Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Germanium and Zinc Selenium Nanocrystals on the Photoelectric Properties of the n-GaAs – p-(GaAs)0.69(Ge2)0.17(ZnSe)0.14 Heterostructure","authors":"S. Zainabidinov, A. Boboev, J. Usmonov","doi":"10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.043-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.043-051","url":null,"abstract":"The article determines the technological conditions of growing the films of solid solution (GaAs)1-x-y(Ge2)x(ZnSe)y on GaAs substrates by the method of liquid phase epitaxy from the tin melt-solution. The grown epitaxial films had the thickness of ~ 10 μm, n -type conductivity with specific resistances of ~ 0.1 Ωˑcm and the current carrier concentration of 5.1ˑ1017 cm-3. Spectral photosensitivity of n-GaAs – p-(GaAs)0.69(Ge2)0.17(ZnSe)0.14heterostructureshave been studied and two distinct peaks corresponding to Ge nanocrystals with GaAs molecule compounds and ZnSe quantum dots have been detected. It is shown that the photosensitivity spectrum of the studied solid solution has six Gaussian components which correspond to the pair atoms of Ge2 and compounds AsGe, GaGe, GeSe, AsZn, GaSe and ZnSe. The spatial configurations of tetrahedral bonds within nanoclusters formed by Ge and ZnSe impurities based on a GaAs unit cell are presented. It is also determined that the nanoclusters in the solid solution (GaAs)1-x(Ge2)x consist of three As atoms, two Ge atoms and three Ga atoms. Since the unit cell of the lattice with the diamond-like structure consists of eight atoms, the linear dimensions of the nanocluster are 5.6, 5.6, 5.6 A. In the nanocluster in the solid solution (GaAs)1-x-y(Ge2)x(ZnSe)y formed by the GaAs molecule, ZnSe and the Ge2 pair atoms contains 14 atoms: five As atoms, two Ge atoms, one Se atom, one Zn atom, and five Ga atoms. So the As and Ga atoms are bound through the Ge, Zn, and Se atoms, and therefore the linear dimensions of the nanoclusters become 5.6; 5.6; 10 A. Thus, the matrix lattice consists of GaAs molecules and twin Ge atoms, and ZnSe molecules are located on their surface defective regions. Since zinc selenide molecules and germanium selenide compounds form three acceptor levels in the GaAs valence band, and the ZnSe lattice parameter is slightly larger than the matrix lattice, at ZnSe locations, the lattice microdistortions are observed and they have an increased potential which promotes the formation of ZnSe nanocrystals.","PeriodicalId":421354,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)","volume":"25 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125767048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Protection of Working Zone against Fine-Dispersed Lithium Compounds Dust by Its Return to the Production Cycle","authors":"L. L. Ferapontova, N. A. Bulaev, Yu. Ferapontova, N. Posternak","doi":"10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.052-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.052-062","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of experimental data, it was found that the main source of lithium compounds dust into the environment is the vacuum-drying cabinets and presses used in the technological process at the stage of manufacturing chemosorbents over which forced exhaust ventilation is installed, effectively removing the dust of lithium com-pounds from the air of the working area (up to a value of 0.014 mg/m3 which is 30% less than MPC). We have used the chemical and qualitative X-ray phase analysis methods to determine the chemical composition of dust. It follows from the results obtained that the main components in the dust composition are lithium hydroxide monohydrate and lithium hydroxide – the substances used in technological processes as the main raw material and have a sufficiently high cost. The article analyzes the dispersed composition of dust and its concentration in the air of the working area. It was found that the bulk of the dust particles are much larger than 10 microns, and the dust concentration of lithium compounds is not more than 4.6–6.0 mg/m3 throughout the process. Several systems of air purification from lithium compounds dust are considered. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, the purification system consisting of a battery cyclone and subsequent air flow bubbling through the water layer is proposed. The system allows us to reduce the dust concentration to a value of 0.017 mg/m3 which is 15% less than the MPC for hydroxide and lithium peroxide. It is shown experimentally that the dust of lithium compounds obtained as a result of removal from the air of the working zone can be used in the technological cycle of synthesis of lithium peroxide providing the possibility of obtaining a final product with a content of the base material up to 93.3% by weight. This scheme of removal of lithium compounds dust and its subsequent return to the production cycle can be used in the development of initial data for the design of environmentally friendly lithium peroxide production technology.","PeriodicalId":421354,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123077719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of Alternative Fuels Application to Reduce Emissions of Particulate Matters less than 10 Microns Polluting the Urban Atmosphere during Vehicle Operation","authors":"V. Azarov, S. V. Gaysin, V. F. Koutenev","doi":"10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.063-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.063-070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421354,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133749113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Modes of Operation of a Multi-Machine Installations with Mechanical Reduction","authors":"A. Oleynikov, L. Kanov","doi":"10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.012-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.012-022","url":null,"abstract":"The paper gives the description of the original wind electrical installation with mechanical reduction in which the output of vertical axis wind turbine with rather low rotation speed over multiplicator is distributed to a certain number of generators. The number of acting generators is determined by the output of actual operating