jesus Federico C. Hernandez, Jess Kruk

引用次数: 0

Ransomware through the lens of state crime 从国家犯罪的角度看勒索软件

IF 0.8

State Crime Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0001

{"title":"Ransomware through the lens of state crime","authors":"","doi":"10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Cybercrime and other cybersecurity harms are gaining increasing political and public attention across many countries. One of the most serious and fastest growing categories of such harms relates to ransomware attacks. Many of the groups responsible for ransomware attacks have come under political pressure in recent years as they have become more aggressive in their methods and targeting. On a geopolitical level, an area attracting increasing interest is the complex relationships between ransomware groups and states, in particular, Russia. This paper introduces the concept of state crime to ransomware groups. Starting with the concept of proxies before turning to the historical examples of privateering and piracy, we focus on the notion of “cyber privateers” to analyze two select ransomware groups — DarkSide and REvil — that are believed to be affiliated with the Russian state. We argue that approaching these ransomware groups as cyber privateers engaged in state crime has the potential to enhance our understanding of how these groups operate. We further posit that a state crime perspective also assists in identifying how ransomware may be countered, highlighting the need for policy responses that are effective even when ransomware groups may be tacitly protected by a state.","PeriodicalId":42457,"journal":{"name":"State Crime","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66273578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vasja Badalič, The War Against Civilians: Victims of the “War on Terror” in Afghanistan and Pakistan, reviewed by Victoria Canning 《针对平民的战争:阿富汗和巴基斯坦“反恐战争”的受害者》，维多利亚·坎宁评论

IF 0.8

State Crime Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0100

V. Canning

引用次数: 0

It was the anarchists: The quest for the truth about Italy’s bombs 那是无政府主义者:对意大利炸弹真相的追寻

IF 0.8

State Crime Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0051

Vincenzo Scalia

{"title":"It was the anarchists: The quest for the truth about Italy’s bombs","authors":"Vincenzo Scalia","doi":"10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0051","url":null,"abstract":"On 12 December 1969 a bomb exploded in Piazza Fontana, in Milan, killing 17 people and wounding 84. This paper uses critical and activist criminology, and explores, through a resistance lens, the struggle for truth that followed. On the one hand, denial through a strategy of manipulation was carried out by both the Italian government and mainstream media, which placed the blame on the anarchist movement, laying the groundwork for an authoritarian upheaval. On the other hand, the mobilization of both the old and the new left solidified to counter this denial by illuminating state responsibility for the Piazza Fontana bombing. This paper models the specific species of state crime denial used by a transnational coalition of far-right forces operating in and around the Italian state, and the forms of resistance within left civil society that helped counter denial and stall the authoritarian drift. It also looks to expand the literature on resistance to state crime, by documenting a still poorly understood episode in Italian history where civic opposition to state violence helped abort the further institutionalization of authoritarian politics. This paper will shed a light on the dialectical process between state crime and resistance, as theorized by Green and Ward. Moreover, an analysis of resistance stages through the use of Stanley and McCulloch’s work, will allow me to carry out an in-depth analysis of the mobilization process that took place after the Piazza Fontana bombing.","PeriodicalId":42457,"journal":{"name":"State Crime","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66273149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Josephine Beoku-Betts and Fredline A. M’Cormack-Hale eds. War, Women, and Post-Conflict Empowerment: Lessons from Sierra Leone, reviewed by Jillian LaBranche Josephine Beoku-Betts和Fredline A. M 'Cormack-Hale编。《战争、妇女和冲突后赋权:塞拉利昂的经验教训》，作者:吉利安·拉布兰彻

IF 0.8

State Crime Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0108

Jillian LaBranche

引用次数: 0

Ransomware through the lens of state crime: Conceptualizing ransomware groups as cyber proxies, pirates, and privateers 国家犯罪视角下的勒索软件:将勒索软件组织概念化为网络代理、海盗和私掠者

IF 0.8

State Crime Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0004

James Martin, C. Whelan

{"title":"Ransomware through the lens of state crime: Conceptualizing ransomware groups as cyber proxies, pirates, and privateers","authors":"James Martin, C. Whelan","doi":"10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Cybercrime and other cybersecurity harms are gaining increasing political and public attention across many countries. One of the most serious and fastest growing categories of such harms relates to ransomware attacks. Many of the groups responsible for ransomware attacks have come under political pressure in recent years as they have become more aggressive in their methods and targeting. On a geopolitical level, an area attracting increasing interest is the complex relationships between ransomware groups and states, in particular, Russia. This paper introduces the concept of state crime to ransomware groups. Starting with the concept of proxies before turning to the historical examples of privateering and piracy, we focus on the notion of “cyber privateers” to analyze two select ransomware groups—DarkSide and REvil—that are believed to be affiliated with the Russian state. We argue that approaching these ransomware groups as cyber privateers engaged in state crime has the potential to enhance our understanding of how these groups operate. We further posit that a state crime perspective also assists in identifying how ransomware may be countered, highlighting the need for policy responses that are effective even when ransomware groups may be tacitly protected by a state.","PeriodicalId":42457,"journal":{"name":"State Crime","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66273587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Monish Bhatia and Victoria Canning eds. Stealing Time: Migration,Temporalities and State Violence, reviewed by Scott Poynting Monish Bhatia和Victoria Canning需要。《偷走时间:移民、时间性和国家暴力》，斯科特·波因廷(Scott Poynting)评论

IF 0.8

State Crime Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0096

S. Poynting

引用次数: 0

“We will give our blood, but not our land!”—Repertoires of resistance and state-organized land-grabbing at a Bangladeshi tea plantation “我们可以献出我们的鲜血，但不能献出我们的土地!”——孟加拉国一个茶园发生的抵抗和国家组织的土地掠夺

IF 0.8

State Crime Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.12.1.0068

Ashrafuzzaman Khan, K. Lasslett

引用次数: 0

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