{"title":"Blockchain and Property in 2018: At the End of the Beginning","authors":"Michael Graglia, Christopher Mellon","doi":"10.1162/inov_a_00270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/inov_a_00270","url":null,"abstract":"2016 U.S. presidential election that elevated this previously obscure issue to a prominent place in the public discourse. The fundamental problem that has been identified is that the consolidation of power in the hands of a few tech giants has become socially and politically dangerous. Proponents of this idea point to a variety of ills arising from the centralized control of data and of the attention economy in which it is generated, collected, and sold. These include the exploitation of social media marketing by political influence operations, the promulgation of extremist content, algorithmic bias,1. and the monetization of attention.2. A few companies, notably Facebook and Google, effectively control the online marketplace of ideas. As a result, they find themselves responsible for, among other things, policing speech on their platforms. But despite having accumulated powers previously diffused amongst the media, government, and civil society, these platforms are privately governed. And as forprofit enterprises, their interests are aligned not with those of the public, but with those of the shareholders to whom they are accountable. Moreover, the problem is inherently difficult to correct. The ubiquity of these platforms makes it hard for even the most socially-conscious users to “vote with BLOCKCHAIN AND PROPERTY IN 2018","PeriodicalId":422331,"journal":{"name":"Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125512640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Central Banking and Fintech: A Brave New World","authors":"Christine Lagarde","doi":"10.1162/INOV_A_00262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/INOV_A_00262","url":null,"abstract":"bankers and policymakers in the City of London and in the rest of the world, not only since the Middle Ages but in the past 20 years. But the changes of the past two decades are only the beginning. Let us spin the hands of Big Ben forward to 2040 to catch a glimpse of the world in our near future. We might see that: Cars have disappeared, because people are moving about in hovering drones, or “pods,” which elegantly avoid each other in the morning rush hour. One of those pods carries the central bank governor, who recently started her second term. As part of her morning routine, she swipes through a hologram of news videos curated by a digital assistant, before arriving at Threadneedle Street (the location of the Bank of England). The governor disembarks, walks up to the columned façade, opens the door and. . . Who will she encounter inside the building? Are there economists sitting at desks or debating policy choices around a table? Or is there an intelligent machine making decisions, setting rates, and issuing money? In other words, how will fintech change central banking over the next generation? That is the focus of my remarks today. In this essay, I would like to consider the possible impact of three innovations—virtual currencies, new models of financial intermediation, and artificial intelligence. Some of these innovations have already found their way into our wallets, smartphones, and financial systems. But that is only the beginning. CENTRAL BANKING AND FINTECH","PeriodicalId":422331,"journal":{"name":"Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115135277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in Real Time: Challenges and Solutions in Interoperable Payment Systems","authors":"Kosta Peric, M. Abel, Matthew T. Bohan","doi":"10.1162/inov_a_00268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/inov_a_00268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422331,"journal":{"name":"Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128350159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pay for Success as a Policy Tool","authors":"Mayor Ben McAdams, J. Keele, F. Nelson","doi":"10.1162/inov_a_00256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/inov_a_00256","url":null,"abstract":"ing economies, year after year Salt Lake County’s budget is essentially flat. Without additional resources, using taxpayer dollars effectively and efficiently is not only ideal, it’s a necessity. However, as is often the case, state and local governments are reactive—paying for things that often go wrong, such as our prisons and homeless shelters, which provide only limited treatment for people with criminogenic risk factors or behavioral health disorders. Treatment services are inadequately funded to ensure long-term benefits, and even though we know prevention can create savings for years into the future, we rarely invest adequately in the prevention side of the equation. But whether we are paying for a safety net or prevention, the county government has a difficult time justifying the time and cost of evaluating the value of those investments for the people we serve.","PeriodicalId":422331,"journal":{"name":"Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124739403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Addressing the Problem of Scale in Conservation","authors":"A. Dehgan, Cassie Hoffman","doi":"10.1162/inov_a_00254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/inov_a_00254","url":null,"abstract":"tive to the more traditional J-hook. The circle hook’s more rounded shape was designed to decrease the unwanted bycatch of threatened or endangered species (mostly sea turtles) while maintaining or improving species targeted for commercial, recreational, and artisanal fishing (Read, 2007). Conservation groups lauded and promoted the circle hook for enabling fishermen to maintain their income while meeting conservation goals, yet nearly two decades after its introduction, it has not gone to scale.","PeriodicalId":422331,"journal":{"name":"Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization","volume":"355 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134458750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Policy Entrepreneurship at the White House","authors":"T. Kalil","doi":"10.1162/INOV_A_00253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/INOV_A_00253","url":null,"abstract":"the opportunity to serve as policy entrepreneurs acquire tacit knowledge about how to get things done. This knowledge is difficult to share because it is more like learning to ride a bicycle than memorizing the quadratic formula. Furthermore, the knowledge, skills, and heuristics policy entrepreneurs acquire is often dependent on the particular context they are POLICY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AT THE WHITE HOUSE","PeriodicalId":422331,"journal":{"name":"Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132096227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Home Runs to Base Hits","authors":"D. Duke, Erik Simanis","doi":"10.1162/inov_a_00260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/inov_a_00260","url":null,"abstract":"It is these two elements—the unpredictable nature of startups and the critical supporting role of business ecosystems and infrastructure—that underlie the unique challenge of catalyzing the green entrepreneurship and eco-innovation sectors of developing countries. And in today’s world, cultivating an army of innovators to tackle environmental challenges across the globe is a topic worthy of policymakers’ attention. First, it offers a grassroots alternative to governments that are already pulling all available policy levers to combat rapidly eroding topsoils, mounting air pollution, and other environmental predicaments. And second, the security and sustainability of the planet depend on it. Increasing affluence and growing populations mean that the developing world will soon surpass the CO2 emissions levels of industrialized countries, thereby placing an unprecedented burden on the planet’s waste sinks and accelerating climate change.","PeriodicalId":422331,"journal":{"name":"Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116392469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overcoming Barriers to Adoption for Innovations in Policy","authors":"Caraleigh Holverson","doi":"10.1162/inov_a_00257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/inov_a_00257","url":null,"abstract":"likely not the first institution that comes to mind when considering agile, adaptive, and innovative new initiatives, but numerous federal departments and agencies have in fact been quietly moving toward such frameworks in recent years. This raises two questions: What does innovation look like in the current federal context? How can innovation thrive in a diverse, segmented, institutionally constrained, and risk-averse bureaucracy? Drawing from lessons on policy innovation from the Obama administration, I offer reflections based on an intensive nine-month research project for the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). The aim of the project was to gather findings to guide the development of a federal “Innovation Toolkit.” The Toolkit—a digital knowledge-sharing resource for federal employees intended to debut in late 2017—aims not to spur innovation for innovation’s sake, but to encourage the continual evolution of the federal bureaucracy toward a 21st-century government that works better and costs less. This effort to capture the broad range of recent innovative efforts and document how agencies have piloted, iterated, and scaled novel practices is OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO ADOPTION FOR INNOVATIONS IN POLICY","PeriodicalId":422331,"journal":{"name":"Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127129797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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