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Rites for the Dead, Amity for the Living: the Old Assyrian nasbītum Rite and Its Relation to the Old Babylonian kispum 死者的仪式，生者的和睦：古亚述纳斯比图姆仪式及其与古巴比伦基斯普姆的关系
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1163/15692124-12341343
Trey Nation
{"title":"Rites for the Dead, Amity for the Living: the Old Assyrian nasbītum Rite and Its Relation to the Old Babylonian kispum","authors":"Trey Nation","doi":"10.1163/15692124-12341343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While recent scholarship has clarified the spelling of the little-known Old Assyrian <em>nasbītum</em> rite, formerly glossed as <em>naspittum</em>, its etymology and social context have remained obscure. This paper suggests the elusive rite has its etymology in the <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">OA</span> verb <em>sabā’um</em>, “to brew/draw beer,” and refers to the act of libation. While the textual evidence for <em>nasbītum</em> is currently limited, an analysis of the rite as it occurs in the <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">OA</span> corpus suggests that <em>nasbītum</em> was the <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">OA</span> term for the care and feeding of the spirits of the dead, analogous to the better-known Old Babylonian <em>kispum</em>.</p>","PeriodicalId":42129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141719995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ritual as an Aspect of Cultural Integration: Ugarit, Emar, and the Hittites in Syria 仪式是文化融合的一个方面：叙利亚的乌加里特、埃玛尔和赫梯人
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1163/15692124-12341345
John Tracy Thames
{"title":"Ritual as an Aspect of Cultural Integration: Ugarit, Emar, and the Hittites in Syria","authors":"John Tracy Thames","doi":"10.1163/15692124-12341345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341345","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although the Syrian kingdoms of the 13th century <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">BCE</span> may not have been integrated into the Hittite empire politically or economically, there is evidence that the Hittites employed strategies of cultural integration – part of bridging the geographical and social divide between the rulers and the ruled. The recently published documents from Ugarit reveal that both the Hittite Great king himself, as well as the King of Karkamiš, who administered the Syrian kingdoms, participated in Ugaritic ritual management and sent Hittite agents to offer sacrifices foreign to Ugarit. These features resonate with the emerging understanding of ritual practice at Emar as deeply influenced by Hittite ritual ideas and closely managed by Hittite officials, raising anew the question of Emar’s cult for “the gods of Ḫatti.” This investigation demonstrates aspects of foreign involvement in Ugaritic and Emarite ritual that contributed to the ongoing negotiation of power between those regions as political actors.</p>","PeriodicalId":42129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141719994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Evidence of Osiris Lord of Neheh-Eternity in Amun Temple B 700 at the Sacred Town of Gebel Barkal, Sudan 苏丹杰贝勒巴卡尔圣城阿蒙神庙 B 700 中尼赫永恒之神奥西里斯的证据
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1163/15692124-12341344
Simone Petacchi
{"title":"The Evidence of Osiris Lord of Neheh-Eternity in Amun Temple B 700 at the Sacred Town of Gebel Barkal, Sudan","authors":"Simone Petacchi","doi":"10.1163/15692124-12341344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341344","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on the analysis of a religious text coming from the reused blocks in Amun temple B 700 at the capital of the Napatan Kingdom (713–290 <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">BCE</span>), in the Sudan. This is the first fragmented Osirian hymn attested in Kush, while its integral version was found in Thebes, in the inner walls of the chapel erected by the Divine Adoratrice Ankhnesneferibre at Karnak North. The article presents the content of this hymn and its commentary, investigating the possible origins of the cult of this solarised form of Osiris associated to a local deity such as Dedwen in Nubia.</p>","PeriodicalId":42129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions","volume":"307 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141719992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Der verarmte missachtete Gelehrte: Über einen Sondertyp vom mesopotamischen leidenden Gerechten und seine neuen Erkenntnisse über menschliches Leiden 贫困的被忽视的学者：关于美索不达米亚苦难义士的一种特殊类型及其对人类苦难的新见解
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1163/15692124-12341342
Josephine Fechner
