Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Controlling Disinfection By-Products using Chlorine Profile and CT Tables at EL-Nobarya Drinking Water Treatment Plant, Egypt","authors":"B. Omar, Randa Zalouk, S. Soliman, M. El-Gammal","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.194317.1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.194317.1158","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to optimize the disinfection process at the El-Nobarya water treatment plant by developing a disinfection profile and utilizing CT tables as a secondary strategy, along with enhanced coagulation (EC), to achieve a constant reduction in Trihalomethanes (THM) levels and ensure adequate pathogen removal. Temperature effect was studied as chlorine profile was calculated based on highest and lowest water temperature recorded in the plant. Plant processes configuration (baffling factor) and efficiency (log removal) role in reducing chlorine dose by increasing contact time and reducing the log removal required was also determined. The results of disinfection profile revealed that more than 30 log inactivation of Giardia in summer and 11 log inactivation in winter was achieved by disinfection process. The log inactivation was reduced to 8 log in summer and 2.7 log in winter consequently. THM was reduced by more than 50%, even with high temperature and natural organic matter (NOM) level. Moreover, Giardia cysts were completely absent in the treated water. Chlorine dose was reduced from 8 to 5-5.5 gm/m³ with saving of 13000 EP /month. The results of the present study will help operators, consultants, and government agencies to reduce Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) for existing","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81272869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice Straw as a Sustainable Treatment Medium for Grey Wastewater: Case Study in Damietta, Egypt","authors":"K. H. El-Ezaby, A. Soliman, A. Hasaballah","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.208767.1173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.208767.1173","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of using agricultural waste (rice straw), along-with sand and gravel (treatment system A), to treat grey wastewater in comparison to other treatment systems (B, C, and D), which contain diverse treatment media, like sand and gravel only, activated carbon beside sand and gravel, and fired clay along-with sand and gravel, respectively, as wastewater filters. Grey wastewater samples were collected from three selected homes in Damietta Governorate, Egypt, and treated using the four different treatment systems. According to the standard methods of analyses, some physico-chemical characteristics of the grey wastewater, including: temperature, pH, turbidity, TDS, EC, NH 3 , O.P, BOD, and COD, were examined before and after the treatment. Moreover, microbiological characteristics such as TBC, TC, and E. coli were also inspected. The results showed that the physico-chemical characteristics of the treated grey wastewater via the applied treatment systems complied with the ESL for effluents discharged to the sewer systems. The outcomes revealed that the cost-effective treatment system (A) was the best in removing some physico-chemical characteristics compared to the other applied systems, especially in removing BOD, TDS, and EC with mean percent removal of 77.54±4.21%, 47.74±17.62%, and 45.84±16.96%, respectively. Simultaneously, this system achieved good elimination of Turbidity, COD, NH 3 , and OP with mean removal rates of 86.14±10.49%, 84.76±1.77%, 74.5±16.11%, and 71.77±8.12%, successively. Moreover, it has substantially removed some microbiological characteristics from the grey wastewater without disinfection and attained removal rates of 94.42% and 69.33% for E. coli and TBC, respectively.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79881826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of Electrical Resistivity Methods to Investigate Water Table Potentials of Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Onyenweife I","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1776","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Geophysical exploration for water table characteristics were carried out in six (6) communities of Njikoka and environs through which water table depth, depth below the water table, thickness of the saturated zone, depth with reference to mean sea level (MSL) and types of aquifer were deduced. The proven geoelectric sections of the study area based on resisitivity from the subsurface and electrical log which confirmed that depth to water table of Njikoka and environs could range from 15 m – 100 m. Depth below the water table in the study area ranged 40 m (around Nimo, Enugu Agidi) to 200 m (Ifitedunu, Ukpo) while the thicknesses of the saturated zones (aquifers) varies from 25 m to 160 m within the respective communities. Depths to Mean Sea Level were delineated to range from – 20 m to – 198 m as obtained from the difference in the water table depths and the heights above sea level which is the elevations. \u0000Methodology: Subsurface geophysical exploration was employed in the research of groundwater availability of Njikoka and environs. Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding which is the subsurface geophysical method was carried out only on two locations in each of the communities. The geophysical investigation was made with Earth Resistivity equipment \u0000Findings: From the revealed results the study area is dominated with low land topography and prominently composed of unconfined with less cases of confined aquifer as a result of the geological settings of the study area. ","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75255788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residence Awareness of Improper Disposal of Waste at dump site: A case study of New Igando community","authors":"Tunde Damilola","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1777","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the level of residence awareness of improper disposal of waste at dumpsite in Igando Community. \u0000Methodology: This study is a descriptive survey design type because it is designed to determine the nature of a situation in this case. The data was collected using questionnaire. \u0000Findings: A greater percentage of the respondents understand the simple definition term for waste which was quiet encouraging. It shows that the respondents do not know the likely cause of the effects of improper waste disposal.  Majority of the respondents indicated environmental pollution as the cause of the effect of improper waste management. The result of improper disposal of waste results to contamination of underground water, retarded growth in plant and animal, it attracts mosquitoes which cause malaria. