The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development最新文献

The Deep Sea Floor as a Battleground for Justice? 深海海底是正义的战场?

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/9789004380271_023

Tirza Meyer

引用次数: 0

Elisabeth Mann Borgese’s Invisible Hand in Ocean Governance: Past, Present, and Future 伊丽莎白·曼·博格塞的《海洋治理中的看不见的手:过去、现在和未来》

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/9789004380271_004

A. Behnam

{"title":"Elisabeth Mann Borgese’s Invisible Hand in Ocean Governance: Past, Present, and Future","authors":"A. Behnam","doi":"10.1163/9789004380271_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004380271_004","url":null,"abstract":"In the history of Planet Ocean (after all 75 percent of it is covered by ocean) three human beings as no others have defined its destiny through the genius of thought, passion, and craft: Hugo Grotius, Arvid Pardo, and Elisabeth Mann Borgese. For centuries, the Grotius principle of freedom of the seas was unassailable. Then came that virtuous day when Pardo, the then Ambassador of Malta at the United Nations, made his marathon speech to the United Nations General Assembly (unga) on 1 November 1967 advocating a new principle for a new law of the sea. That principle was destined to be that of the common heritage of mankind, which transcends both concepts of sovereignty and freedom in human relations with the ocean and its governance.1 That speech in its totality galvanized Elisabeth, who at that time was a fellow of the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions. She saw Pardo’s ideals aligning with those of the Center and her own beliefs, in particular Pardo’s emphasis on the peaceful use of the ocean and its living and non-living resources. This was to lead to several narratives that impacted the convening and processes of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (unclos iii). She grafted Pardo’s ideas on the framework of Pope John xxxiii Pacem in Terris, thereby creating Pacem in Maribus. As Pardo’s intellectual partner, and with the support of the Maltese government, she convened the 1970 Pacem in Maribus conference to discuss the broad issues of the use of ocean services and resources into internationally agreed law.2 In 1972 she established the International Ocean Institute (ioi) in Malta as the think tank for the evolving negations at unclos iii. She wrote:","PeriodicalId":423731,"journal":{"name":"The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114645403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large Marine Ecosystems: Their Status and Role in Ocean Governance 大型海洋生态系统:它们在海洋治理中的地位和作用

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/9789004380271_037

K. Sherman

{"title":"Large Marine Ecosystems: Their Status and Role in Ocean Governance","authors":"K. Sherman","doi":"10.1163/9789004380271_037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004380271_037","url":null,"abstract":"As a participant in the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission’s (ioc) annual meetings in the 1980s, I remember at one of the sessions a particularly passionate and forceful delivery by Professor Elisabeth Mann Borgese on the need to advance the legal authority for management of the oceans under the terms of the law of the sea. That memorable delivery was later shared with Professor Lewis Alexander, of the University of Rhode Island (uri), who directed the Marine Affairs Program at uri and was a longtime colleague of Professor Mann Borgese. Professor Alexander participated with her in many law of the sea conferences and workshops. As Director of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (noaa) Fisheries Laboratory at uri’s Bay Campus, I served as a guest lecturer on marine fisheries science in Professor Alexander’s seminar courses and was well aware of his expertise in law of the sea matters. It was in the course of joint study with Professor Alexander that we developed the concept of adapting the management principles from the law of the sea to the assessment and management of large marine ecosystems (lmes) defined on the basis of four ecological criteria: bathymetry, hydrography, productivity, and trophic linkages.1 Following an initial period of joint study, Professor Alexander and I convened the Symposium on Variability and Management of Large Marine Ecosystems at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (aaas) in 1984. We were invited by the aaas to prepare a peerreviewed volume of selected papers from the Symposium that was published by the aaas and serves as the seminal volume on large marine ecosystems.2","PeriodicalId":423731,"journal":{"name":"The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126936267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction 国家管辖范围以外地区的海洋生物多样性

