PSN: Labor (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Opportunities and Limits of Rebalancing the Eurozone via Wage Policies: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Illustrations for the Case of Germany","authors":"Eckhard Hein, Achim Truger","doi":"10.13133/2037-3643_70.283_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13133/2037-3643_70.283_2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss the relationship between the current account rebalancing in the Eu-rozone, income distribution and wage policies with a focus on the main surplus economy, Germany. We will illustrate how and to which extent German wage policies could be able to contribute to a more balanced development of the Eurozone and to overcome the export-led mercantilist German model. Our analysis and our scenarios will be based on stylized econo-metric results for Germany, as they have recently been obtained in the empirical literature estimating the German demand and growth regime based on post-Kaleckian models. We will focus in particular on the relationship between nominal wages and functional income distribu-tion, on the one hand, and between functional income distribution and domestic demand, on the other hand. We show that more expansionary wage policy can contribute to reducing the excessive German current account surplus, mainly through the domestic income-imports channel. However, wage policy alone will be overburdened with the task of rebalancing. For this, in particular more expansionary fiscal policies are required.","PeriodicalId":423579,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Labor (Topic)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127808076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Occupational Licensing a Barrier to Interstate Migration?","authors":"Janna E. Johnson, M. Kleiner","doi":"10.1257/POL.20170704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/POL.20170704","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational licensure may limit the interstate movement of workers because it adds to the cost of moving between states. We analyze the interstate migration of 22 licensed occupations, proxying for the difficulty of the regulations by comparing state-specific licensed occupations to those with national licensing exams. Our empirical strategy also uses individuals who move a long distance, removing the influence of occupation characteristics and self-selection of migration-averse individuals into licensed occupations. Our estimates show that occupational licensing reduces interstate migration, but the magnitude of the effect can only account for a small part of the overall decline in recent decades. (JEL J44, J61, R23)","PeriodicalId":423579,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Labor (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129389539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of (Mostly Outdated and Often Ineffective) Laws Affecting Work-Related Monitoring","authors":"R. Sprague","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3018184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3018184","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews various laws that affect work-related monitoring. It reveals that most of our privacy laws were adopted well before smartphones and the Internet became ubiquitous; they still hunt for physical secluded locations; and, because they are based on reasonable expectations of privacy, they can easily be circumvented by employer policies that eliminate that expectation by informing workers they have no right to privacy in the workplace. This article concludes that the future — indeed the present — does not bode well for worker privacy.","PeriodicalId":423579,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Labor (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124936602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working to Rule: The Damaging Economics of UK Employment Regulation","authors":"J. Shackleton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3853051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3853051","url":null,"abstract":"A case can be made for greater regulatory competition after Brexit: apart from repatriation of regulation to the UK from the EU, there is an argument for devolution within the UK – for instance, allowing Scotland to set its own minimum wage. More fundamental reforms should involve adding a ‘sunset’ clause to a large body of existing employment legislation, followed by a major review of regulation with the default of scrapping laws which can no longer be justified. This could lead to a dramatic reduction in the categories of employment regulation from around 100 currently to perhaps just 5. Some have argued for less reliance on legislation but more emphasis on ‘voluntary’ measures such as the promotion of the Living Wage, or setting targets for women members on boards. These measures, however, are not an improvement on compulsion if the policy itself is damaging. Such pressures blur the boundaries of legitimate state power: businesses and individuals should not be cajoled into changing their priorities in line with often transient government objectives.<br>","PeriodicalId":423579,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Labor (Topic)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133324667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the State Towards the Grey Zone of Employment: Eyes on Canada and the United States","authors":"Susan Bisom-Rapp, Urwana Coiquaud","doi":"10.4000/INTERVENTIONSECONOMIQUES.3555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/INTERVENTIONSECONOMIQUES.3555","url":null,"abstract":"Dans la plupart des pays, le travail precaire est en hausse et les formes atypiques de travail se multiplient. Ce que nous appelons la « zone grise » de l’emploi resulte tant des transformations du travail typique que du travail atypique. En mettant l’accent sur la reglementation, les politiques publiques et le role de l’Etat dans la creation et la perception de la zone grise, notre contribution consiste a relever les agissements ou les defauts d’agissements du gouvernement et les consequences induites sur la relation d’emploi typique. En examinant et en comparant les conditions dans nos deux pays, le Canada et les Etats-Unis, nous montrons que l’Etat joue un role paradoxal dans la croissance du travail atypique et du travail precaire. Pour appuyer notre analyse, nous avons developpe une matrice pour saisir les efforts ou les inerties du gouvernement. Nous concluons qu’il y a sept facons de comprendre le role joue par le gouvernement a l’egard de la zone grise.","PeriodicalId":423579,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Labor (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131685952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Meatpacking Factory","authors":"A. Wicks, Jenny Mead, Nicholas Stewart","doi":"10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000313","url":null,"abstract":"The manager of a meatpacking factory allows his 100-plus Muslim workers to take breaks believing that it is an appropriate response to the religious needs of this large part of his employee base. But the breaks have begun to interfere with the overall operation of the plant, resulting in a loss of productivity. Other employees have become irritated resenting what they see as preferential treatment. Because of the productivity issues, other employees' complaints, and concerns about the credibility of his management, the manager considers reneging on his agreement.","PeriodicalId":423579,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Labor (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125670284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment Protection Legislation