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that Upgrading of Solous landfill is highly recommended so as to guarantee the integrity of the groundwater quality in the vicinity. Markets for recycled materials need to be encouraged. A reliable waste collection service is needed and waste collection vehicles need to be appropriate to local conditions.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79952291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes, Effects and Potential Health Risk of Gully Erosion Menace in Calabar Municipal: Residence Perspective","authors":"B. Bassey","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1774","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present study sought to investigate the potential health risk associated with gully erosion in addition to environment effect which is commonly investigated upon by researchers. The prevalence of gullies in Calabar Municipal was also a unique factor in this study. \u0000Methodology: Data were gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The main instrument for gathering primary data was the questionnaire design by the researcher and validated with a reliability coefficient of .76. Descriptive statistics of mean, and graphs were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using dependent t-test at .05 level of significant. \u0000Findings: The findings revealed that human activities such as farming, intensive and short-period rainfall, improper land use, improper irrigation design, improper discharge of water in the channels¸ soil characteristics where the cause of gully erosion in the study area; while open grassing was not part of the cause of gully erosion in the study area. it was further discovered that effect of gully erosion included, Loss of farmland, threat to vegetations and biodiversity, loss of properties, increase poverty and famine, expansion of degraded land, increase surface runoff, low agricultural production, environmental destruction with significant health implication p<.00<.05. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study concluded that there is need for adequate funding, committed political will (not lip-service) and well-articulated sustainable policies are required in other to solve the problems of gully erosion in Calabar municipal.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88742499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Distribution of Fungi Associated with “Ikwe Pond” Water Source: Their Impact on Water Quality and Human Health","authors":"E. O. Mbong, E. Edem, Sajjad Hussain, M. Ntekpe","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1773","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Fungal infections are becoming more and more important because of increasing numbers of immunosuppressed patients. Nonetheless, waterborne fungi are associated with variety of health related conditions. Fungi in the aquatic ecosystem perform essential functions in biogeochemical cycles. However, knowledge of fungal communities associated to a particular aquatic ecosystem is important. In the present study, we seek to investigate the fungal distribution and diversity in Ikwe Pond, located in Eket. \u0000Methodology: A total of thirty different water points were sampled using 30 thoroughly washed 0.50L sterile plastic containers and cultured on SDA plates with 1ml of dilution factors 10-3 and 10-6 used as inoculums. Six fungal species namely Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus niger.  Cryptococcus sp, Absidia sp, Geotricium sp, were isolated from the 30 sampling points. \u0000Findings: Upstream recorded a total of 27 spores, midstream had 14 spores while downstream recorded 8 spores. Also the colony count revealed that upstream had the highest number of fungal spores count. Clearly, the upstream (59.3%) and the midstream (78.6%) sampling points were dominated by Aspergillus niger while the downstream water column was dominated by Candida tropicalis (50%). \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: In many countries, there has been little focus on the occurrence of fungi in water which can lead to severe health related issues but with monitoring on the frequency and distribution of fungi in our waters, this perceived health related complications can be checked.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75727842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Implication of Human - wildlife conflict in Lupande Game Management Area – Mambwe District, Eastern Province","authors":"Chilembo Morgan, P. Nyanga","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1758","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study aimed at establishing the economic loss caused by Human - wildlife conflict amongst small scale farmers and government. To achieving the purpose, the research was mainly guided by three objectives. To estimate the economic value of damage in agriculture, to estimate the economic value related with control by killing of problematic animals and effectiveness of response strategies in addressing Human - wildlife conflict. \u0000Methodology: The study utilised descriptive research design where primary data was collected from key informants by applying semi-structured interview guide using convenient sampling.  Purposive sampling during focus group discussion meetings using focus group discussion guides was administered in Human - wildlife conflict hot spot areas. The researcher further used secondary data to gain more understanding and gather adequate information about the area of study. Therefore, 70% of the affected households from Department of National Parks and Wildlife Human - wildlife conflict SMART raw data was used. Subsequently, Descriptive Statistics, using averages and totals to analyse quantitative data, was used while qualitative data was analysed using Content and Thematic Analysis. \u0000Findings: The summary of the results showed that economic damage in agriculture was quite enormous affecting farmers with K180, 317.00 being the highest in the damage range of 25-50 percent. Regarding the estimation on economic value related with problematic animal control by killing, it was established that the government of Zambia incurred huge revenue loss amounting to K 4,318,049.86 if such animals or trophies were sold. On the effectiveness of response strategies, the majority of the participants stated that few measures were put in place to solve Human – wildlife conflict. In Zambia, several researchers and scholars have reviewed Human – wildlife conflict phenomena. However, there has been no study that has sought to establish economic implication on small scale farmers and revenue loss to the government through control by killing of problematic animals. This study therefore seeks to fill this knowledge gap looking at estimation of economic implications of Human – wildlife conflict in the study area. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The results of this study could influence formulation of appropriate mitigation measures and policies for wildlife conservation and revenue recovery from controlled by killed of such animals in Zambia.