{"title":"Partial Observed Fluid Queue Model for Rechargeable Batteries","authors":"S. Dharmaraja, P. Tardelli","doi":"10.1145/3388831.3388856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3388831.3388856","url":null,"abstract":"A stochastic fluid model is presented to study the charge level of a rechargeable battery of finite capacity. The net inflow rate is not always fully observed, since it depends on environmental factors and on the use, users have made of their devices. To describe this situation, the parameters determining the rate of the charging and discharging processes are assumed to be random variables with only partially observed laws. Thus, the transient analysis of the charge level of a battery is obtained and discussed using stochastic filtering techniques on a stochastic fluid model.","PeriodicalId":419829,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113949695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulating Workers in Federated Learning by Yardstick Competition","authors":"Y. Sarikaya, Özgür Erçetin","doi":"10.1145/3388831.3388843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3388831.3388843","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the large size of the training data, distributed learning approaches such as federated learning have gained attention recently. However, the convergence rate of distributed learning suffers from heterogeneous worker performance. In this paper, we consider an incentive mechanism for workers to mitigate the delays in completion of each batch. To motivate the workers to perform at their best by assigning higher computational resources to the learning task, we use a yardstick of average desired delay to complete each mini-batch calculation. The rewards are determined by how much each worker deviates from this yardstick. We analytically obtain the optimum equilibrium strategy of the workers as well as the optimal reward function of the model owner that achieves the average desired delay while minimizing the cost of operation. Our numerical results indicate that by adjusting budget parameters, the model owner should judiciously decide on the number of workers due to trade off between the diversity provided by the number of workers and the latency of completing the training.","PeriodicalId":419829,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131186560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Salem, T. Chahed, E. Altman, A. Gati, Z. Altman
{"title":"Scalable Markov Decision Process Model for Advanced Sleep Modes Management in 5G Networks","authors":"F. Salem, T. Chahed, E. Altman, A. Gati, Z. Altman","doi":"10.1145/3388831.3388852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3388831.3388852","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced Sleep Modes (ASM) correspond to a gradual deactivation of the base station's components according to the time needed by each of them to shut down then reactivate again. Each level of sleep has a different power consumption and imposes an extra delay on arriving traffic as it has to wait for the components to wake up and serve it. We present in this work a scalable management strategy of this feature based on Markov Decision Processes (MDP) in order to derive the optimal policy allowing to choose the best sleep level according to the traffic load and to the tradeoff between delay and energy consumption while ensuring a low complexity. Our results show that this solution is very promising and allows to achieve high energy saving (up to 91%) if there is no constraint on the delay, but even with a high constraint, the energy reduction can reach up to 52% while the impact on the delay is negligible.","PeriodicalId":419829,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123963694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deriving Explicit Control Policies for Markov Decision Processes Using Symbolic Regression","authors":"A. Hristov, J. Bosman, S. Bhulai, R. Mei","doi":"10.1145/3388831.3388840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3388831.3388840","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to optimizing the control of systems that can be modeled as Markov decision processes (MDPs) with a threshold-based optimal policy. Our method is based on a specific type of genetic program known as symbolic regression (SR). We present how the performance of this program can be greatly improved by taking into account the corresponding MDP framework in which we apply it. The proposed method has two main advantages: (1) it results in near-optimal decision policies, and (2) in contrast to other algorithms, it generates closed-form approximations. Obtaining an explicit expression for the decision policy gives the opportunity to conduct sensitivity analysis, and allows instant calculation of a new threshold function for any change in the parameters. We emphasize that the introduced technique is highly general and applicable to MDPs that have a threshold-based policy. Extensive experimentation demonstrates the usefulness of the method.","PeriodicalId":419829,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124422801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quality-Dependent Stochastic Networks: Is FIFO Always Better Than LIFO?","authors":"Y. Liberman, U. Yechiali","doi":"10.1145/3388831.3388838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3388831.3388838","url":null,"abstract":"In various service and production systems, such as metal processing, fresh food industry, polymer forming, etc., the quality of the final product is a function of its total sojourn time in the system. We consider (i) an M/G/1-type single-server queue, as well as (ii) open tandem Jackson networks, and analyze the quality of products traversing through each system under two service disciplines -- FIFO and LIFO. Although the mean sojourn times in an M/G/1 queue are equal under both service disciplines (that is, E [WLIFO] = E [WFIFO]), the variance of WLIFO is larger than the variance of WFIFO. We show that, when quality is the measure of performance, FIFO is not necessarily better than LIFO. We consider several service-time distributions and show under what values of the parameters one discipline is better (or worse) than the other. In particular, the mean quality under