Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of XP-endo Finisher-R in enhancing removal of bioceramic sealer from oval root canal: a micro CT study","authors":"B. Eid, H. Maksoud, T. Elsewify","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.26","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate the efficacy of the XP-endo Finisher-R (XP-FR) and manual H-filing in enhancing the removal of Totalfill BC sealer from oval root canals. \u0000Methodology: Forty mandibular incisors were prepared using ProTaper Next up to file X3 then filled with warm vertical condensation using Totalfill BC sealer. The volume of the root canal filling post-obturation and the remaining volume post-retreatment using Mani NRT-GPR system were assessed using Micro-CT (µ-CT). The total volume in 3 mm was calculated from the cervical line till the root apex using the CT-an software. Specimens were randomly divided into two equal groups n=20 according to the supplementary approach of gutta percha removal used; where Group I: XP-FR was used for 1 min, and Group II: size 30 H-file was used in a filing motion for 1 min. Specimens were again scanned using µ-CT and the remaining gutta percha volume was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon, Man-Whitney, Friedman tests with significance level of 5%. \u0000Results: Significant reduction of the remining filling material was recorded post-retreatment with percentage of reduction of 63.34%, 78.53%, and 66.21% at the apical, middle, and coronal thirds respectively using Mani NRT-GPR system. Supplementary removal approaches significantly improved filling material removal (P<0.05). XP-FR removed significantly more filling material than manual H-filing with percentage of filling material reduction of 52.22%, 34.92%, and 40.60% compared to 21.89%, 18.43%, 31.72% in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (Man-Whitney test, P<0.001). \u0000Conclusions: Rotary retreatment files failed to totally remove the root canal filling material. Supplementary methods have improved root canal filling material removal; where XP-FR significantly removed more filling than manual H-filing.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84819492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of glass fiber on the restorative procedure in relation to fracture strength of endodontically treated molars","authors":"Paola Tentardini Bainy, R. Melara, Luiz Henrique Burnett Júnior, Tiago André Fontoura de Melo","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.24","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate whether the restorative procedure using glass fibers influence the fracture strength of endodontically treated molars with class II mesio-occlusal (MO) preparation. \u0000Methodology: Fifty human maxillary third molars were selected and randomly assigned to five groups (n=10). MO cavity preparation and endodontic treatment were standardized, except for the positive control group (S, sound teeth). The other groups were classified as: ET, no restoration (negative control); SF, restoration with SonicFill 2® system; SFB, restoration with braided glass fiber and SonicFill 2® system; and SFP, restoration with transfixed glass fiber post and SonicFill 2® system. The specimens were subjected to fracture strength testing on a universal testing machine. Fracture site – either pulp chamber floor or cusp – was inspected. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (α=5%). \u0000Results: Means followed by the same letter did not show statistical difference in Tukey’s test (P>0.05). S: 3563A ± 780.7; ET: 1001D ± 237.6; SF: 1689C ± 280.7; SFB: 2256B ± 289.2; and SFP: 2493B ± 364. \u0000Conclusions: The glass fiber, regardless of composition, increases the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth. The use of a glass fiber post attached to the dental crown seems to provide more favorable rehabilitation when the fracture position is determined.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75617590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical reproducibility of Tri Auto ZX2 dedicated motor and electronic foraminal locator in determining root canal working length","authors":"R. A. Bernardes, M. H. Duarte, B. C. Vasconcelos, C. Bramante, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical reproducibility in determining the working length of Tri Auto ZX2 electronic foraminal locator (EFL) with instruments activated in OGP function by comparing the results obtained by this new device with those obtained by Root ZX II EFL. \u0000Methodology: One hundred twenty-five teeth (72 vital and 60 non-vital pulps) were measured by Root ZX II EFL and Tri Auto ZX2 with instruments activated in OGP function to determine their respective working length, which was defined as a zero reading on the EFL. The instrument length was fixed with a rubber stop and measured with a caliper to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. The values obtained by Root ZX II and Tri Auto ZX2 were statistically compared by student t test with 5% of significance. The agreement between the different devices were determined in percentage. The statistical correlation was also used to determine the agreement between the two EFLs. \u0000Results: There were no significant differences between tested EFLs measurements at “0.0” in vital, non-vital and in the overall analysis (P>0.05). Considering the agreement between devices, the results revealed 98.66% and 100% of concordant values in vital and non-vital pulps, respectively. The R2 coefficient obtained was close to 1 in cases of vital pulp, non-vital pulp and in overall analysis, denoting a strong agreement between the EFLs. \u0000Conclusions: The clinical reproducibility of Tri Auto ZX2 was confirmed when compared to Root ZX II, indicating that the new device is effective for clinical use.