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Ensuring Lawful Use of Autonomous Weapons: An Operational Perspective 确保合法使用自主武器：行动视角
IF 0.9
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1163/18781527-bja10091
Camilla G. Cooper
{"title":"Ensuring Lawful Use of Autonomous Weapons: An Operational Perspective","authors":"Camilla G. Cooper","doi":"10.1163/18781527-bja10091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of autonomous weapons systems (‘<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">aws</span>’) is the source of extensive discussions within the international legal community and beyond. After years of discussing definitions, the discourse is slowly moving on to discuss <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">aws</span> in light of existing law of armed conflict (‘<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">loac</span>’) rules. This article aims to support these discussions by providing a military legal perspective. <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">aws</span> offers great potential benefits to both soldiers and civilians, and control mechanisms already in place for military operations may be employed to define when and how <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">aws</span> can lawfully be used. <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">aws</span> can reduce the exposure of soldiers to dull, dirty and dangerous environments and the risk of incidental civilian harm. To exploit these potentials and ensure legality, regulators need to understand how military forces employ and control the use of force to support their operations, and military planners and decision-makers need to understand the limits of and possibilities within <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">loac</span>.</p>","PeriodicalId":41905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Finding Fairness: Two Perspectives in International Criminal Law 寻找公平：国际刑法的两个视角
IF 0.9
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1163/18781527-bja10089
Michelle Coleman
{"title":"Finding Fairness: Two Perspectives in International Criminal Law","authors":"Michelle Coleman","doi":"10.1163/18781527-bja10089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review essay discusses two books: Fairness and Rights in International Criminal Procedure by Sophie Rigney and Punishing Atrocities through a Fair Trial by Jonathan Hafetz. It discusses the methods used in each book, their conceptions of fairness, and what they see as the future of fairness in international criminal law. The review argues that when the two books are read together they show how far fairness has come, where it is now, and where fairness is headed in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":41905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulatory Choices at the Advent of Gig Warfare 数字化战争来临之际的监管选择
IF 0.9
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1163/18781527-bja10088
Mark Klamberg
{"title":"Regulatory Choices at the Advent of Gig Warfare","authors":"Mark Klamberg","doi":"10.1163/18781527-bja10088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10088","url":null,"abstract":"Regulation of military <jats:sc>ai</jats:sc> may take place in three ways. First, existing rules and principles in <jats:sc>ihl</jats:sc> is already or could be extended via reinterpretation to apply to military <jats:sc>ai</jats:sc>; second, new <jats:sc>ai</jats:sc> regulation may appear via “add-ons” to existing rules, finally, regulation of military <jats:sc>ai</jats:sc> may appear as a completely new framework, either through new state behavior that results in customary international law or through a new legal act or treaty. By introducing this typology, one may identify possible manners of regulation that are presently under-researched and/or ignored, for example how Rules of Engagement (<jats:sc>roe</jats:sc>) may be a way to control the use of military <jats:sc>ai</jats:sc>. Expanding on existing scholarship, the articles discusses how military <jats:sc>ai</jats:sc> may operate under different forms of military command and control systems, how regulation of military <jats:sc>ai</jats:sc> is not only a question of “means” but also “methods” of warfare and how the doctrine of supervisory responsibility may go beyond the doctrine of command responsibility. In the case that fully-automated Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (<jats:sc>laws</jats:sc>) are available and considered for use, it is suggested that their use should be prohibited in densely populated areas following the same logic as incendiary weapons. Further, one could introduce certain export restrictions on fully-automated <jats:sc>laws</jats:sc> to prevent proliferation to non-state actors and rogue states.","PeriodicalId":41905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138690557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A New Graphic Novel on the History of International Law as a Powerful Tool to Disseminate Widely the Topic 新出版的国际法历史图解小说是广泛传播这一主题的有力工具
IF 0.9
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1163/18781527-bja10090
Maria Chiara Vitucci
{"title":"A New Graphic Novel on the History of International Law as a Powerful Tool to Disseminate Widely the Topic","authors":"Maria Chiara Vitucci","doi":"10.1163/18781527-bja10090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the graphic novel <jats:italic>Une histoire du droit international. De Salamanque à Guantanamo</jats:italic>, the storyboard of which was created by two professors of international law. The review essay focuses on the content of the graphic novel and its peculiarities in narrating the history of international law, comparing the volume with other monographs and scientific articles on the same topic. The intended wide audience of the book may help in understanding the chronological approach taken by the authors among other possible approaches to the history of international law, such as a thematic or a postcolonial approach.","PeriodicalId":41905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138562715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Symposium on Law, Language and War 法律、语言和战争专题讨论会导言
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1163/18781527-bja10087
Emily Crawford
{"title":"Introduction to the Symposium on Law, Language and War","authors":"Emily Crawford","doi":"10.1163/18781527-bja10087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International Crimes of Western Colonialism 西方殖民主义的国际罪行
