Temida最新文献

{"title":"The nature of female genital mutilation according to the Istanbul Convention and other international instruments","authors":"Ivana Marković","doi":"10.2298/tem2301075m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem2301075m","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the nature of female genital mutilation (FGM) as a highly gendered, harmful practice, which has in the meantime been formalized as a crime. Especially the Istanbul Convention is regarded as the driving force behind this legal development. But beyond that, this Convention, as well as the Convention of Belem do Para and the Maputo Protocol before that, have defined and located the very nature of FGM within the violence against women. By doing so, prior (false) beliefs and attempts to legitimize them due to cultural, social or religious reasons have become obsolete. The aim of this paper is to show the nature of FGM within the aforementioned instruments.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68854564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combating and preventing domestic violence in Poland: Why do we need the Istanbul Convention?","authors":"Olga Skorulska","doi":"10.2298/tem2301095s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem2301095s","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is to present the regulations of the Polish legal order aimed at combating and preventing domestic violence and juxtapose them with the obligations under the provisions of the Istanbul Convention. The article aims to answer the question of whether the Polish legal system makes it possible to effectively combat and prevent domestic violence in accordance with the announcements coming from the Polish political scene regarding the denunciation of the Istanbul Convention. Although recent amendments to the laws on combating and preventing domestic violence led to more effective combat against it and improve the situation of victims, it is also necessary to point out some deficiencies that have not yet been addressed by the Polish legislator.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68854726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education of experts in centers for social work in the Republic of Serbia in the domain of gender-based violence","authors":"Tamara Milanov, Ljiljana Cumura","doi":"10.2298/tem2301045m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem2301045m","url":null,"abstract":"Professionals (experts) employed in centers for social work have a crucial role in preventing and responding to gender-based violence. The aim of the research was to examine and present the current situation related to the education of experts and opportunities for acquiring specialized knowledge about gender-based violence. Data collection was carried out using a survey technique (online questionnaire) and later processed through a descriptive method, statistical inference and content analysis. Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained from a sample of 74 respondents from 26 districts in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. According to the results, 87.8% of the respondents believe that the knowledge they received during the education process is insufficient for work in gender-based violence. Out of the total number, 67.6% did not have courses/subjects related to gender-based violence during their studies. At the same time, more than half of the respondents did not attend officially accredited training available in Serbia. The results indicate the need for improving educational content in two important areas: 1) individual work with victims and perpetrators of gender-based violence and 2) the structural nature of gender-based violence and the possibilities of prevention.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68854502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in the territory of Kragujevac: A pandemic within pandemic?","authors":"Visnja Randjelovic, V. Sebek, Snežana Soković, V. Janjić","doi":"10.2298/tem2301025r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem2301025r","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the paper is domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper presents the results of research on the state of reported domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in the territory of the Kragujevac Police Department, aiming to gain a deeper insight into the mechanisms of victimization by domestic violence during the pandemic. The results of the research indicate new patterns of victimization, new violence and new categories of perpetrators, as well as an increase in the volume of recurring violence in the family, which is why the question can be raised whether the downward trend of reported violence in the critical period reflects the real state of this type of violence during the pandemic. It can be reasonably assumed that during the pandemic, due to social isolation and the constant presence of abusers, as well as due to the domestic underdevelopment of special mechanisms for reporting violence by calling for help, violence in the family in domestic conditions at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent remained ?locked? within families.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68854441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenomenology of abuse and neglect of children with developmental disabilities","authors":"Nataša Buha, Biljana Milanović-Dobrota, Ksenija Stanimirov, L. Mijatović","doi":"10.2298/tem2301117b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem2301117b","url":null,"abstract":"Violence against children includes various forms of physical, emotional and sexual abuse. There are numerous factors that can increase the risk of abuse and neglect, and the presence of developmental disabilities is one of them. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the phenomenology of neglect and abuse in children with developmental disabilities. The results of most studies on child abuse and neglect indicate that children with developmental disabilities are at greater risk for victimization than typically developing children. Risk estimates vary, which is a consequence of methodological differences and shortcomings in research designs. According to some findings, the risk of victimization is as much as four times higher compared to children with typical development, and it largely depends on the disability type. Among different types of disabilities, difficulties in emotional, behavioural and intellectual functioning and the presence of multiple disabilities bear the greatest risk for abuse and neglect. The nature of the relationship between disability and violence against children may also depend on the child?s functional level. Research findings indicate that the risk of maltreatment increases with the severity of behavioural problems, deficits in social skills and the presence of pronounced communication difficulties. For some types of disability, the risk for maltreatment is inversely proportional to the level of disability, e.g. children with mild intellectual disability are more often victimized than children with more pronounced difficulties in intellectual development. Indicators of abuse and neglect can be physical or behavioural and are essentially the same for children with developmental disabilities and typically developing children. However, in children with intellectual disabilities and autism, some maltreatment forms are more difficult to identify, and the possibilities of obtaining a verbal statement are limited. Due to problems with abstract thinking, language comprehension and limited vocabulary, these children cannot report adverse experiences or adequately answer the questions being asked. In addition, certain behavioural manifestations of maltreatment can be interpreted as part of the clinical features of these two neurodevelopmental disorders or, on the contrary, certain phenotypic characteristics can be mistakenly attributed to a traumatic experience. The complexity of the victimization phenomenon of children with disabilities implies the need for an interdisciplinary approach and comprehensive systemic solutions in dealing with this problem. From the moment of developmental problems detection, there is a noticeable lack of systemic family support, which should include clear guidelines for exercising the right to health care and social protection, as well as counselling on a child?s developmental possibilities, and application of principles and strategies of behaviorally oriented i","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68854316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ukrainian war victims: Mothers and minors’ perspective","authors":"Vasiliki Artinopoulou, Lamprini Ntountoumi","doi":"10.2298/tem2301003a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem2301003a","url":null,"abstract":"The current study explored the war experience from the victims? narrative by interviewing 15 displaced Ukrainians hosted in Greece. Concretely, it examined their experiences and emotions from the beginning of the war, the conditions under which they lived until they fled Ukraine, and their reception in Greece. To better analyse the data, the researchers followed a thematic analysis and divided the participants into three groups based on similar characteristics: mothers, teenagers, and children. Major psychological trauma and financial and integration difficulties were evident in all participants. Moreover, several challenges were reported regarding the policies and practices of reception, especially in the educational field. Last, despite the limitation of the small sample and no male participants, this study opens the way for further investigation of the long-lasting effects of war traumatisation and the challenges host countries face in supporting refugees.