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82108804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of operator experience on vertical force during instrumentation using Neoniti rotary files","authors":"R. Bukmir, Ema Paljević, A. Braut, Ante Sikirica, Zoran Čarija, I. Pršo, I. Anić","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.17","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to measure the vertical force developed during canal instrumentation with Neoniti rotary files at predetermined torque in relation to the operator’s experience. \u0000Methodology: The research was performed on 60 human maxillary and mandibular incisors extracted for periodontal reasons. Each group of 20 teeth (10 maxillary and 10 mandibular incisors) was prepared by three different operators with different levels of experience in endodontics: a fresh dental school graduate, a postgraduate student training in endodontics and an endodontic specialist. Maxillary incisors represented the experimental model of wide root canals while mandibular incisors represented a model of narrow root canals. Root canals were prepared employing Neoniti files and TCM Endo unit at speed and torque recommended by the manufacturer. Vertical force measurement was performed utilizing device constructed for this purpose. Statistical analysis was accomplished using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s rank correlation. \u0000Results: The amount of vertical force was significantly higher in narrow than in wide root canals (P=0.001). Comparison of vertical forces developed by three different operators demonstrated significant differences (P<0.001). Median vertical force developed by postgraduate student was significantly lower than in other two operators (both P<0.01). In postgraduate student, a significant positive correlation between number of shaped root canals and vertical force was demonstrated (ρ=.490; P=0.003). \u0000Conclusions:  The postgraduate with limited experience in rotary instrumentation had on average lowest values of vertical force as opposed to other two operators. However, these values increased with the number of shaped root canals.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of operator’s experience in three different instrumentation techniques: an in vitro study","authors":"Ilaria La Prova, I. Perondi, S. Corbella, R. Fornara, S. Taschieri","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the influence of operator’s experience comparing rotary and reciprocating shaping systems on simulated root canals. \u0000Methodology: Ninety resin blocks with simulated root canals were distributed to six groups (15 for each group); three groups of instrumentation were assigned to undergraduate students and three to specialists in endodontics. For each category of experience, the shaping was performed with Protaper Gold™, Wave One Gold™ and Stainless-steel K-File (Control). Resin blocks were inked, then pre- and post-instrumentation photographic images were taken to be superimposed by an imaging software (GIMP 2.10.10) and analyzed by ImageJ software. After the use of each instrument, a rinse with NaOCl 2,5% was made. The outcomes evaluated were the presence of apical zip, ledges, perforation, the centering ability and the amount of resin removed.  \u0000Results: The photographic analysis of the resin blocks showed a prevalence of apical zips within the undergraduate groups; the expert groups realized a higher number of ledges, while the number of perforations resulted to be higher in the inexpert Stainless-steel control group. The amount of resin removed was significantly higher in the undergraduate WOG group, as well as the centering ability. \u0000Conclusions: The rotary and reciprocating systems provides valid operative standards; by the way, inexpert operators showed major difficulties managing the reciprocating system. More studies are required to assess this parameter.