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76244838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the Aboveground Carbon Stock in Kanonge Local Forest of Kaputa District in Northern Province, Zambia","authors":"A. Nyirenda","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1757","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The majority of district-level carbon stock estimates for the local forests are obsolete and incomplete. Because of this, decisions made by policymakers have an impact on forest regions. This study establishes some baseline information for estimates of the above-ground carbon stocks in the nearby Kanonge forest. \u0000Methodology: The use of a sequential explanatory design allowed the quantitative data to be collected and analysed first, and the qualitative data to be collected and analysed later to explain why the variables identified in the first phase are significant predictors of the aboveground carbon stocks. As a result, 15 sample plots were used in the forest, 286 households were sampled on villages within 5km radius to the forest, 8 key informants were sampled from Forestry Department, 8 from Ministry of Agriculture, 10 village head persons and 10 forest users. The quantitative data was collected using forest inventories and household surveys while qualitative data was collected using key informants’ interviews. The allometric equations were used to analyse forest inventory data, logistic regression was used to analyse household survey data and the key informant interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. \u0000Findings: The results show that, the above ground biomass and carbon stock were 276.19 ± 7.41 and 155.76 ± 4.18 t ha-1 respectively. The logistic regression results shows that Forest products use, farm size, household size and forest clearing where the significant predictors of the reduction of the aboveground carbon stocks. The results further reveals that there is inadequate intersectoral coordination at district and local level. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Further study should be done to find strategies to sustain carbon stocks in the forest while maintaining the use of the forest by the local communities. This study provides accurate estimates of forest and tree carbon stocks and supports in the development of the district integrated plan in accordance with decentralized policy. This information can therefore be used at the district and federal levels in various carbon programs like REDD+, offering the district the chance to participate in the fight against climate change and global warming.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87965341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics and Issues in Land Administration Systems in South South Cities, Nigeria","authors":"M. Mbee, T. Joseph","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1729","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The land administration system in Nigeria has undergone changes over the years. The quest for a sustainable land administration system is borne out of the interest associated with land ownership. This study investigates the dynamics and issues that affect the land administration system in the south-south geopolitical zone, of Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: A survey research method was used in the study. Registered practicing planners constituted the study population and the data for the study were gathered using a questionnaire and secondary data. There were 522 registered practicing town, planners, in the south-south geo-political region at the time of this study and the researchers adopted a census of all the planners as participants in the study. However, only 414 of the censused population correctly filled out and returned copies of the questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative tools were used in analyzing the data. \u0000Findings: This study demonstrates that political interference, cultural practice, institutional frameworks, finance, existing laws, data quality, manpower and adoption of standards threaten the land administration system in south south geopolitical zone, of Nigeria. However, the financial constraint has the highest mean score of 3.40 and ranks first among the various challenges while data quality scored 2.97 and ranked 7th position among the several issues confronting the land administration system. As revealed by the study, institutional framework and existing laws in the land both ranked 6th position with a mean score of 3.18. The study empirically showed that there is no significant difference in the challenges of land administration systems in by states since the p-value (0.372) is greater than the critical level of alpha (0.05). \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: To enhance the smooth administration of land in Nigeria, the study recommended that government should adequately fund the agencies that are statutorily saddled with the responsibility of designing land administration systems to guarantee interest in land and promote urban development.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88140763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood Hazard Mapping in Western Luxor, Egypt using Remote Sensing and Spatial Analyses","authors":"M. Aly, M. El-Gammal, A. El-Zeiny, Mervat Mossad","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.274373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.274373","url":null,"abstract":"Watershed management is critical to sustainable development. The topographical, and hydrogeomor-phological conditions in the western part of the Luxor region give rise to sudden floods. The purpose of the present study is to map the flood hazard zones in the western part of Luxor by using: 1- linear Watershed Index Model (LWIM) through the identification of 24 morphometric parameters; 2- DEM, as input to the GIS environment, using the Arc hydro-Tool; 3- Remote sensing (RS), is built into GIS to detect LU /LC via supervised classification of Landsat images, for the year 1991/2021, and Dreanig density (Dd) maps; 4-Integration of LWIM, Dd, and LU/LC maps. Results indicated that agricultural land increased by approximately (292.7 km 2 ), while urbanization increased by (43 km 2 ) between 1991 and 2021, expanding toward the western structure plateau. This study concluded that flood areas west of Luxor are confined to the desert area west of cities Luxor - Arment, and Isna. These areas represent 13.25 % of the hazard flooding zones. The study proposed to establish small dams with diversion channels in the way of the mainstream channels with high orders 4 th and directed the water of flood to new canals which joined with the main canals in the study area, re-design of the desert zone west of Luxor.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86269130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}