Journal of Energy and Natural Resources最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Land Use Management on Land Degradation: The Case Study of Kashidar Basin in Golestan Province, Iran","authors":"Mohammadreza Parsamehr","doi":"10.11648/J.JENR.20211004.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JENR.20211004.11","url":null,"abstract":"Land resources are increasingly under pressure and there are many competing interests. However, unsustainable agricultural expansion and urbanization remain the main driving forces in land resource depletion. Suitable land use management on steep slope farmlands can decrease the destructive effects of farming. The main aim of this paper is showing the role of land use management on soil erosion. The EPM empirical model which developed in former Yugoslavia is one of the applicable models for estimating soil erosion and sediment delivery. With the help of this model, changes in the rate of erosion due to the application of different land management methods can be examined. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, Kashidar watershed in Golestan province -Iran was selected. The required maps and parameters of EPM model were determined in the desired area and with the help of Arc-Gis software, the relations and equations presented in this model, the amount of soil erosion in Kashidar watershed was calculated. The rate of soil erosion was calculated under two different management scenarios of rain fed agriculture and agroforestry system. The results of this study shows that changing the land use from dry farming on steep slope to agroforestry can decrease the soil erosion up to 70 percent. Sustainable land management practices are urgently required because of widespread resource degradation from poor land use practices. Climate change impacts are expected to further aggravate the situation.","PeriodicalId":424174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Natural Resources","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121860523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Lowland Bamboo Propagation Techniques in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Diriba, Shimelis Dekeba, W. Gizaw","doi":"10.11648/J.JENR.20211003.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JENR.20211003.12","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo has diverse utility ranging from construction to delicacy in Asia and Africa, and also several desirable qualities that make it a useful resource compared to many other plants. For example; it uses as food and feed preservative, construction, medicine purpose, natural conservation, charcoal and energy, arts and culture, aesthetic value, financial return and environment protection. Bamboo has additional unique characteristic that a fast growing plant than any other tree species and starts to give utility within three or four years of planting time in the exception of bearing fruits. To give fruit full seed takes a long time that after 50 years old. So to get its utilities has to be raised through various propagation methods. In this trial; propagations with culm cut, offsets cut and branch cut on Dendrocalmus membracius, Dendrocalmus hamlitonii and Oxytenanthera abyssinica bamboo species had been executed in RCBD design with three replications, respectively. So that in this experiment, among the methods of bamboo propagation technique; offset cutting (bamboo rhizome) followed by branch cut had been recommended based on consideration of giving adequate planting materials. The outcomes showed highly significant difference at (p<0.001) level between and within treatments as well as interaction effect based on the given parameters. Regardless of this fact; the highest mean value discovered under Dendrocalmus hamlitonii bamboo species with culm cut planting followed by Dendrocalmus memebranceous with branch cut planting, while the least mean value was recorded under Oxytenanthera abyssinica with culm cut planting based on number of new emerging bamboo shoot parameter. Based on root collar diameter, Length of shoot and number of node parameters, the highest mean value recorded under Dendrocalmus hamlitonii and Dendrocalmus memebranceous with offset cut planting, while the least mean value was recorded under Dendrocalmus hamlitonii with branch cut planting, respectively (Table 2). Despite this fact, the recommend that with offset cut plating for Dendrocalmus hamlitonii and Dendrocalmus memebranceous of bamboo species followed by Oxytenanthera abyssinica. The Culm cut planting parts designated higher mean value for Dendrocalmus hamlitonii bamboo species only, while branch cut planting designated higher mean value for Dendrocalmus memebranceous bamboo species only (Table 2). Generally, the study was propagations of lowland bamboo species (Dendrocalmus membracius, Dendrocalmus hamlitonii and Oxytenanthera abyssinica) with culm cut, offsets cut and branch cut techniques under Mechara and for related agro ecology zones is trustworthy so, the research advocated these technologies with further economic and livelihood benefits for different stakeholders through expanding the plantation materials with full package.","PeriodicalId":424174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Natural Resources","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133831106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Surface Water Resources in Case of Muger Sub Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Adeba, Shimelis Tafese","doi":"10.11648/J.JENR.20211003.