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85751301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Microbiological Analysis of ProTaper Next, XP-Endo Shaper and Reciproc Blue systems in severely curved canals","authors":"W. Nascimento, M. Montagner, Danilo de Luca Campos, J. P. Drumond, W. Maeda, M. Prado, A. de-Jesus-Soares, M. Frozoni","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.15","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the mechanical reduction of intracanal bacteria produced by the endodontic systems Reciproc Blue (VDW GmbH), XP-Endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire) and ProTaper Next (Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) in severely curved canals by means of a molecular microbiological analysis. \u0000Methodology: A total of 42 severely curved mesiobuccal canals of human permanent mandibular molars were selected and prepared. Then, canals were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis strains (ATCC 29212) by incubation during 21 days at 37 oC for formation of a mature biofilm. After that, contaminated specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=14): ProTaper Next (G1), XP-Endo Shaper (G2) and Reciproc Blue (G3). Microbial samples were obtained before (S1) and after root canal preparation (S2). Analyses of intracanal E. faecalis reduction was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the differences between groups was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Significance level was set at P<0.05. \u0000Results: All systems presented effective bacterial reduction, but still had bacterial growth. No significant difference between the evaluated file systems was demonstrated (P>0.05). \u0000Conclusions: ProTaper Next, Reciproc Blue and XP-Endo Shaper presented similar mechanical reduction of intracanal bacteria. No file system was capable of rendering severely curved canals completely free from bacteria.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73469037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percentage of Gutta-percha filled area in canals shaped with Nickel-Titanium instruments and obturated with GuttaCore and Conform Fit gutta-percha cones","authors":"V. Giuliani, Luca Di Nasso, D. Franceschi, A. Nizzardo, Daniele Scaminaci, G. Pagavino, R. Pace","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare continuous wave with conform fit gutta-percha point and the core-carrier system with GuttaCore assessing the percentage of gutta-percha filled areas (PGFA), sealer filled areas (PSFA) and voids (PVA) in extracted teeth.    Methodology: Seventy-five extracted single rooted premolars were assigned to 5 groups, groups A and C were shaped with WaveOne Gold medium, groups B and D with ProTaper Next X3, and group E with manual instruments #35 K-file. Obturations were managed with GuttaCore in groups A and C; with Conform fit gutta-percha points in groups B and D; and with ISO-sized 35 gutta-percha master cones and cold lateral compaction technique in group E. The teeth were sectioned at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex and for every section the percentages of gutta-percha and sealer filled, and void areas with respect to the total area were calculated. Data obtained were analysed for each variable at each level by using a one-way ANOVA with group as dependent variable (α=0.05). Multiple comparisons between the five experimental groups were conducted by using the Student’s t-test with Sidak alpha correction. Results: At all levels group E produced significantly less PGFA and higher PSFA and PVA than all the other experimental groups. At 2 mm from the apex, group A showed significantly higher PGFA than group C and a significantly lower PSFA than C and D. At 4 mm from the apex groups A and B produced significantly better results in terms of PGFA than groups C and D. The PSFA and PVA were significantly lower in group D with respect to groups A and B. PVA were statistically significant lower in group C than in group B. At 8 mm from the apex group A showed significantly higher PGFA than groups B and D, a significantly lower PSFA and PVA than group B. \u0000Conclusions: Independently of the instrument used for preparation (WaveOne gold versus ProTaper Next) Conform Fit point and GuttaCore produced very homogeneous obturations with high PGFA. The association of WaveOne Gold file system shaping and the GuttaCore obturation technique produced better results in terms of PGFA, PSFA and PVA than all the other techniques especially in the apical portion of the root canals. Manual instrumentation and the cold lateral obturation technique yield poor quality root canal obturations.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82822250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface tension and wetting ability comparison of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with and without surfactants","authors":"G. L. Rosa, C. Scolaro, Giuseppe Leanza, Silvia Rapisarda, G. Isola, M. Cutroneo, L. Torrisi, E. Pedullá","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.16","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the surface tension and wetting ability (contact angle) of endodontic irrigants as 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with and without addition of surfactants. \u0000Methodology: Eighty halves of single-root teeth were randomly distributed into five groups (n=16) to investigate surface tension and wetting ability of: 5.25% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl containing surface-active agents (Hypoclean); 17% EDTA; 17% EDTA with surfactants (EDTA Plus) and freshly obtained distilled water MilliQ as the control group. The surface tension was calculated by the “pendant drop method” and the wettability of the surface by the “sessile drop method”. All measurements were taken at room temperature (20 °C). