{"title":"Development of a Screening Assay for Type III Secretion System Inhibitors and High Throughput Screening Campaign of Inhibitors of PRP of Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Heather A. Pendergrass","doi":"10.25772/52pd-7151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25772/52pd-7151","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics inhibit the growth or survival of bacteria by targeting their essential functions.1 Due to weaknesses in traditional antibiotics and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors are being targeted for therapeutic treatment of bacterial infection.2 We have developed an assay to quantify and observe type III secretion system (T3SS) activity. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a virulence factor present in some Gram-negative pathogens including enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC and EHEC, respectively),3 and others.4–9 The T3SS between EPEC and EHEC are highly conserved and share over 90% sequence identity with the mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium.3,10,11 Because of the high similarity between the pathophysiology of these organisms, C. rodentium is often used as the mouse model of EPEC and EHEC infection.12–14 We have developed a construct of C. rodentium to produce carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2), a eukaryotic enzyme that selectively cleaves glutamate residues. We have tagged CPG2 on the N-terminus with an amino acid sequence to target the enzyme for type III secretion.15 The CPG2 reporter assay was used to screen natural products for their ability to inhibit the T3SS.16–26 nWe also completed a high throughput screening campaign for the identification of inhibitors of phage-related ribosomal protease Prp. This protease is essential for ribosomal assembly in bacteria and previously reported knockdown studies have indicated that bacteria cannot survive without Prp. We have screened over 5000 compounds for their inhibitory activity.","PeriodicalId":42372,"journal":{"name":"VIRGINIA QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7591&context=etd","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147901623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Collaboration and Female Representation in Academic Fields","authors":"Soohyung Lee, Benjamin A. Malin","doi":"10.21034/qr.3911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21034/qr.3911","url":null,"abstract":"Women are well represented in some academic fields but notably underrepresented in others, including many STEM fields. Motivated by studies that show collaboration is more attractive to women than men, we investigate whether female participation across academic fields is related to how collaborative those fields are. Using panel data for 30 academic fields from 1975 to 2014, we find that one additional author on the average paper published in a field is associated with an increase of 2.5 percentage points in the female share of PhD recipients. This estimate implies that about 30 percent of the observed rise in female share during our sample period can be attributed to increased collaboration.","PeriodicalId":42372,"journal":{"name":"VIRGINIA QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88572651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Right to Be Let Alone","authors":"Ann Neumann","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv177tk5p.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv177tk5p.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42372,"journal":{"name":"VIRGINIA QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":"26 1","pages":"18 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82044052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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