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68854428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justice for crime victims: has the time finally come for a radical paradigm shift?","authors":"E. Fattah","doi":"10.2298/tem2201007f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem2201007f","url":null,"abstract":"How is it that punishment has become synonymous with justice and that justice has become a euphemism for punishment? How is it that justice and punishment have become almost interchangeable terms? How is it that slogans such as ?justice for victims? are invariably interpreted as demands for more and harsher punishments. Is punishment truly synonymous with justice? Are crime victims really bloodthirsty and totally obsessed with a quest for punishment? A troubling question that has haunted me throughout my professional life, a question that I spent many sleepless nights trying to find the answer to, is: How could it be that punishment, the deliberate infliction of pain and suffering, the deprivation of liberty, or deliberately putting a human being full of life to death be called or perceived as justice and be seen as the most appropriate response to victims? sufferings? How is it that victims who, as Nils Christie said, are the primary owners of the conflict (Christie, 1977) whose property rights were usurped, and whose rightful dues paid to them in the form of ?Wergeld? or the composition was expropriated by the state, were led to believe that justice is vengeance and retaliation and that the harsher the punishment, the more just is the judgment? How is it that the theological and abstract notions of retribution, expiation, atonement and penitence became so entrenched in people?s minds that no rational thinking, no scientific evidence, no economic crisis, no humanitarian endeavour seems to be capable of shaking such religious beliefs or lessening the incessant demands for punishment? How is it that punishment has become so universally accepted, extremely popular and so widely practised that people and governments, even in the harshest economic times, are more than willing to waste billions and billions of dollars for no other reason but to inflict pain and suffering on those fellow citizens who have violated man-made laws? The time has come to ask whether 21st century society has undergone a social, cultural and moral evolution that makes the retributive ?justice for victims? paradigm ripe for a radical shift? These are just some of the complex and difficult questions that are begging for answers and that will be examined in this paper.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68853797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of women’s movement in India: A historical perspective","authors":"R. Bhat, M. Wani","doi":"10.2298/tem2201093b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem2201093b","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to look at the antecedents of the Indian women?s movement and the achievements before and after independence. The status of women has been a central concern of many reform movements in India. Prior to India?s independence, the organizations and groups that addressed social issues and sought change for women were closely associated with the independence movement. The women?s movement during the 19th century in India emanated from the broader social reforms movement. Consequently, the 20th century freedom movement and women?s rights movement in the post-1970s has brought to the fore a wide range of women?s concerns. The subsequent events like the constitutional promise of gender equality, Towards Equality Report prepared by the Committee on the Status of Women in 1974 have surely promoted women?s concern to some extent. All these achievements were the result of women?s movement groups that worked for the promotion of women?s rights and equality. In the above-stated context, this paper also analysis the issues of women?s justice and equality taken up by women?s groups in pre and post-independent India.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68853980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Going against the flow: Motivations of professionals with critical views on vaccination","authors":"Ety Elisha, Joshua Guetzkow, Yaffa Shir-Raz, Natti Ronel","doi":"10.2298/tem2202155e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem2202155e","url":null,"abstract":"T he controversy over vaccines has persisted since their introduction in the eighteenth century. While many studies have addressed the concerns and motivations of the general population regarding hesitation and resistance to vaccination (especially parents, concerning routine childhood immunization), the present study was designed to examine this issue among professionals from a victimological perspective, thus its uniqueness. Study participants were researchers and practitioners involved with vaccines who hold a critical position on vaccines and their ways of dealing with what they perceived as suppression of dissent in the field of vaccination. The motivations identified among the researchers and practitioners in our study referred to ethical aspects of professional obligation to patients, patient rights, freedom of choice, and lack of trust in the medical establishment. The participants also perceived themselves as victims of suppressive tactics due to their critical position, to which they responded in two contrasting ways: continuing to dissent while insisting on their right to have their voices heard or abandoning their public dissent due to the reactions and repercussions they faced. The article discusses the implications of these findings in the context of scientific integrity, violation of democratic and ethical values, freedom of speech, and its impact on the public?s trust in science and medicine.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68854047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and violence against women in the intimate partner context","authors":"Vera Despotović","doi":"10.2298/tem2203331d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem2203331d","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the increase in the rate of intimate partner violence identified during the pandemic. Partner violence can be explained as one way of establishing and securing control and power by men over women. To explain this phenomenon, the paper uses a feminist approach that is gender sensitive and focuses on the analysis of gender inequality in a society based on a male dominance of power over women. During the pandemic, countries introduced many measures against the spread of the infection, such as states of emergency and various forms of the lockdown. To shed light on this topic, data and experiences from different regions of the world were used and compared to indicate an increase in the rate of violence against women during the pandemic. Risk factors that led to the increase in violence are pointed out as well. It is concluded that an increase in violence against women has been evident in all countries, even in those countries that did not have strict measures such as the lockdown. Additionally, an increase in intimate partner violence in families where it was not present prior to the pandemic was noted.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68854378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}