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). \u0000Results: The highest surface tension and the least wetting ability were observed for distilled water and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (p>0.05). EDTA with or without surfactants and Hypoclean showed a significant lower surface tension and a higher wetting ability than distilled water at room temperature (p 0.05). \u0000Conclusions: Addition of surfactant agents reduces the surface tension and increases the wetting ability of the sodium hypochlorite; surfactants did not affect surface tension and wetting ability of EDTA.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83435185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary management of an external cervical resorption and cemental tear","authors":"T. I. Nathani, M. A. Muriel, Manuel Cabezas Morente, J. Nart, Fernando Durán-Sindreu Terol, F. A. Sans","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The case report presents the management of two different pathologies, external cervical resorption (ECR) and cemental tear, in two different central incisors, owing to the same predisposing factor i.e. trauma from occlusion. \u0000Summary: A 53-year-old man was referred to the University Dental Clinic complaining of a pink spot that he noticed on his right maxillary central incisor. After thorough clinical and radiographic examination, including (FOV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), revealed an external cervical resorption (ECR) classified as class 3Bp in tooth 11 and a probable cemental tear on tooth 21. A root canal treatment was performed on tooth 21 using a single master gutta-percha cone and a bioceramic sealer (Bioroot™ RCS).  Subsequently, due to the extent of the ECR lesion, a combined internal and external approach was planned for tooth 11. The treatment consisted of raising a modified papilla preservation technique over the ECR lesion of tooth 11, followed by a complete rubber dam isolation, using trichloroacetic acid 90%, and blocking the canal with a single gutta-percha cone. The defect was then restored with a resin modified glass ionomer cement (Geristore®). A simplified papilla preservation technique was then extended to treat the cemental tear on tooth 21, within the same intervention, after which the root canal treatment for tooth 11 was completed. A 10-months follow-up examination showed a successful outcome of the apical radiolucency of tooth 21 with clinically stable gingival margins and no further evidence of ECR recurrence. \u0000Key learning points \u0000 \u0000ECR and cemental tear can occur together owing to the same predisposing factor. \u0000CBCT proves to be an indispensable tool in the detection and extent of ECR and cemental tears. \u0000The case report also confirms the easy handling, favorable physical and biological properties of Geristore® cement to restore ECR cavities.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86068859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of photosensitizing agent and number of photodynamic therapy sessions on resistance of fiberglass posts to displacement within the canal","authors":"Bruna Neves Portugal, V. Leitune, Tiago André Fontoura de Melo","doi":"10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32067/GIE.2021.35.01.18","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the influence of the type of photosensitizing agent and the number of photodynamic therapy (PDT) sessions on the resistance of cemented fiberglass posts to displacement within the root canal. \u0000Methodology: Fifty bovine primary incisors were randomly divided into five experimental groups according to the type of photosensitizing agent and to the number of PDT sessions: CG without PDT (control); GF1M one PDT session with methylene blue; GF2M two PDT sessions with methylene blue; GF1T one PDT session with toluidine blue; and GF2T two PDT sessions with toluidine blue. Exacto® fiberglass posts were cemented with RelyX U200® in the root canal and kept for 15 days in distilled water. The specimens were sectioned with an average thickness of 1.56 mm at the cervical, middle, and apical root thirds and subjected to the push-out test. After the test, the fractured specimens were analyzed under a stereomicroscope to determine the fracture pattern. The data obtained were treated by one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). \u0000Results: There was no statistical difference in the comparison of the proposed treatments and the analyzed root thirds (P>0.05). \u0000Conclusions: The type of photosensitizing agent used and the number of PDT sessions do not influence the resistance of cemented intraradicular fiberglass posts to displacement.","PeriodicalId":42221,"journal":{"name":"Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80292064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}