Africa Review最新文献_第9页

Developmental inequality and living on the margins in post-colonial Zimbabwe: the case of Musana District 后殖民时代津巴布韦的发展不平等和边缘生活:Musana区的案例

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Africa Review Pub Date : 2020-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2020.1815505

Peter Uledi, Godfrey Hove

{"title":"Developmental inequality and living on the margins in post-colonial Zimbabwe: the case of Musana District","authors":"Peter Uledi, Godfrey Hove","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2020.1815505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2020.1815505","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the roots of rural poverty in Zimbabwe within the context of the role of the state and its economic and political interests over time and specific space. It traces the socio-economic and political factors that led to the impoverishment of rural areas in Zimbabwe, demonstrating that rural poverty is a colonial legacy whose roots lie in the racial ideology of the state. African Reserves were basically created as reservoirs of cheap labour for white-owned mines and farms and emerging urban areas. They were also created to separate Africans from whites in terms of service provision at every level. However, the article further examines the role of the post-colonial government in addressing these colonial imbalances that left urban centres as islands of developments in a sea of rural underdevelopment. Using Musana District as a case study, it interrogates post-colonial state policy towards rural development and its impact in addressing the vestigial inequalities that existed between rural and urban areas. The study makes the point that despite the consistent political support it receives from rural dwellers rural development and the government's claims that have been the cornerstone of its policies since independence, the Zimbabwean government has done little to sustainably and effectively provide basic amenities to rural areas since independence. Moreover, the paper argues that the ruling party has not only failed to contribute towards rural development but has been a direct beneficiary of the status quo as it has enabled it to maintain political stranglehold in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79098467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identity and heritage: changing politics and appropriation of heritage in Zimbabwe 身份与遗产:津巴布韦不断变化的政治和遗产的挪用

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Africa Review Pub Date : 2020-09-17 DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2020.1815506

Henry Chiwaura, S. Naidoo

引用次数: 1

People with disabilities in the margins in Nigeria 尼日利亚边缘的残疾人

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Africa Review Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2020.1812040

Edwin Etieyibo, O. Omiegbe

引用次数: 2

Open grazing prohibitions and the politics of exclusivist identity in Nigeria 尼日利亚的露天放牧禁令和排外主义政治

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Africa Review Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2020.1812041

P. Sule

{"title":"Open grazing prohibitions and the politics of exclusivist identity in Nigeria","authors":"P. Sule","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2020.1812041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2020.1812041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article critically examines the politics of socio-political exclusions, with particular reference to the recurrent surges of herdsmen/farmers’ skirmishes that are currently ravaging many states in Nigeria. Owing to their occupation and prejudiced history, the Fulani herdsmen have not enjoyed full assimilation into mainstream cohesion, and the enactment of laws proscribing ‘open grazing’ by some states, in a bid to protect farmers and farmlands, appears to have further entrenched this supposed exclusion. Consequently, the group, through its Miyetti Allah Cattle Associations, has urged state governments to refrain from enforcing these laws. The implementation of the laws by Benue and Taraba States has caused herdsmen to react angrily by killing hundreds of people in the states. To what extent are these states justified in prohibiting open grazing? Can a group justifiably warn a sovereign, federating, state against implementing a law duly passed by its State Assembly? Using critical analysis, the paper proffers answers to these questions by drawing insights from philosophical arguments of social justice, particularly Nozickian justice as entitlement. Given that what is at stake is the economic livelihoods of both farmers and cattle herders, the paper also provides an objective analysis of the conflict by pointing out the central claims of both parties in the dispute. It concludes that solution to these skirmishes inheres in an approach that emphasizes social justice and inclusion.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84328793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

LGBT individuals and the struggle against Robert Mugabe's extirpation in Zimbabwe 在津巴布韦，同性恋者和反对罗伯特·穆加贝下台的斗争

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Africa Review Pub Date : 2020-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2020.1812042

Nelson Muparamoto

{"title":"LGBT individuals and the struggle against Robert Mugabe's extirpation in Zimbabwe","authors":"Nelson Muparamoto","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2020.1812042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2020.1812042","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Queer identities and non-heteronormative sexualities are increasingly becoming visible globally and Zimbabwe has witnessed an emergent queer mobilization and sexual identities politics. There have been significant attempts to expunge non-heterosexuals from Zimbabwean citizenry by drawing borders on the basis of sexual orientation. Over the years, western and local media have mediated a narrative of a thoroughly homophobic Zimbabwe, not the least emanating from the former president, Robert Mugabe's homophobic utterances which recurrently generated global news stories. A dominant discourse framed homosexual identities as on or beyond the border of what is socially acceptable, whilst the individuals with queer identities have been denied legal protection and status. Predominantly, homophobic sentiments are expressed, often reflecting the view that homosexual identities should not be given space in Zimbabwe, nor should anything associated with it be tolerated. The populist arguments are based on among other things, depicting heterosexuality as ‘natural’, homosexuality as ‘uncultural’ and ‘unChristian’, and stereotyping gay people as licentious. Drawing on ethnographic research, this paper explores how LGBT people in Harare perceive, make sense of and cope with the infamous hate speech, ‘worse than dogs and pigs’, by the former president and the implications of this on their self-perception as they defiantly express a narrative of self-affirmation challenging the marginal status in popularized discourse.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80128973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Are Chinese immigrants in Cameroon perceived as a threat? 喀麦隆的中国移民是否被视为威胁?

