City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis最新文献

Directory of urban preparedness 城市备灾指南

City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781800883666.00017

T. Schreiner

引用次数: 0

The sharing cosmopolis: prosperity without growth 共享的国际大都市:没有增长的繁荣

City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781800883666.00029

D. Kelbaugh

引用次数: 0

Introduction: farewell to the Holocene city 导言:告别全新世城市

City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781800883666.00010

Francisco Javier Carrillo

{"title":"Introduction: farewell to the Holocene city","authors":"Francisco Javier Carrillo","doi":"10.4337/9781800883666.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800883666.00010","url":null,"abstract":"By far, the largest span of human history was lived by our ancestors as nomadic hunter-gatherers (Bettinger et al., 2015; Barnard, 2020), involving quite distinctive terms of relationship with Earth (Ingold, 1996). While Homo Sapiens appeared around 300,000 years ago, two major precursors to urban human civilization – sedentary agriculture and permanent human settlements – consolidated only 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. This corresponds with the emergence of the Holocene approximately 11,650 calendar years before the present (Walker et al., 2009), the geological epoch that is arguably now ending to give way to the Anthropocene (Zalasiewicz et al., 2019). Marking the end of the last glacial period, the Holocene was characterized by fairly stable and particularly benign conditions for human life. It corresponds with the fast growth of our species worldwide and it witnessed most of written history, the rise and fall of civilizations and the transition to modern urban living. The city, in all its diverse shapes and cultures, is the epitome of modern human presence on Earth. Urban settlements have been the nesting shapes of human life in the singularly benevolent Holocene. Until now. The Holocene also witnessed an unprecedented impact of human action on the Biosphere leading to the current anthropogenic existential threats to ecosystems. The proposed new epoch of the Anthropocene, as explained below, is marked by an environmental disruption of geological scale. The very dominance and expansion of the human species is now endangering its own survival. The uniquely benign conditions of the Holocene are giving way to more challenging conditions for the viability of human life. It is paradise lost. As we leave the Holocene and come to terms with the realities of the Anthropocene, we are bound to experience unprecedented challenges to our prospects of continuing to inhabit this planet. The city, as the embodiment of our accommodation into the Earth System and the resulting urban culture, has been made possible only by its unique environmental conditions. As unique in geological history as they are fragile: around two-thirds of the Earth’s history (first 10 bn. years) there was no life and once it appeared (4 bn. years","PeriodicalId":418416,"journal":{"name":"City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124243488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fostering resilient co-learning ecosystems in the city 在城市中培育有弹性的共同学习生态系统

City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781800883666.00044

rAphAëLe bidAULt-wAddington

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Local adaptation plans: comparisons and lessons learned 地方适应计划:比较和经验教训

City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781800883666.00018

Charlotte da Cunha

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Down scale agency 小规模机构

City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781800883666.00014

Lelani M. Mannetti

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Unprecedented challenge: implications for climate resilient urban planning 前所未有的挑战:对气候适应型城市规划的影响

City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781800883666.00012

Anja Wejs

{"title":"Unprecedented challenge: implications for climate resilient urban planning","authors":"Anja Wejs","doi":"10.4337/9781800883666.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800883666.00012","url":null,"abstract":"Reckien et al. (2018, 2019) provide an extensive overview of the global status of CC (climate change) planning and find that less policy activity is taking place in adaptation as compared with mitigation, and that CC adaptation (CCA) initiatives are at an early stage, however, with Northern Europe being a frontrunner. Salvia et al. (2021) analyse 327 European cities’ climate mitigation plans and conclude that the current mitigation actions by cities are not ambitious enough to meet the Paris Agreement that aims to limit the global mean temperature rise this century to below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. To meet this target, European cities need to double their efforts. Looking at the observed climatic changes, the observations currently follow the high-end scenario of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), termed the RCP8.5 scenario. This scenario is the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario, meaning the expected rise in temperature if the GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions remain unchanged. The development of CO2 in the atmosphere provides no indication of bending the curve, measurements by NOAA show an increase from below 380 parts per million (ppm) of CO2 in 2005 to above 410 ppm in 2020 (NASA, 2020). To return to the levels of pre-industrial times, Bill McKibben and his 350.org campaign argues for a reduction of CO2 levels in the atmosphere to 350 ppm. Following the RCP8.5 scenario we are to expect an increase of global mean surface temperature to 4.8°C by the end of the 21st century (2081–2100) relative to 1986–2005. Temperature increase alone will cause sea level to rise between 0.45 to 0.82 m for the RCP8.5. scenario, whereas the contribution of melting ice from Antarctica and Greenland is not fully understood (IPCC, 2014). The sea level does not rise evenly across the globe due to regional changes in the gravitational field and land uplift. Grindsted et al. (2015) find that there is more than a 25% chance that the 0.82 metre figure is surpassed in","PeriodicalId":418416,"journal":{"name":"City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122938067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re-imagining the city 重新想象城市

City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781800883666.00041

引用次数: 7

Conclusion to City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis 《城市应对气候危机的准备》结论

City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781800883666.00046

C. Garner

引用次数: 0

Climate change, migration, and preparedness 气候变化、移民和备灾

City Preparedness for the Climate Crisis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781800883666.00034

Stephan A. Schwartz

引用次数: 1