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JENR.20211003.11","url":null,"abstract":"Water resources assessment (WRA) is the process of measuring, collecting and analysing relevant parameters on the quantity and quality of water resources for the purposes of a better development and management of water resources. The aim of this research is Assessment of Surface Water Resource in Case of Muger Sub Basin in Ethiopia. The future possible local climate variables are extracted from Abbay basin RCM and then the bias-corrected with observed meteorological variables which are then used as input to the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model as climate data, in addition to climate data soil data, land use land cover, slope of the sub basin and weather Generator together are used to simulate future water yield of Muger sub-basin. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was adopted to perform runoff simulation. The good performance of the SWAT model was confirmed, with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and determination coefficients (R2) of 0.76 and 0.99 respectively during calibration for monthly runoff, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) 0.63 and determination coefficients (R2) 0.99 respectively during validation for monthly runoff. The variation of precipitation in Muger sub basin decreased by (2010-2023), (2024-2037) and (2038-2050) from base period (1996-2009) will be 0.36%, 1.076% and 1.74% respectively, Maximum Temperature in sub basin increase from base period (1996-2009) by 0.55%, 2.32% and 4.6% and also minimum temperature in Muger sub basin increase by (2010-2023), (2024-2037) and (2038-2050) from base period (1996-2009) was 0.83%, 2.80 and 8.54% respectively. From this study, it was observed that due to climate change Average annual water yieldin Mugersub basinin (1996-2009), (2010-2023), (2024-2037), (2038-2050) is 4634.07 Mm3, 4525.92 Mm3, 4456.20 Mm3 and 4411.89 Mm3 respectively. Generally as Temperature increase in the study area the amount of rainfall decreases which directly affect the amount of water yield.","PeriodicalId":424174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Natural Resources","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134039593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Test of Gas Ablation Agent in Mine Gas Control","authors":"Guo Aijun, Yang Haorui, Zhao Qingzhen, Sun Hanying, Zhai Zhiwei","doi":"10.11648/J.JENR.20211002.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JENR.20211002.12","url":null,"abstract":"Gas is a major threat to the safety of coal mine production, Gas Ablation Agent is a major component of methane oxidation bacteria, added a special catalyst, used to eliminate the high concentration of gas biological solvents, gas reduction speed, low cost, non-toxic harmless characteristics. Gas Ablation Agent can quickly decompose or convert gas into other harmless substances, eliminate or reduce gas in coal seams, reduce gas pressure and gas content, so as to eliminate the prominent risk of coal and gas, is a new biochemical technology to control coal mine gas. After 24 hours, the gas content decreased by an average of 3.64m3/t and 2.24m3/t respectively. Gas ablation microorganisms, while breaking down methane, can promote the rapid decomposition of methane adsorbed in coal bodies. Compared with the conventional excavation method, the number of construction drilling holes decreased by about 92%, the total number of digging days decreased by 59 days, and the efficiency of coal extraction increased by 3.2 times. Gas Ablation Agent is an effective and environmentally friendly technical method to control gas, which is of great practical significance for the prevention and control of coal and gas, and the promotion of efficient and safe production.","PeriodicalId":424174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Natural Resources","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116517612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress of Impurity Removal from Metallurgical Slag and Strengthening Metallurgical Process by External Electric Field","authors":"Wang Haichuan, Liao Zhiyou, Wang Bowen, W. Ting, Lv Ningning, Deng Aijun, Wu Liushun","doi":"10.11648/J.JENR.20211002.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JENR.20211002.11","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the demand of the development of circular economy, the utilization of metallurgical solid waste has attracted more and more attention, one of the main ways of comprehensive utilization of metallurgical slag is internal recycling in steel plant to replace limestone as smelting flux, so it need to removal of phosphorus and sulfur from molten slag to decrease the burden of dephosphorization and desulfurization in the steelmaking process. In this paper, the current recycling situation of phosphorus-containing steel slag and sulfur-containing waste refining slag is briefly summarized, these relevant researches show that, the methods of dephosphorization of steel slag include reduction method (such as carbon reduction method or silicon reduction method) and gasification method, the dephosphorization ratio with reduction method reached 95.5%, and the greatest dephosphorization rate with gasification method can reach 81.23%, these treatment methods need a long time and treatment temperature is too high. Two main methods to remove sulfur from refining slag, oxidation method and hydrothermal method, oxidative roasting desulfurization and the sulfur removal rate was about 95%. And the latest research progress of using electric field to strengthen slag-metal reaction and component migration in metallurgical melt is also summarized. Electric field treatment of metallurgical melts can affect the physicochemical