LIFO is better than the mean quality under FIFO for all values of the traffic intensity. Moreover, the mean quality under the FIFO service regime drops sharply to 0 when the traffic intensity approaches 1, while the mean quality under LIFO is bounded below. Numerical results as functions of the system parameters are presented and discussed for both the M/G/1 queue and the tandem Jackson network.","PeriodicalId":419829,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124526080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Change Rate Estimation and Optimal Freshness in Web Page Crawling","authors":"Konstantin Avrachenkov, K. Patil, Gugan Thoppe","doi":"10.1145/3388831.3388846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3388831.3388846","url":null,"abstract":"For providing quick and accurate results, a search engine maintains a local snapshot of the entire web. And, to keep this local cache fresh, it employs a crawler for tracking changes across various web pages. However, finite bandwidth availability and server restrictions impose some constraints on the crawling frequency. Consequently, the ideal crawling rates are the ones that maximise the freshness of the local cache and also respect the above constraints. Azar et al. [2] recently proposed a tractable algorithm to solve this optimisation problem. However, they assume the knowledge of the exact page change rates, which is unrealistic in practice. We address this issue here. Specifically, we provide two novel schemes for online estimation of page change rates. Both schemes only need partial information about the page change process, i.e., they only need to know if the page has changed or not since the last crawled instance. For both these schemes, we prove convergence and, also, derive their convergence rates. Finally, we provide some numerical experiments to compare the performance of our proposed estimators with the existing ones (e.g., MLE).","PeriodicalId":419829,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134338457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hypothesis Testing Approach to Detecting Collusion in Competitive Environments","authors":"P. Hespanhol, A. Aswani","doi":"10.1145/3388831.3388847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3388831.3388847","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing concern about tacit collusion using algorithmic pricing, and regulators need tools to help detect the possibility of such collusion. This paper studies how to design a hypothesis testing framework in order to decide whether agents are behaving competitively or not. In our setting, agents are utility-maximizing and compete over prices of items. A regulator, with no knowledge of the agent's utility function, has access only to the agents' strategies (i.e., pricing decisions) and external shock values in order to decide if agents are behaving in competition according to some equilibrium problem. We leverage the formulation of such a problem as an inverse variational inequality and design a hypothesis test under a minimal set of assumptions. We demonstrate our method with computational experiments of the Bertrand competition game (with and without collusion) and show how our method performs.","PeriodicalId":419829,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125905269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Load Balancing Policies with Memory","authors":"T. Hellemans, B. V. Houdt","doi":"10.1145/3388831.3388839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3388831.3388839","url":null,"abstract":"Joining the shortest or least loaded queue among d randomly selected queues are two fundamental load balancing policies. Under both policies the dispatcher does not maintain any information on the queue length or load of the servers. In this paper we analyze the performance of these policies when the dispatcher has some memory available to store the ids of some of the idle servers. We consider methods where the dispatcher discovers idle servers as well as methods where idle servers inform the dispatcher about their state. We focus on large-scale systems and our analysis uses the cavity method. The main insight provided is that the performance measures obtained via the cavity method for a load balancing policy with memory reduce to the performance measures for the same policy without memory provided that the arrival rate is properly scaled. Thus, we can study the performance of load balancers with memory in the same manner as load balancers without memory. In particular this entails closed form solutions for joining the shortest or least loaded queue among d randomly selected queues with memory in case of exponential job sizes. We present simulation results that support our belief that the approximation obtained by the cavity method becomes exact as the number of servers tends to infinity.","PeriodicalId":419829,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122646751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability of Redundancy Systems with Processor Sharing","authors":"Y. Raaijmakers, S. Borst, O. Boxma","doi":"10.1145/3388831.3388837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3388831.3388837","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the stability condition for redundancy-d systems where each of the servers follows a processor-sharing (PS) discipline. We allow for generally distributed job sizes, with possible dependence among the d replica sizes being governed by an arbitrary joint distribution. We establish that the stability condition for the associated fluid-limit model is characterized by the expectation of the minimum of d replica sizes being less than the mean interarrival time per server. In the special case of identical replicas, the stability condition is insensitive to the job size distribution given its mean, and the stability condition is inversely proportional to the number of replicas. In the special case of i.i.d. replicas, the stability threshold decreases (increases) in the number of replicas for job size distributions that are NBU (NWU). We also discuss extensions to scenarios with heterogeneous servers.","PeriodicalId":419829,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123773225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}