and Corporate Performance","authors":"Henock Louis, Oktay Urcan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2891040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2891040","url":null,"abstract":"Exploiting intertemporal variations in employment protection across OECD countries, we show that laws increasing employee protection (EPL) positively impact operating profits over the 1985-2013 period. This result does not seem to be driven by pre-treatment differences between treatment and control firms and is robust to a long list of sensitivity checks and alternative design choices. Consistent with the EPL effect being due to changes in employment protection laws, the evidence also indicates that the effect is largely driven by the labor-intensive firms. While firms reduce employment and capital expenditures after an increase in employee protection, we find little evidence that they reduce their sales volumes, consistent with EPL increasing labor productivity. The positive EPL effect disappears as the level of unionization in a country increases, consistent the notion that very high levels of employee protection reduce firms’ operating flexibility and can result in lower operating profitability.","PeriodicalId":423579,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Labor (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125891335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Consequences of Labor Market Reglations","authors":"Jesús Fernández-Villaverde","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2937931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2937931","url":null,"abstract":"What do we know about the economic consequences of labor market regulations? Few economic policy questions are as contentious as labor market regulations. The effects of minimum wages, collective bargaining provisions, and hiring/firing restrictions generate heated debates in the U.S. and other advanced economies. And yet, establishing empirical lessons about the consequences of these regulations is surprisingly difficult. In this paper, I explain some of the reasons why this is the case, and I critically review the recent findings regarding the effects of minimum wages on employment. Contrary to often asserted statements, the preponderance of the evidence still points toward a negative impact of permanently high minimum wages.","PeriodicalId":423579,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Labor (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115538309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence of Social Policy and Labour Regulation: The European Equation","authors":"Jennifer L. L. Gant","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3848566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3848566","url":null,"abstract":"Labour and employment regulation is a complex and ever changing area of the law fed by social and economic policy, politics, external and internal pressures, and cultural influences. In isolation, labour regulation is particular to the country in which it is found. However, in a world growing smaller due to globalisation,2 the differences in labour regulation between jurisdictions can become an issue in cross-border business transactions and may even affect a multi-national company’s choice of investment. The flexibility of labour regulation can affect the attractiveness of a jurisdiction, as evidenced by the outsourcing of labour intensive sectors of many corporations to developing countries which lack the expense of protective labour regulation and benefit from a cheaper labour force.3<br>Legal systems within the EU have been on a process of slow convergence since the 1950s. However, in examining legal systems with a view to determining their core similarities, some exhibit areas of convergence while other aspects remain quite different.4 Even when comparing those systems that are similar, there remain distinctive characteristics distinguishing one from another. There are differences that seem irreconcilable even within legal groups such as those jurisdictions adhering to the common law or civil law systems. While certain rules and solutions may seem alike, legal cultures and traditions can differ significantly,5 leading to fundamental differences in approach to regulation and policy initiatives. These differences in approach are influenced by aspects of culture and history which cannot easily be separated from the legislative process. Convergence therefore becomes more difficult with culture bound areas of the law, such as labour and employment.<br><br>EU social policy has aimed to harmonise standards based on a minimum floor of rights7 to a level which is more reflective of what is present in the more socially progressive countries, such as France. However, lack of concrete EU wide definitions have made coordination in social policy difficult. Though similar terms to describe elements of procedure may be used, the ideologies and policies informing the objectives of those procedures create a barrier to mutual understanding and an obstacle to coordinated action. The question remains then as to how it may be possible to find a means of coordinating the law in order to create a more balanced environment for cross border business. In discovering the influences on the aims of socially oriented regulation, it may be possible to identify areas where coordination and perhaps convergence may be realistically attempted and to work around those areas in which the different social aims make such convergence impossible or at least improbable in the near future.<br><br>In order to attempt an alignment of labour systems in the EU, which of itself is a potentially unrealistic suggestion, at least in the current political climate and particularly following the","PeriodicalId":423579,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Labor (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124927194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Would Reducing the Price of Employing an Older Worker Improve Labor Market Outcomes by Socioeconomic Status? Evidence from Health Insurance Premium Restrictions","authors":"Matthew S. Rutledge, C. Crawford","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2893250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2893250","url":null,"abstract":"Delaying retirement improves retirement preparedness, but older workers cannot work longer if employers do not hire or retain them. This study examines one way in which public policy potentially makes older workers more attractive to employers: state regulatory restrictions on how much employer premiums are permitted to increase at small firms with older, unhealthier workforces. The study uses data from the Current Population Survey from 1989-2013 to compare older individuals’ overall employment, small-firm employment, and earnings in states with varying degrees of premium regulation, and among workers of different educational backgrounds. The analysis shows mixed results. Stronger premium regulations were not effective in increasing employment: employment at small firms, which are most sensitive to premium increases, saw no statistically significant increase, and overall employment for older workers at both large and small firms increased only slightly. The earnings gap between large and small firms is also smaller in states with tighter restrictions, but older workers were not helped appreciably more than younger workers. These results suggest that indirect efforts to lower the price of hiring an older worker are not likely to be effective in improving their job prospects.","PeriodicalId":423579,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Labor (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122151733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}