properties, such as viscosity, solidification structure, grain refinement, material properties, partition coefficient of component and the activity of solute, etc. It can enhances mass transfer reaction in metallurgical process and make oxygen transfer between molten iron and molten copper increase 2~3 times. It also can enhanced the migration ability of components between molten slag and metal, it is a great significance for electric field strengthening slag desulfurization because of enough sulfur ions in slag. There is a non-equilibrium phosphorus capacity different from conventional thermodynamic properties under the action of electric field, the lower non-equilibrium phosphorus capacity improves the phosphorus removal efficiency of phosphorus-containing steel slag.","PeriodicalId":424174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Natural Resources","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126489482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis on Dust Control Technology in Open-pit Quarry","authors":"Chan Zou","doi":"10.11648/J.JENR.20211001.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JENR.20211001.13","url":null,"abstract":"In order to analyze the present situation of dust hazards in the process of mining in the open-pit quarry and solve the problem of dust pollution, according to the production process characteristics of the open-pit quarry, the characteristics and dust properties of the open-pit quarry were analyzed and studied, and the rules of dust production in the open-pit quarry were obtained. Based on the basis of the research on the law of producing dust and dust properties, in view of the blasting operation, drilling, crushing screening operation and blanking operation and so on various production technology, respectively, puts forward the demolition operations fog gun dust suppression technology, drilling rig drilling dust removal technology, dump truck, crusher airtight spray dust spray dust suppression technology, screening airtight smoke dust purification technology and scale blanking dust removal technology such as prevention and control technology, through the technical mechanism of dust and dust efficiency of experimental research, formed a set of suitable for quarry dust control technology parameters, through the production process in the open air quarry in practical applications, It realizes the dust control in the whole process from mining to production of finished products in the open-pit quarry, greatly reduces the dust concentration in the production process of the open-pit quarry, and the comprehensive dust removal efficiency reaches more than 85%, which provides the basic basis for dust control in the open-pit quarry.","PeriodicalId":424174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Natural Resources","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116740770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore Mineralization of Active Paleomargins of Continents (on the Example of Alpine Metallic Deposits of Caucasus and Pontides)","authors":"S. Kekelia, N. Gagnidze, I. Mshvenieradze, G. Kharazishvili","doi":"10.11648/J.JENR.20211001.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JENR.20211001.11","url":null,"abstract":"Metallogenic features of Pontides – Lesser Caucasus microplates (part of active paleomargin of Eurasian microplate are determined by copper, copper-molibdenium porphyry, iron-scarn, volcanic nonferrous, precious metals, auriferous and manganese ore deposits. Their orebearing fluid systems occurred consistently on various stages of development of the region and were correlated with geological processes on the border of convergental and divergental interaction of mic¬roplates. The above mentioned types of ore deposits display clear areal and temporary bonds with certain composites of lithogeodynamic complexes (which are presented in mountain folding systems of relics of ancient geomorphological structures) - geological formations. Different geologic-genetical models are suggested for each type of deposits, characterizing possible sources of ore substance, causes of rise and functions of fluid systems, in addition to ore formation environment. It may be said that different genetic groups of deposits are regularly associated with certain litho-geodynamic complexes. The complexes of the paleomarginal sea hollows of the divergent type are specialized in copper and pyrite-polimetallic hydrothermal-sedimentary mineralization; island arc systems of different age – in copper and copper-zinc hydrothermal-sedimentary and epigenetic mineralization; their uplifted blocks – in gold, copper-porphyry and skarn-iron-ore mineralization. Within the area of volcanic-sedimentary copper-zinc deposits in intra-arc sea hollows (Pontides) manganese accumulations are sometimes encountered.","PeriodicalId":424174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Natural Resources","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130421898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DFT Study of Oxidation Reaction Paths for Ethanol Gasoline","authors":"Li Na, Han Lu, G. Xin, Tao Zhiping, Long Jun","doi":"10.11648/J.JENR.20200901.