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1163/18781527-bja10081
Julia Emtseva
{"title":"International Crimes of Western Colonialism","authors":"Julia Emtseva","doi":"10.1163/18781527-bja10081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Does colonialism still exist in the 21st century? Philippe Sands provides a resounding affirmation to this question in his recent book The Last Colony . Sands expounds upon the circumstances surrounding the Chagos archipelago, the most recently colonized territory by the United Kingdom, which triggers further discussions about the ability of international law to address colonial crimes. Sands’ tale proves that it is possible to challenge colonisers by using the existing tools of international law. Yet, the efficacy of justice efforts remains inadequate for the victims of colonial crimes. In addition to evaluating the critical contributions of The Last Colony , this review essay examines the international crime of forced displacement and how it has been tackled by international courts within other contexts. Drawing on the recent Human Rights Watch report documenting the offences committed by the UK and US authorities against the Chagossians, the essay assesses which elements of the colonial crime of forced evictions attain the gravity threshold for crimes against humanity. And finally, the essay argues for the need for greater awareness and accountability for such crimes and their lasting effects on individuals and societies.","PeriodicalId":41905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Blocked the UN’s Response to the Earthquakes in Northwest Syria? Reflections on a Humanitarian System Premised on Government Consent 是什么阻碍了联合国对叙利亚西北部地震的反应?以政府同意为前提的人道主义制度思考
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1163/18781527-bja10082
Rebecca Barber
{"title":"What Blocked the UN’s Response to the Earthquakes in Northwest Syria? Reflections on a Humanitarian System Premised on Government Consent","authors":"Rebecca Barber","doi":"10.1163/18781527-bja10082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10082","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reflects on the UN response to the earthquakes in Türkiye and Syria in February 2023, and specifically the fact that while the UN responded immediately in southern Türkiye, it did not do so in non-government-controlled northwest Syria. The UN explained that its ‘longstanding position’ was that aid could not be delivered across an international border without host government consent or Security Council authorisation. This article seeks to understand this position. It reviews the law applicable to cross-border humanitarian assistance, and the guidelines and tools that shape the UN’s emergency response. It argues that international law allows cross-border humanitarian assistance without host State consent; however, that the UN’s guidelines and tools do not facilitate the provision of assistance in such a scenario. The article concludes by calling for a review of the law, policies and guidelines that shape the way the UN responds to rapid-onset disasters in conflict contexts.","PeriodicalId":41905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Interaction Between the Obligation to Warn and Other Rules of ihl 警告义务与国际法其他规则的互动关系
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1163/18781527-bja10084
Sara (S) Benabbass, Marten (M.C.) Zwanenburg
{"title":"The Interaction Between the Obligation to Warn and Other Rules of ihl","authors":"Sara (S) Benabbass, Marten (M.C.) Zwanenburg","doi":"10.1163/18781527-bja10084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10084","url":null,"abstract":"The obligation to give effective advance warning of an attack which may affect the civilian population is one of the precautions in attack parties to an armed conflict must take under ihl. Recent practice has shown this duty may interact with other rules of ihl. This article discusses this interaction. It focuses on warnings that spread terror, that may be used as a ruse or that lead to displacement of civilians, cases in which warnings arguably breach the principle of distinction, and cases in which warnings lead to human shields. The article concludes that in some cases the object and purpose of ihl may provide guidance in navigating the tension between the obligation to warn and another rule of ihl. It also concludes that the intention with which a warning is given may be decisive for distinguishing between a warning as required under ihl and as a violation of ihl.","PeriodicalId":41905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136038362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conceptualising “Relocation” Across Displacement Contexts 跨迁移语境的“重新安置”概念化
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1163/18781527-bja10083
David James Cantor
{"title":"Conceptualising “Relocation” Across Displacement Contexts","authors":"David James Cantor","doi":"10.1163/18781527-bja10083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Planned relocations often take place in displacement contexts. They ensue not only in settings of disasters and climate change, but also during armed conflicts and in development projects. But what is ‘relocation’? Is its meaning identical across these diverse contexts? And what is its relationship to displacement? Conceptual clarity on these points is needed if humanitarians are to engage with the critical question of how international law regulates such relocation processes. This article reviews scholarly, policy and legal sources on relocations across these varied contexts in order to (i) propose a universal concept of relocation and (ii) reflect on its relationship to concepts of displacement. Then, by considering the issue in relation to internal displacement frameworks, the article explains how international law governs relocations, regardless of the specific setting in which they occur. This has important implications in a world of diverse, and often entwined, displacement contexts.","PeriodicalId":41905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detention by Non-State Armed Groups under International Law, written by Ezequiel Heffes 《国际法下非国家武装团体的拘留》，作者埃兹奎尔·赫夫斯
Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1163/18781527-bja10085
Romina Edith Pezzot
{"title":"Detention by Non-State Armed Groups under International Law, written by Ezequiel Heffes","authors":"Romina Edith Pezzot","doi":"10.1163/18781527-bja10085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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