Body and DesirePub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.1525/california/9780520297968.003.0002
Raphael A. Cadenhead
{"title":"Prelude","authors":"Raphael A. Cadenhead","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520297968.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297968.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In order to counter some of the anachronisms in recent scholarship on Gregory (as outlined in the introduction), the prelude attends to Gregory’s historical context by situating his thinking within the late antique milieu. It begins with an overview of the ecclesio-political context in the aftermath of Constantine’s conversion and considers how the incorporation of the church into imperial life may have inflected Gregory’s ascetic theory. The prelude also explores the burgeoning monastic movement in the late fourth century as well as the ascetical prestige of Gregory’s family.","PeriodicalId":422234,"journal":{"name":"Body and Desire","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121192904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body and DesirePub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.1525/california/9780520297968.003.0010
Raphael A. Cadenhead
{"title":"Male and Female","authors":"Raphael A. Cadenhead","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520297968.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297968.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 8 highlights a new development in Gregory’s thinking: his immersion in the Song of Songs, with its descriptions of the virgin bride longing for her bridegroom, which allows him to view the cultivation of the imago Dei as more than just a mixture of male and female virtues (as in the middle period). He now argues that the soul’s shifting identifications with male and female characteristics take place in a particular order during the course of spiritual ascent. This diachronic progression begins with the life of vice and passion (identified as “womanish”), which is replaced, through ascetical discipline, by the virtuous (“manly”) life and then finally superseded by the soul’s identification with the passionate Virgin Bride of Christ. The second part of the chapter seeks to address the following question: how is Gregory able to insist that there is neither male nor female in Christ Jesus on the basis of Galatians 3:28 while also using gendered imagery to describe the transformations of spiritual ascent? By examining the ever-increasing intimacy between the bride and the bridegroom, it becomes clear that the soul’s erotic relationship with Christ results in the spiritual undoing of “male” and “female” for Gregory in the late phase of his literary career.","PeriodicalId":422234,"journal":{"name":"Body and Desire","volume":"36 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113956410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body and DesirePub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297968.003.0008
Raphael A. Cadenhead
{"title":"Doctrinal Controversies","authors":"Raphael A. Cadenhead","doi":"10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297968.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297968.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 6 examines Gregory’s doctrine of God as it developed in the context of the Eunomian controversy, focusing particularly on the way in which he resists the language of “activity” and “passivity” (and thus, by cultural association, male and female, respectively) from being applied to the Godhead. The full relevance of Gregory’s doctrine of God for the ascetic life is then discussed in depth. The author argues that for Gregory, the imitatio Dei summons the ascetic to a life beyond the fallen associations of male and female, because the persons of the Trinity cannot be described as either passive or active depending on their relationship to each other. Another area of originality in this study is chapter 6’s discussion of the male/female hierarchy in marriage, which Gregory appears to support on the basis of biblical authority. This insight stands in contradistinction to recent feminist readings of his work, which overlook these passages and privilege particular themes in Gregory’s mature thought, especially in relation to the soul’s labile identifications with male and female characteristics.","PeriodicalId":422234,"journal":{"name":"Body and Desire","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134245467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body and DesirePub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297968.003.0009
Raphael A. Cadenhead
{"title":"Spiritual Maturation","authors":"Raphael A. Cadenhead","doi":"10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297968.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297968.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 7 is the first chapter in part C of the book, “Erotic Intimacy with Christ and the Maturation of Desire,” which sees the aging bishop, in the late phase of his literary career, retreat from ecclesiastical affairs and focus more intensely than ever before on the implications of diachronic progress in the spiritual life. Chapter 7 examines the expanded meaning of virginity: it now denotes purity of heart in a general moral sense and can therefore be applied to Christians who are married—as long as their desires are chastened and transformed through the practices of prayer and virtue. Gregory, at this point in his literary career, regards any form of sin (hamartia) as an act of spiritual infidelity against Christ, the incorruptible Bridegroom. The parthenia/porneia disjunction is therefore used to contrast the life of virtue and the life of vice (more generally understood), not simply sexual abstinence and sexual vice. Gregory also applies the theme of maturation to the conjugal life—a point so far overlooked in the secondary literature—which provides new insights into his understanding of the order (taxis) of love in the life of virtue. The chapter ends with a detailed elucidation of Gregory’s diachronically theorized account of spiritual maturation (which highlights the essential incorporation of erotic desire in the practice of contemplation) and examines his on bodily development (especially enfeeblement in old age).","PeriodicalId":422234,"journal":{"name":"Body and Desire","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116445549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body and DesirePub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297968.003.0006
Raphael A. Cadenhead
{"title":"A Worldly Life of Desire","authors":"Raphael A. Cadenhead","doi":"10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297968.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/CALIFORNIA/9780520297968.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 4 is the first chapter in part B of the book, “The Ascetical and Eschatological Mixture of Male and Female,” which considers the significance of two major life-events—the death of two of his siblings, first Basil and then Macrina—on Gregory’s theological and philosophical reflections. Part B also highlights the doctrinal controversies with which Gregory contended as Bishop of Nyssa. Chapter 4 examines Gregory’s ascetical theology during the middle period of his literary career. It begins with a recapitulation of the nexus of associations that arose out of the early phase to chart their train of development in the middle period. Particular focus is given to Gregory’s application (and adaptation) of Plato’s account of “mixed pleasures,” which he uses to characterize human life after the fall. This leads to an analysis of the sufferings of the ascetic life that Gregory portrays as a necessary counterweight to the pursuit of worldly pleasure. Whereas the De virginitate presents the life of virginity as an ascetic release from the worldly burdens associated with the conjugal life, Gregory in the middle period highlights the sufferings inherent in lifelong celibacy (such as loneliness). What then follows is a discussion of the male/female hierarchy in marriage, which Gregory appears to support on the basis of biblical authority and his contempt for worldly manifestations of “womanish” vice.","PeriodicalId":422234,"journal":{"name":"Body and Desire","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116493983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body and DesirePub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.1525/california/9780520297968.003.0011
Raphael A. Cadenhead
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Raphael A. Cadenhead","doi":"10.1525/california/9780520297968.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297968.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The conclusion provides a recapitulation of the salient concepts of Gregory’s ascetical theology to highlight its richest and most striking aspects. It ends with some brief closing suggestions on how these insights challenge the underlying presumptions of contemporary ethical discourse.","PeriodicalId":422234,"journal":{"name":"Body and Desire","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126619224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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