INTELLIGENTSIA AND THE WORLD最新文献

{"title":"The concept of «intelligentsia» though the eyes of modern Russian youth: a sociological study","authors":"E. Skryabina, I. Kuleshova","doi":"10.46725/iw.2020.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46725/iw.2020.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes a unique empirical material obtained in the course of a sociological study, the purpose of which is to reveal the content of the concept «intelligentsia» as it is comprehended by modern Russian youth. The author studies the correlation of this content with the traditional under-standing of the intelligentsia, presented in the leading Russian sociological approaches: socio-economic, cultural, social-ethical, and others. The main method of collecting primary sociological information is a questionnaire survey, which allows respondents to rank psychological, cognitive, socio-role, moral and ethical markers of the intelligentsia, as well as the markers that characterize the overall level of culture and education of a person. It is revealed that as the main ones, respondents use blocks that cover cognitive characteristics and markers of the general level of culture and upbringing. Moral, ethical and psychological properties and qualities are taken into account to a much lesser extent, while traditional social markers (belonging to a certain social stratum/group/class, profession/occupation/type of occupation, social attitudes and motivation, etc.) remain the outsiders of the sample. Based on the obtained data, a collective image of the intelligentsia through the eyes of modern Russian youth is formed. An opinion about the relevance of the resulting image to almost any person who has received a decent upbringing and education (regardless of the country of residence of this person, their civil position, moral and psychological qualities and characteristics, etc.) is discussed. It is concluded that modern Russian youth, who are not familiar with the etymology and classical interpretations of the concept of «intelligentsia», «dissolves» it in a close, but not identical concept of «intelligence».","PeriodicalId":424142,"journal":{"name":"INTELLIGENTSIA AND THE WORLD","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122292341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letters of the Christian intellectual: Alcuin and his epistolary heritage","authors":"A. Ilyina","doi":"10.46725/iw.2020.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46725/iw.2020.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the epistolary legacy (numbering more than three hundred letters) of Alcuin of York, perhaps the most prominent figure of the so-called Carolingian Renaissance, a famous associate of Charlemagne. Comparison of Alcuin’s letters with samples of late antique epistolography makes it possible to trace the degree of continuity of cultural and social practices of pagan Antiquity and the Christian Middle Ages. In addition, reference to Alcuin’s correspondence makes it possible to look into the inner world of a Christian intellectual, to get acquainted with the issues and problems that occupy the minds of his contemporaries, to build a scheme of Alcuin’s network communication and to understand how far his spiritual influence extended in Europe and with which social layers he communicated. Setting the goal of identifying the characteristic features of the Christian intellectual community at the turn of the VIII—IX centuries on the basis of the analysis of Alcuin’s epistolary heritage, the author of the article defines the social and geographical boundaries of the circulation of Alcuin’s letters, identifies the succession of his letters from the ancient epistolary tradition, identifies and analyzes the main problems raised in Alcuin’s letters. To achieve this goal, the article uses a historical and anthropological approach with elements of semiotic analysis. The succession of Alcuin’s correspondence from the traditions of late antique epistolography is reflected, first of all, in the form of letters, the way they were written, and the use of stable rhetorical techniques. At the same time, attention is drawn to the change in the social portrait of the address and, due to this, the expansion of the circle of addressees, which now includes not only representatives of the highest secular and church elite, but also nsufficiently educated and ignoble people, for whom Alcuin acted as a spiritual father and mentor. The analysis of the letters shows that Alcuin’s awareness of his responsibility for the fate of the addressees determines the subject matter of the letters, many of which are devoted to explaining the responsibilities of certain members of the Christian community, defining the area of responsibility of the laity and clergy, constructing of the image of an ideal clergyman or a righteous layman.","PeriodicalId":424142,"journal":{"name":"INTELLIGENTSIA AND THE WORLD","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125054063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intellectual of peasant origin Ivan Golyshev and Ivan Sytin: book publishing and educational activities","authors":"A. Solovyev","doi":"10.46725/iw.2020.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46725/iw.2020.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a lot was done in the field of educating the population of the Russian Empire and introducing it to reading. The reforms of Alexander II gave an additional impetus to the development of book publishing in the Russian province. This article is devoted to two bright representatives of the intelligentsia, natives of the peasantry of the Upper Volga region, I. A. Golyshev and I. D. Sytin. Evidently, I. D. Sytin stands alone among the representatives of the peasantry of the Kostroma province. He was the greatest pre-revolutionary book publisher of the Russian Empire. A peasant from the settlement of Mstera I. A. Golyshev also made a significant contribution to the book publishing business of Russia, but in the Upper Volga region. Both of them day after day, to the best of their abilities, made everything that depended on them, so that a book, a newspaper, a magazine could become closer to the average citizen and villager. The article demonstrates the desire of I. A. Golyshev and I. D. Sytin to make as many ordinary city and village residents as possible prefer addressing the printed word rather than spending time idly (often abusing alcohol). Thanks to the activities of such ascetic educators (cultural traders), the scope of influence of printed materials on the ordinary population of the Russian Empire has expanded. In general, book publishing and educational activities of the characters of this article did not go beyond the dominant ideology of tsarist Russia, based on the famous triad by S. S. Uvarov — «Orthodoxy — Autocracy — Nationality».","PeriodicalId":424142,"journal":{"name":"INTELLIGENTSIA AND THE WORLD","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121290580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}