wind stream at each moment. According to this constructive scheme, it is possible to provide effective and with maximum efficiency installation work in a wide range of wind speeds and under any schedule issued to the consumer of electricity. As there are no any experience in using such complexes, mathematical description of its main elements is given, namely windwheels, generators with electromagnetic excitation of magnetic electrical type, then their interaction with windwheel, and also the results of mathematical modeling of work system regimes under using the offered system of equations. The basis for the mathematical description of the main elements of the installation – synchronous generators – are the system of equations of electrical and mechanical equilibrium in relative units in rotating coordinates without considering saturation of the magnetic circuit. The equation of mechanical equilibrium systems includes torque and brake windwheel electromagnetic moments of generators with taking into account the reduction coefficients and friction. In addition, we specify the alternator rotor dynamics resulting from continuous torque of windwheel fluctuations under the influence of unsteady wind flow and wind speed serving as the original variable is modeled by a set of sinusoids. Model simplification is achieved by equivalization of similar generators and by disregarding these transitions with a small time constant. Calculation the installation with synchronous generators of two types of small and medium capacity taking into account the operational factors allowed us to demonstrate the logic of interactions in the main elements of the reported complex in the process of converting wind flow into the generated active and reactive power. We have shown the possibility of stable system work under changeable wind stream condition by regulating of the plant blade angle and with simultaneous varying of generator number of different types. All these are in great interest for project organizations and power producers.","PeriodicalId":421354,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124816296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Technical and Economic Efficiency of the Closed Hydrogen Cycle at the Nuclear Power Plant","authors":"R. Aminov, A. Egorov","doi":"10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.023-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.023-035","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the technical and economic efficiency of combining NPP with a hydrogen energy complex based on a closed hydrogen cycle. At the present stage of the study, the use of electrolysis hydrogen is a well-known approach to providing NPP with a base load during hours of minimum electrical load in the power system. Despite the existing concerns about the safety of using hydrogen fuel in the cycles of thermal power plants, this approach can improve the efficiency of NPP by accumulating unclaimed nighttime electricity and then generating additional electricity during hours of maximum electrical loads in the power system. This provides the further development of clean energy based on atomic-hydrogen technologies. The article conducts a study of the technical and economic efficiency of closed hydrogen cycle implementation at NPP depending on the cost of off-peak electricity for the needs of the hydrogen energy complex. The assessment of the main indicators of the technical and economic efficiency of hydrogen energy complex main equipment based on a closed hydrogen cycle which prevents hydrogen entering into the main steam cycle allows us to analyze the efficiency of combining NPP with a hydrogen energy complex. For this purpose, an increase in the power generated at a steam turbine installation is estimated due to an increase in steam consumption and efficiency of the flow part; based on the calculation of heat and mass transfer processes, the required area of heat exchange surfaces of a closed system of hydrogen superheating of steam is determined; the main capital and operating costs are calculated. As an example, a comparative assessment of two options for the closed hydrogen cycle implementation is carried out: at elevated and atmospheric pressure of combustion products. As a result of the calculations, we have obtained the main indicators of comparative technical and economic efficiency of the implementation of the proposed schemes for combining nuclear power plants with a hydrogen energy complex based on a closed hydrogen cycle. The zones of economic efficiency are determined depending on the cost of off-peak electricity for the needs of the hydrogen energy complex. As shown by calculations, reducing the pressure of combustion products to atmospheric leads to a certain decrease in the efficiency of the closed hydrogen cycle. The results obtained can be used in the development and optimization of systems for increasing the economically feasible maneuverability of NPP based on a combination with a hydrogen energy complex.","PeriodicalId":421354,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128997847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Chemical Hythane Composition on Pressure in Combustion Chamber of Engine","authors":"A. Shaikin, I. Galiev","doi":"10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.036-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.10-12.036-042","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the influence of chemical composition of hythane (a mixture of natural gas with hydrogen) on pressure in an engine combustion chamber. A review of the literature has showed the relevance of using hythane in transport energy industry, and also revealed a number of scientific papers devoted to studying the effect of hythane on environmental and traction-dynamic characteristics of the engine. We have studied a single-cylinder spark-ignited internal combustion engine. In the experiments, the varying factors are: engine speed (600 and 900 min-1), excess air ratio and hydrogen concentration in natural gas which are 29, 47 and 58% (volume).The article shows that at idling engine speed maximum pressure in combustion chamber depends on excess air ratio and proportion hydrogen in the air-fuel mixture – the poorer air-fuel mixture and greater