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Africa Review Pub Date : 2020-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2020.1787076

Elvis Nshom, Elizaveta A. Arzamastseva

引用次数: 3

Security-development nexus and the securitization of university spaces in the #FeesMustFall protests in South Africa 2016–2018 2016-2018年南非#学费必须下降#抗议活动中安全与发展的关系与大学空间的证券化

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Africa Review Pub Date : 2020-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2020.1787075

Norman Sempijja, Resego Reamogetse Letlhogile

{"title":"Security-development nexus and the securitization of university spaces in the #FeesMustFall protests in South Africa 2016–2018","authors":"Norman Sempijja, Resego Reamogetse Letlhogile","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2020.1787075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2020.1787075","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The rhetoric espoused by the opponents of the #FeesMustFall protests and universities’ management in South Africa framed the discourse around the need to securitize campuses against the protestors who were a danger to students and the wider university community. The protestors framed their arguments within the security-development context, arguing that without free education they were bound to be excluded from education and later from jobs and a good livelihood, hence endangering their security. The stalemate quickly resulted in the securitization of university spaces a development that was backed up with the brutal force of police and private security companies pushing the students to engage in extreme measures like burning buildings to be heard. Through the use of securitization theory, this paper explores the rationale for the securitization of university spaces. The Security-Development nexus perspective sheds more light on the motives behind the #Feesmustfall movement. The paper further explores whether the combination of the securitization of university spaces and the funding offered by President Zuma were enough to quell the protest. The paper further delves into the new reality of private security companies expanding their role in the securitization of South Africa and the waning role of the police in the protection of public spaces. Key findings of the study are that both the students and universities had different interests during the fees must fall and without a mediator, the use of force ensued. Although the South African government has invested more money into universities, the relationship between the university management and the students remains fractured. Plus the lack of trained police unit to deal with student protests leaves the police unable to maintain law and order without resorting to extreme violence.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09744053.2020.1787075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72501545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Assessing economic policies impact on human rights in Tunisia – lessons from a United Nations mission 评估经济政策对突尼斯人权的影响-联合国特派团的经验教训

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Africa Review Pub Date : 2020-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2020.1787077

J. P. Bohoslavsky

{"title":"Assessing economic policies impact on human rights in Tunisia – lessons from a United Nations mission","authors":"J. P. Bohoslavsky","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2020.1787077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2020.1787077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on a United Nations mission the author conducted to Tunisia in 2017, this article studies the links between economy and human – in particular economic and social- rights in this country. It addresses the following two questions: how do the economic and financial difficulties and related policies implemented affect human rights in Tunisia? To what extent are corruption, illicit financial flows and human rights interlinked in the country? The text presents the most relevant international human rights standards and commitments of Tunisia as well as its national human rights framework concerning human rights and economic policies. It also presents the financial, economic and political challenges that the country faces and the government responses through economic reform programme. It also discusses the efforts made to address corruption and illicit financial flows, including asset recovery at home and abroad, the institutional capacity to fight illicit financial flows and corruption, establishing accountability and curbing impunity, the Truth and Dignity Commission, the organic law on reconciliation in the administrative field and accountability in the banking sector. The article concludes that, while acknowledging that the democratic government is still making efforts to cope with the economic legacy left by the Ben Ali’s regime, the economic reforms (such as austerity and adjustment) being implemented need to adopt a holistic human rights approach in order to ensure those reforms promote these rights more effectively. It also concludes that corruption continues to be a destabilizing force in Tunisia, infecting its economy and undermining the enjoyment of human rights in the country. Towards the end policy recommendations for discussion are presented.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85361773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The post-colonial is neocolonial in the Indian Ocean region: the case of Chagos seen through the African-centred decolonial theoretical lens 印度洋地区的后殖民主义是新殖民主义:查戈斯群岛的案例是通过以非洲为中心的非殖民主义理论视角来看的

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Africa Review Pub Date : 2020-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2020.1754677

Siphamandla Zondi

{"title":"The post-colonial is neocolonial in the Indian Ocean region: the case of Chagos seen through the African-centred decolonial theoretical lens","authors":"Siphamandla Zondi","doi":"10.1080/09744053.2020.1754677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2020.1754677","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The status of the Chagos Island remains a subject of struggle in international relations pitting the United Kingdom and, by extension, the U.S. against the indigenous people of the Chagos who were forcibly displaced and exiled in order to accommodate a U.S. military base involved in evil conflicts in the lands of the Orient. Mauritius joined this struggle on the basis that the islands were separated from Mauritius by the British on the eve of independence in 1968. The Chagosians have for decades insisted on their right to self-determination and their right to return to the land of their ancestors, taking their battles to the streets of London and international courts. In spite of the growing support for their cause around the world and although they have scored some victories in courts and at the United Nations, their dreams remain deferred as the U.K. and the U.S. refuse to act justly and fairly. This is a classic case of neocolonial continuities that haunt post-colonial Africa, rendering independence meaningless for injustice anywhere in Africa is injustice against the whole of Africa. This paper suggests that the use of a decolonial lens of analysis infused with African anti-colonial perspectives enables us to understand the fundamental problems facing the Chagosians and to think of more permanent solutions to this quagmire.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80072664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Africa and the Indian Ocean Region 非洲和印度洋地区

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Africa Review Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.1080/09744053.2020.1757939

P. Haokip

引用次数: 0