{"title":"Der verarmte missachtete Gelehrte: Über einen Sondertyp vom mesopotamischen leidenden Gerechten und seine neuen Erkenntnisse über menschliches Leiden","authors":"Josephine Fechner","doi":"10.1163/15692124-12341342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Der mesopotamische “leidende Gerechte” wurde bislang als eine weitestgehend homogene Figur bewertet: als ein gottesfürchtiger und rechtschaffener (aber nicht unfehlbarer!) Mensch, der trotz seiner redlichen Lebensführung unerklärliches Leiden in Form von Krankheiten, sozialem Abstieg und Verarmung ertragen muss. Anhand neuer Textquellen zum “leidenden Gerechten” aus der Brief- und Weisheitsliteratur wird in diesem Beitrag ein spezifischer Typ des “leidenden Gerechten” herausgearbeitet: der seit mindestens der altbabylonischen Zeit dokumentierte <em>verarmte missachtete Gelehrte</em>, oft in Form des <em>abgesetzten königlichen Gelehrten</em>, der neue Erkenntnisse zu den alten Fragen der mesopotamischen Theodizee zu vermitteln vermag: Wer ist (ursächlich) verantwortlich für unerklärliches menschliches Leiden? Nach dem <em>verarmten missachteten Gelehrten</em> ist das de facto die Menschheit selbst! Und wie kann unerklärliches Leiden gelöst, oder besser noch: verhindert werden, wenn nicht (allein) durch Gottesfurcht und Rechtschaffenheit? Theoretisch, indem ein Mensch “ein Haus mit guten Geistern” bewohnt, doch die praktische Umsetzung dieser Empfehlung bleibt schwierig.</p>","PeriodicalId":42129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141719993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Adoption of Nabû and Tašmētu into the Babylonian Pantheon 纳布和塔什米图进入巴比伦万神殿
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1163/15692124-12341340
Zachary Rubin
{"title":"The Adoption of Nabû and Tašmētu into the Babylonian Pantheon","authors":"Zachary Rubin","doi":"10.1163/15692124-12341340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341340","url":null,"abstract":"Though Nabû is well known in Babylonian religion as the minister of its patron god Marduk, and Tašmētu as Nabû’s wife, this paper argues that they were not originally envisioned as such. Instead, both the god and goddess seem to have been introduced into Marduk’s circle over the course of the Old Babylonian period, having previously been venerated in independent cults. Unexpected appearances of Tašmētu within the ritual practices of Babylon also suggest that she was only recognized as Nabû’s wife after they were both integrated into the Babylonian pantheon. Evidence of their early independence and subsequent assimilation is drawn from a wide pool of contemporary sources, including god lists, onomastics, and seal inscriptions, as well as descriptions of traditional ritual arrangements from later periods.","PeriodicalId":42129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Divine and Human Hatred in Ancient Egypt 古埃及的神恨与人恨
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1163/15692124-12341339
Amgad Joseph
{"title":"Divine and Human Hatred in Ancient Egypt","authors":"Amgad Joseph","doi":"10.1163/15692124-12341339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341339","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the conceptualization of hatred as a complicated and intense emotion in the realms of humans and deities in ancient Egypt. It thoroughly discusses the addressees, psychology, effects, justifications, and incitements of hatred, as well as the possibility of the pacification of its feelings. It discusses the attestations of hatred, its perceived consequences and experience by the deities, living and dead humans. The article also examines the phraseology, contextualization, and lexical semantics of hatred in a detailed lexicographical and linguistic analysis. The addressed research problem strives to ascertain whether deities and humans, either living or dead, manifest the same feelings, purposes, incitements, and justifications of hatred or not. Thus, both the negative and positive connotations of hatred are examined. The methodology followed is to examine and analyse attestations in which hate feelings are demonstrated for a better understanding of the phenomenon. The study comes to the conclusion that hatred in ancient Egypt had positive connotations, in contrast to its present-day negative emotional valence as suggested.","PeriodicalId":42129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflections on the Qaṭna Letters TT1–5 (II): Hittite God-Napping in Syria 对 Qaṭna 书信 TT1-5 的思考（二）：叙利亚的赫梯神盹
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1163/15692124-12341341
Eduardo Torrecilla
