Oxford Open Energy最新文献

The interplay of the innovation cycle, build time, lifetime and deployment rate of new energy technologies. A case study of nuclear fusion energy 新能源技术的创新周期、建造时间、使用寿命和部署率之间的相互作用。核聚变能源案例研究

Oxford Open Energy Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiae005

N. J. L. Cardozo, S. H. Ward

{"title":"The interplay of the innovation cycle, build time, lifetime and deployment rate of new energy technologies. A case study of nuclear fusion energy","authors":"N. J. L. Cardozo, S. H. Ward","doi":"10.1093/ooenergy/oiae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ooenergy/oiae005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper analyses how a forced transition to low-carbon energy impacts the innovation of new energy technologies. We apply the insights to nuclear fusion, potentially a large provider of carbon-free energy currently attracting billions in private investments. We discuss the ‘fastest-feasible-growth (FFG)’-curve for transitions: exponential growth followed by linear growth, where the rate of latter is limited by the inverse lifetime of the installation. We analyse how innovation is affected if, during rapid deployment, a technology progresses through several generations. We identify key timescales: the learning time, the generation time, the build time, and the exponential growth time of the early deployment phase and compare these for different energy technologies. We distinguish learning rate-limited and generation-time-limited innovation. Applying these findings to fusion energy, we find that a long build time may slow deployment, slow learning, and promote early technology lock-in. Slow learning can be remedied by developing multiple concepts in parallel. Probabilistic analysis of value implies that the optimal strategy is to parallelise the development of many concepts. This concurs with the present surge in private investment in multiple concepts. For this strategy to be successful, the build time of the power plant must be minimized. This requirement favours concepts that lend themselves to modularisation and parallelisation of production and assembly.","PeriodicalId":423241,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Energy","volume":"29 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ‘Four Ds’ and support for Local Smart Grids: Analysis from national surveys in the United Kingdom and Canada 四个 D "和对地方智能电网的支持：英国和加拿大全国调查分析

Oxford Open Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiae004

Chad Walker, Ian H Rowlands, P. Devine‐Wright, Iain Soutar, Charlie Wilson, Rajat Gupta, H. Devine-Wright, Juli Bishwokarma, Rebecca Ford

{"title":"The ‘Four Ds’ and support for Local Smart Grids: Analysis from national surveys in the United Kingdom and Canada","authors":"Chad Walker, Ian H Rowlands, P. Devine‐Wright, Iain Soutar, Charlie Wilson, Rajat Gupta, H. Devine-Wright, Juli Bishwokarma, Rebecca Ford","doi":"10.1093/ooenergy/oiae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ooenergy/oiae004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Local Smart Grids (LSGs) are emerging during the climate crisis, as governments and industry recognize the need to better integrate intermittent renewable energy, storage, transportation, heating, and smart technologies. Such projects can represent profound changes to the status quo of energy and citizen lifestyles. They are also being associated with the ‘4 Ds’, whereby LSGs are decarbonizing, decentralizing, digitalizing, and potentially democratizing energy systems. Yet due to their recent arrival, there is very little social scientific research that has aimed to better understand the views, expectations, and support for this change. We attempt to fill this important gap in the literature through the analysis of two nationally representative surveys in the United Kingdom (UK) (n=3034) and Canada (n=941). This analysis highlights within and between-country trends, including how the variation in responses regarding the ‘four Ds’, demographic factors, and other variables may explain the differences we see in terms of support for energy system change in the UK and Canada. Our analysis also shows that there are common elements including the importance of the decentralization, and especially the democratization of energy in shaping support. We hope that this study will help governments, industry, community groups, and local residents themselves in both countries come together to advance the kind of LSGs that address climate change, and represent a supported, just energy transition.","PeriodicalId":423241,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Energy","volume":"33 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperature dependence of spray-pyrolysis deposited NiOx layer in inverted perovskite solar cells 倒置型过氧化物太阳能电池中喷雾热解沉积氧化镍层的温度依赖性

Oxford Open Energy Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiae003

Naoyuki Shibayama, S. Fukumoto, Hiroyuki Kanda, Takaya Shioki, Takeshi Fukuda, Yoshihiro Oka, Yuichi Haruyama, Satoru Suzuki, Seigo Ito

引用次数: 0

Perspectives on green hydrogen in Europe - during an energy crisis and towards future climate neutrality 欧洲绿色氢能的前景--能源危机期间和未来气候中和目标

Oxford Open Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiae001

Marie Münster, Rasmus Bramstoft, I. Kountouris, Lissy Langer, Dogan Keles, Ruth Schlautmann, Friedemann Mörs, C. Saccani, Alessandro Guzzini, Marco Pellegrini, A. Zauner, Hans Böhm, Darja Markova, Shi You, Martin Pumpa, Frank Fischer, Francesco Sergi, G. Brunaccini, D. Aloisio, Marco Ferraro, Machiel Mulder, Hans Rasmusson