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JENR.20200901.17","url":null,"abstract":"A DFT study of oxidation reaction for ethanol molecule and representative conventional molecule in gasoline was performed. At first, the homolytic dissociation energy of the different C-H bond in ethanol and hydrocarbon molecules was calculated and the C-H active sites most likely to be attacked by oxygen molecule were obtained. Then, the reaction barrier of oxidation initiation reaction for different molecules was compared to conclude that the barrier energy of ethanol molecule was lower than the conventional gasoline molecule. It was found that the lower energy gap between the HOMO orbital of ethanol molecule and the LUMO orbital of oxygen molecule was the driving force to the oxidation initiation reaction. In addition, the possible further reaction paths of ethanol free radical after dehydrogenation have also been investigated, which may generate acetaldehyde or acetic acid. The two reaction paths actually existed at the same time, though compared with the acetic acid steps, the reaction path was shorter for generating acetaldehyde. It was indicated that ethanol gasoline is more prone to oxidation than conventional gasoline, which leads to changes in its molecular composition and physical and chemical properties. We should pay attention to the oxidation stability of ethanol gasoline during its storage and use.","PeriodicalId":424174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Natural Resources","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134518132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Snapshot of Renewable Energy Research in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Sydney Oluoch, P. Lal, B. Wolde, Neeraj Vedwan","doi":"10.11648/J.JENR.20190804.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JENR.20190804.13","url":null,"abstract":"Global concern over energy security and climate change has resulted in the need to adopt renewable energy technologies. The sub-continent of Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) has lagged in terms of renewable energy development and research, despite having great potential for renewable energy resources. We examined emerging trends in renewable energy research in peer-reviewed publications in-order to identify research gaps, research perspectives, current knowledge and development of renewable energy research over time. We used the bibliometric mapping approach to extract and map the most frequently used keywords. This approach was useful in providing a guideline for insights on current geographic and sectoral hotspots. Temporal analysis confirmed that renewable energy publications experienced a substantial growth with biomass energy publications being the most dominant for the study period. The bibliometric maps confirmed this finding as most of the terms pertained to biomass-related topics. It is notable that there has been a shift of the discussion from the traditional sources of biomass (firewood and charcoal) to modern bio-fuel crops in SSA. From this quantitative review it was evident that the key solutions to bridging development gaps for renewable energy in SSA are interconnected. Adequate research stems from sufficient funding that results in bridging technical gaps (in terms of skill and technology), and information (data and awareness). There is a need for a suitable policy framework backed by political will, enforcement and facilitative governance framework to channel the limited resources towards maximizing gains in renewable energy development in SSA.","PeriodicalId":424174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Natural Resources","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124033876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response Agronomic Traits of Lentil Varieties to Zinc Fertilization in Calcareous and Terrace Soils of Bangladesh","authors":"Md Ashraf Hossain, M. Quddus, Md. Abdus Sattar, Md. Babul Anwar, S. Aktar, Mohammad Hossain Sarker, M. Ali","doi":"10.11648/J.JENR.20190804.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JENR.20190804.14","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc (Zn) fertilization is reflected a significant agronomic strategy for global food security. Deficiency of zinc in soils could be caused to decrease the crop yield. Hence an experiment was made over two years at the research farm of Pulses Research Sub-Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur and in the research farm of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Ishwardi and Jessore, during Rabi season to assess the sensitivity of different varieties of lentil to Zn fertilization and evaluate the Zn in terms of yield and Zn mineral content in seed. There were 12 treatment combinations comprising six lentil varieties (V1 = BARI Masur-2, V2 = BARI Masur-3, V3 = BARI Masur-4, V4 = BARI Masur-5, V5 = BARI Masur-6 and V6 = BARI Masur-7) and two levels of zinc (0 and 2 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Results reveal that growth, yield attributes and yield varied positively by zinc level and variety. Among the varieties, BARI Masur-7 followed by BARI Masur-6 gave the highest seed yield. Interaction of variety and zinc the highest mean seed yield (1568 kg ha-1 at Gazipur, 2396 kg ha-1 at Ishurdy and 1639 kg ha-1 at Jashore) produced by the treatment V6Zn2. The improved protein content (28.5% at Gazipur, 28.9% at Ishurdy and 29% at Jashore) and zinc content (70.2 ppm at Gazipur, 73.6 ppm at Ishurdy and 69.9 ppm at Jashore) was achieved in V6Zn2 treatment. The result, suggest that 2 kg Zn ha-1 could be applied in any lentil variety for quality improvement and yield maximization in terrace and calcareous soils of Bangladesh. The current study recommended conducting another experiment for further monitoring and determining the appropriate Zn dose for lentil production through application of different zinc rates in Zn- deficient soils.","PeriodicalId":424174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Natural Resources","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121650220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}