{"title":"Reflections on the Qaṭna Letters TT1–5 (II): Hittite God-Napping in Syria","authors":"Eduardo Torrecilla","doi":"10.1163/15692124-12341341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341341","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses and attempts to contextualize a few references to the practice of god-napping in the Qaṭna letters <jats:sc>TT</jats:sc>2–5 and in the Amarna letter <jats:sc>EA</jats:sc> 55. The references to god-napping in said letters enrich the debate on why the New Hittite Kingdom historiography, as opposed to the Old Hittite one, does not mention this practice, since the texts were probably written during or in the wake of Šuppiluliuma’s First Syrian War (ca. 1340). It is posited that the god-napping actions reflected in the texts concerning the fall of Qaṭna obeyed not only religious but also political and strategic motivations. God-napping was used whenever the New Hittite empire considered that it benefitted its strategic and cultic interests, even though it was no longer recorded by the Hittite historiography.","PeriodicalId":42129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Transgression List in Šurpu Tablet IV and Its Sordid Moral Implications 第 IV 号urpu 碑中的僭越清单及其肮脏的道德含义
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1163/15692124-12341338
Yitzhaq Feder
{"title":"The Transgression List in Šurpu Tablet IV and Its Sordid Moral Implications","authors":"Yitzhaq Feder","doi":"10.1163/15692124-12341338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341338","url":null,"abstract":"Modern scholarship has become more attentive to the interrelation between performative and scholastic factors in the production of ancient Near Eastern ritual texts. This article aims to shed light on the compositional processes responsible for the integration of a list of transgressions into <jats:italic>Šurpu</jats:italic> Tablet 4. This analysis is facilitated by the identification of a close parallel from the <jats:italic>Namerimburruda</jats:italic> tradition. The comparison of these texts illuminates the subtle manner by which scribe responsible for <jats:italic>Šurpu</jats:italic> <jats:sc>IV</jats:sc> appropriated earlier materials to fit the theological and rhetorical aims of the new composition. This focused case study can serve as a point of departure for further research on the flexible roles of interpolated sin lists in ancient Near Eastern literature.","PeriodicalId":42129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Angefleht und dann beopfert: Zur Beziehung von Mythos und Festritual in hethitischen Texten 神话与节日的关系
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1163/15692124-12341334
S. Görke
{"title":"Angefleht und dann beopfert: Zur Beziehung von Mythos und Festritual in hethitischen Texten","authors":"S. Görke","doi":"10.1163/15692124-12341334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341334","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article considers the relationship of Hittite festival rituals and mythical accounts, based on the mythical narrative of the feast of the sun god, in which the invited deities are not satiated despite sufficient food and drink. It is shown that the myths of the disappearing and returning deities were originally invocations or supplications (mugawar) incorporated into ritual acts that were intended to summon a deity. From the Middle Hittite period onward, rituals for invoking deities (mukeššar) seem to have been distinguished from ritual offerings to deities, which could then be called festival rituals (EZEN₄). In the process, an occasion-bound invocation of a deity due owing to some emergency situation may have been reinterpreted as an invocation to guarantee the deity’s presence, which in the further course lost its significance for being written down while the ritual descriptions gained in importance. At the same time, the invocations may have been literarily processed and expanded, e.g., by southeast Anatolian descriptions of rites of evocation.","PeriodicalId":42129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65154052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bethel and Yahō: A Tale of Two Gods in Egypt 伯特利和亚希:埃及的两个神的故事
IF 0.1 3区 哲学
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1163/15692124-12341335
Tawny L. Holm
{"title":"Bethel and Yahō: A Tale of Two Gods in Egypt","authors":"Tawny L. Holm","doi":"10.1163/15692124-12341335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341335","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Aramaic documents from Egypt suggest that Yahwists there may have identified Yahweh/Yahō with the Syrian-Aramean deity Bethel (Bayt-ʔēl). Portions of Papyrus Amherst 63, the long and complex multi-composition Aramaic text written using Demotic script, also support this view. For instance, Bethel and Yahō seem to be paralleled with each other in two poems on the papyrus; both deities share some attributes otherwise ascribed to Baʕal-Shamayn (i.e., Hadad), yet are superior to that deity; and a priestess of Bethel is termed a khnh, the feminine form of khn, the noun used solely for a priest of Yahō and no other deity in Egypt. Other subtle connections between Bethel and Yahō can also be found.","PeriodicalId":42129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65154134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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