{"title":"Perspectives on green hydrogen in Europe - during an energy crisis and towards future climate neutrality","authors":"Marie Münster, Rasmus Bramstoft, I. Kountouris, Lissy Langer, Dogan Keles, Ruth Schlautmann, Friedemann Mörs, C. Saccani, Alessandro Guzzini, Marco Pellegrini, A. Zauner, Hans Böhm, Darja Markova, Shi You, Martin Pumpa, Frank Fischer, Francesco Sergi, G. Brunaccini, D. Aloisio, Marco Ferraro, Machiel Mulder, Hans Rasmusson","doi":"10.1093/ooenergy/oiae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ooenergy/oiae001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrogen and regional energy infrastructure are significant for the European Green Deal and was focus ofthe SuperP2G research Project (Synergies Utilising renewable Power Regionally by means of Power to Gas). Five national projects (Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Austria, and Italy) cooperated to investigate Power-to-Gas feasibility. The energy crisis due to the war in Ukraine peaked during the project. The demand for green hydrogen increased as natural gas was reduced. In 2022, the cost of blue hydrogen was 9.5-12.6 EUR/kg. Higher electricity prices impacted the cost of green hydrogen less. Considering the 2021-2022 level of electricity and gas prices, and the potential flexibility of electrolysers, electrolytic hydrogen was on a par with blue hydrogen. On the long term, green hydrogen is assumed to be competitive around 2030. A fast ramping up and favourable electricity cost development could halve the hydrogen production cost until 2040 with investment being the major contributor to a cost reduction. Meanwhile, the smart operation of a wind/electrolyser system might achieve 24% reduction of its operation cost. The following measures are recommended to introduce green hydrogen on large scale: 1) Certification of green and low carbon hydrogen and a uniform CO2 price; 2) Ensuring a level playing field across markets; 3) Enabling policies to enhance European security of supply by increasing domestic production and diversifying imports; 4) Fast ramping of renewable electricity generation; 5) Coordinated planning of hydrogen, methane and electricity infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":423241,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Energy","volume":"369 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finnish perspectives on the business of electricity distribution 芬兰对配电业务的看法

Oxford Open Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiae002

Mikael Collan

引用次数: 0

Integration of Solar Receiver and Thermal Energy Storage into a Single Unit in Concentrating Solar Plants 在聚光太阳能发电厂中将太阳能接收器和热能储存器整合为一个装置

Oxford Open Energy Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiad016

Song Yang, Jun Wang, Peter D. Lund

引用次数: 0

Stretched grid? Managing data center energy demand and grid capacity 拉伸网格?管理数据中心能源需求和电网容量

Oxford Open Energy Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiad014

David Mytton, Masaō Ashtine, Scot Wheeler, David Wallom

引用次数: 0

Next Steps in the Energy Transition – A High-Impact Forum 能源转型的下一步——高影响力论坛

Oxford Open Energy Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiad011

P. D. Lund, Paula Kivimaa, Lena Neij, M. Münster

引用次数: 0

Renewable energy and industrial development in pioneering and lagging regions: the offshore wind industry in Southern Denmark and Normandy 领先和落后地区的可再生能源和工业发展:丹麦南部和诺曼底的海上风电产业

Oxford Open Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiad010

S. Jolly, M. Steen, Teis Hansen, Samson Afewerki

引用次数: 0

Coal phase-out pledges follow peak coal: evidence from sixty years of growth and decline in coal power capacity worldwide 煤炭峰值之后的煤炭淘汰承诺:来自全球煤炭发电能力60年增长和下降的证据

Oxford Open Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiad009

Ole Martin Lægreid, A. Cherp, J. Jewell

{"title":"Coal phase-out pledges follow peak coal: evidence from sixty years of growth and decline in coal power capacity worldwide","authors":"Ole Martin Lægreid, A. Cherp, J. Jewell","doi":"10.1093/ooenergy/oiad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ooenergy/oiad009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Transitioning to net-zero carbon emissions requires phasing-out unabated coal power however recently it has only been declining in some countries, while it stagnated or even increased in others. Where and under what circumstances, has coal capacity reached its peak and begun to decline? We address this question with an empirical analysis of coal capacity in 56 countries, accounting for 99% of coal generation in the world. The peaks in national coal power have been equally spread per decade since 1970. The peaks are more likely to occur in country-years with high levels of electoral democracy, higher GDP per capita, slower electricity demand growth, and with low levels of political corruption. Normally, peaking coal power preceded rather than followed political coal phase-out pledges, often with long time lags. We conclude that though the cost of coal alternatives are declining and concerns over climate change increasing, coal power does not automatically peak even in situations with low demand growth, aging power plants and high import dependence. A quick and decisive destabilisation of coal regimes requires, in addition, to have sufficient economic capacities and strong democratic governance.","PeriodicalId":423241,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116936407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0