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/9789004380271_026

D. Freestone

引用次数: 3

Oil and Gas: Exploration and Risk 石油和天然气:勘探和风险

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/9789004380271_068

Bruce Batstone, S. Belford

{"title":"Oil and Gas: Exploration and Risk","authors":"Bruce Batstone, S. Belford","doi":"10.1163/9789004380271_068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004380271_068","url":null,"abstract":"Risk analyses entail a multi-dimensional matrix that considers scalable political, economic, social, technical, environmental, and safety factors. Risk is the probability of an event occurring multiplied by the magnitude of its adverse consequences. The risk of offshore exploration is addressed through development and implementation of mandatory safety management systems (sms) vetted by regulatory bodies and third-party certifying agencies. Risk management processes within the sms are employed throughout all stages in exploration projects, from the conceptual planning stage down to each work shift on deck. This essay considers risks to frontier and offshore oil and gas exploration, as opposed to the risks of oil and gas exploration. The issue is considered in a Canadian context. Meaningful commentary on exploration risk requires an outlook on global energy demand and socio-economic trends. Today, there is uncertainty as most major energy players are looking inward, re-assessing and adjusting their business models and re-baselining their market projections in response to the steep market downturn. The risks to conducting oil and gas exploration programs are always dynamic, but particularly complex under depressed market conditions.","PeriodicalId":423731,"journal":{"name":"The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122910199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

One Hundred Years of Certitude? Disaster Response and Recovery since the Halifax Explosion 一百年的确定性?哈利法克斯爆炸以来的灾难响应和恢复

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/9789004380271_074

Adam Rostis

{"title":"One Hundred Years of Certitude? Disaster Response and Recovery since the Halifax Explosion","authors":"Adam Rostis","doi":"10.1163/9789004380271_074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004380271_074","url":null,"abstract":"In 1917, a collision between two ships in Halifax Harbor resulted in the largest human-made explosion before the bombing of Hiroshima. SS Mont Blanc was loaded with munitions, and when the Imo collided with it, the resulting explosion destroyed 22 percent of the city, killed 1,963 people, and injured 9,000.1 In 1920, Samuel Prince published a sociological analysis of the response. His was one of the first explorations of disaster and community recovery and set the tone for the modernist view of disaster response, relief, and recovery.2 The Halifax Explosion was a maritime disaster that devastated a coastal community, and on the 100th anniversary this essay takes stock of the prevailing and emergent views of disaster response, relief, and recovery. It is variously claimed that the frequency of disasters is increasing, that this is happening naturally, or that there is some inherent process of disaster creation that is rapidly accelerating.3 Alarming suggestions are made that rapid technological revolution, globalization with attendant interconnectedness of events, increasing terrorist and subversive activities, climate change causing new weather patterns, increasing mobility of humans heightening the risk of mass epidemics, and exponential population growth resulting in use of marginal land have all contributed to the growing number of disasters and crises.4 No longer, it is claimed, can organizations and governments hope for stable and predictable patterns of continuity.5 These claims often begin arguments for an increased need for organizations and experts able to understand and manage these events. In other words,","PeriodicalId":423731,"journal":{"name":"The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122451843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Offshore Aquaculture: A Needed New Frontier for Farmed Fish at Sea 近海水产养殖:海上养殖鱼类需要的新领域

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/9789004380271_064

D. Soto, Carlos F. Wurmann

{"title":"Offshore Aquaculture: A Needed New Frontier for Farmed Fish at Sea","authors":"D. Soto, Carlos F. Wurmann","doi":"10.1163/9789004380271_064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004380271_064","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture continues to be the fastest growing food producing sector in the world and it is expected to bridge the future global supply–demand gap for aquatic food.1 However, this is a great challenge considering that a large proportion of current aquaculture for food is produced in fresh water and this resource is bound to be very scarce and even scarcer under climate change.2 Today, practically all marine production takes place by the coast or not far from it. Yet, coastal zones are becoming increasingly limiting for aquaculture. Therefore, use of open ocean sites can be a solution for future aquaculture activities. There is no single universally accepted definition of offshore aquaculture, or equivalently, open ocean aquaculture. In many cases these terms are used for any farming off the coast.3 Here, the definition proposed in a special publication by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (fao) for offshore mariculture will be used.4 That is, farming occurring away from the coastline (> 2 km), in waters deeper than 50 m and fully or partially exposed to stronger wave and wind action. The concept opposes that of coastal aquaculture, in as far as coastal refers to nearshore sites, mainly in sheltered places and those located off the coast but in waters not deeper than 40 m and with","PeriodicalId":423731,"journal":{"name":"The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122555482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Alumni Reflections on the IOI Training Program 校友对IOI培训计划的思考

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/9789004380271_017

Amy Aai Sheau Ye

引用次数: 0

Ethical Dimensions of Ocean Governance 海洋治理的伦理维度

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/9789004380271_008

E. Marone, L. Marone

引用次数: 1

Sing to Me of the Oceans, Muse: The Poetry of the Sea 为我歌唱海洋吧，缪斯:海洋的诗

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/9789004380271_087

H. Thurston

引用次数: 0