addition of hydrogen is, the more intense pressure increases. The positive effect of hydrogen on pressure is explained by the fact that addition of hydrogen contributes to increase in heat of combustion fuel and rate propagation of the flame. As a result, during combustion, more heat is released, and the fuel itself burns in a smaller volume. Thus, the addition of hydrogen can ensure stable combustion of a lean air-fuel mixture without loss of engine power. Moreover, the article shows that, despite the change in engine speed, addition of hydrogen, excess air ratio, type of fuel (natural gas and gasoline), there is a power-law dependence of the maximum pressure in engine cylinder on combustion chamber volume. Processing and analysis of the results of the foreign and domestic researchers have showed that patterns we discovered are applicable to engines of different designs, operating at different speeds and using different hydrocarbon fuels. The results research presented allow us to reduce the time and material costs when creating new power plants using hythane and meeting modern requirements for power, economy and toxicity.","PeriodicalId":421354,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124045986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Type of Stacked Supercapacitors","authors":"K. K. Denshchikov","doi":"10.15518/isjaee.2019.07-09.097-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2019.07-09.097-105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421354,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114960376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Technologies for Creating Energy Accumulation Systems","authors":"K. K. Denshchikov, A. Varaksin","doi":"10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.07-09.106-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.07-09.106-115","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the research and development of the electric power storage devices based on hybrid technologies. Studies and analysis of the required conditions for the application of energy storage systems have shown that their main technical characteristics - stored energy, output power and discharge time obviously cannot be implemented in at least scalable but identical technical devices. In order to solve this problem, the hybrid technologies and he differentiation of energy storage systems are used according to the conditions of applying. For example, to ensure the quality of power supply of almost all end-users of the industrial and private sector, it has been proposed to use hybrid accumulation systems based on batteries and supercapacitors. Hybrid power storage systems of this type have identical technical solutions with an operating voltage of 380 volts and a nominal power in the range of units of kilowatts - units of megawatts depending on the power of the storage elements used. The article shows that ensuring the quality of power supply to consumers of electricity in petrochemical industries subject to emergency shutdowns and significant violations of regulatory requirements for the quality of power supply due to incorrect operation of power supply networks and other high-voltage equipment is possible with the help of hybrid energy storage systems of the kilovolt and megawatt ranges based on batteries of supercapacitors and static compensators of reactive power which allow supporting a required level and quality of the voltage, increase the capacity of transmission lines.","PeriodicalId":421354,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124046181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Solar-Wind Hydrogen Energy System for the Ceará State-Brazil","authors":"E. M. D. Sacramento, A. D. Sales, L. C. D. Lima, T. Veziroglu","doi":"10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.07-09.032-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15518/ISJAEE.2019.07-09.032-042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421354,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)","volume":"88 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113943985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Nitrogen Oxides Emission by Modern Vehicles when Used Hydrogen or Other Natural and Synthetic Fuels in Combustion Chamber","authors":"S. Shcheklein, A. Dubinin","doi":"10.15518/isjaee.2019.07-09.073-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2019.07-09.073-084","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents calculated analysis of the equilibrium emission of nitrogen oxides at the exhaust of carburetor and diesel internal combustion engines. The temperature of the fuel oxidation process is assumed to be 1,400 °C, the pressure for carburetor and diesel engines to be 60 and 80 at, respectively. We have conducted studies for natural and artificial fuels: hydrogen, ethanol, methanol, gasoline, diesel fuel and methane with an excess air ratio corresponding to the oxidation temperature of fuels 1,400 °C. The method of calculating the equilibrium composition based on the equilibrium constant and the equations of mass conservation is applied. It is shown that with an increase in pressure from 1 to 60 bar for the carburetor engines and up to 80 bar for the diesel engines the reaction of nitrogen dioxide formation shifts towards an increase in NO2. Increasing the pressure has no effect on the formation of NO, since the reaction proceeds without changes in the volume. It is established that the main polluting atmospheric component is NO. However, it is advisable to make greater use of fuel with the lowest yield nitrogen dioxide (methane and methanol) because nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pertaining to the chemicals 2ndclass of danger is the most dangerous to humans. It is established that the reducing temperature of oxidation using hydrogen as fuel for electrochemical power generators allows us to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides over an order of magnitude in comparison with the best results for internal combustion engines.","PeriodicalId":421354,"journal":{"name":"Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE)","volume":"126 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124230454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}