Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi最新文献

{"title":"Fare (Balb/C mice ) ve Sıçan (Wistar Albino Rat)'da Articulatio Genus’un Karşılaştırılmalı Morfolojik İncelenmesi","authors":"Sefa Yekeler, Burcu Onuk, Y. B. Kabak","doi":"10.31196/huvfd.1454787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1454787","url":null,"abstract":"Diz eklemi vücuttaki konumu nedeniyle travmalara açık ve korunmasız bir eklemdir. Bölgenin yapısı farklı hayvan türlerinde morfolojik ve görüntüleme teknikleri gibi yöntemlerle ortaya konulsada hala konu ile ilgili eksik kısımlar bulunmaktadır. Altışar adet erişkin fare ve sıçan’nın kullanıldığı bu çalışmada articulatio genus'un karşılaştırmalı morfolojik incelemesinin yapılarak literatür eksiklerinin giderilmesi amaçlandı. Sıçan’da insana benzer şekilde trochlea ossis femoris’i yanlardan sınırlayan labium laterale labium mediale’ye göre daha proksimal’den başlarken farede bu yapılar diğer evcil memelilere benzer olarak aynı mesafeden başlamaktaydı. Meniscuslerin şekli sıçanda ve farede farklıydı. Sıçanda her iki meniscus’de “C” harfi şeklindeydi. Fakat lateral meniscus insandaki’nin tersi olarak daha geniş yapıdaydı. Farede lateral meniscus tek parçalı iken medial meniscus iki parçalı melek kanadı görünümündeydi. Her iki türdede meniscus içerisinde kemik dokuya rastlanıldı. Femur’un distal condüllerinde yer alan fabella’nın sayısı ve şekli sıçanda genel olarak köpeğe benzesede medial fabella’nın yuvarlak olması ve popliteal fabella’nın konumu farklılık oluşturdu. Farede saptanan iki fabella da yaklaşık olarak aynı boyuttaydı ve şekil olarak şapkaya benzemekteydi. Bu çalışma ile elde edilen verilerin literatürüne katkı sağlayacağı düşünüldü.","PeriodicalId":417385,"journal":{"name":"Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"26 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Comparison of Larynx, Syrinx, Trachea of Some Wild Birds","authors":"Funda Aksünger Karaavcı, Ali Koçyiğit, Betül Kanık","doi":"10.31196/huvfd.1444521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1444521","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of both larynx and syrinx in the respiratory system, the trachea consisting of long and complete cartilage rings, and the presence of air sacs are some of the important features that distinguish birds from mammals. There have been many studies on the larynx, trachea and syrinx as they are the distinguishing features of song and bird vocalizations in many avian species. In the present study, the purpose was to demonstrate the morphological structures of the larynx, trachea and the syrinx, which is a sound organ, pigeon, sparrowhawk, falcon, eagle, goose, crow anda stork. A total of 48 specimens, were used in the study. The materials were stained with methylene blue for better observation and counting of the tracheal rings. For this purpose, the materials were first kept in 70% alcohol for two hours, washed with distilled water, kept in 0.1% methylene blue solution for 15 minutes and then kept in 50% and 70% alcohol solutions for one hour each. The arrangement and number of papillae in the mons laryngealis were found to be different in the species studied. It was observed that the tracheal cartilages were a complete ring in all study species, but there were differences in tracheal length, number of cartilages and dorsoventral flattening. Syrinx was found to be tracheal type in storks and tracheobronchial type in others. As a result, the similarities and differences of the data obtained from pigeon, falcon, sparrowhawk, eagle, crow, goose and stork on larynx, trachea and syrinx due to different hunting, singing and vocal characteristics were revealed.","PeriodicalId":417385,"journal":{"name":"Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"01 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yeni Zelanda Tavşanı Cranium’unun Geometrik Morfometrik Analizi","authors":"Havali Akkaya, İftar Gürbüz","doi":"10.31196/huvfd.1388962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1388962","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the shape of the male and female New Zealand Rabbit cranium. For this purpose, geometric morphometry method was used. A total of 10 female and 10 male New Zealand Rabbit craniums were used. The skulls were photographed in a dorsal, ventral and lateral view, and the mandible was photographed in a lateral view. Homologous landmarks were marked on the photographs. Consensus graphs were created by TpsRelw (Version 1.70) program. Additionally, principal component analysis and relative warp analysis were performed. As a result of the study, principal components explained 34.813%, 57.225% and 42.427% of the total shape difference in the dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the skull, respectively. In the first principal component graph obtained as a result of principal component analysis, no significant clustering was observed between in gender. According to the graphics obtained in the MorphoJ program, inter-individual variation was detected mostly in the viscerocranium, followed by the neurocranium. We believe that this study will contribute to morphological and archaeological studies on rabbit skulls.","PeriodicalId":417385,"journal":{"name":"Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta Analysis of Performance and Carcass Values in Cattle Fattening: The Case of Turkey","authors":"Savaş Sariözkan, Elif ÇELİK GÜRBULAK, Güven Güngör, M. Küçükoflaz","doi":"10.31196/huvfd.1371052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1371052","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 2000-2021 yılları arasında sığır besiciliği üzerine yapılan çalışmaların performans ve karkas özellikleri yönünden meta analizi ile incelenerek farklı ırk, bölge, yıl, yaş ve besi süresi için ortak bir sonuca ulaşılması amaçlanmıştır. 2000-2021 yılları arasında yayımlanmış 39 sığır besi çalışmasından elde edilen 136 çalışma bulgusu meta analize dahil edilerek, besi başı canlı ağırlık (BBCA), besi sonu canlı ağırlık (BSCA), günlük canlı ağırlık artışı (GCAA), yemden yararlanma oranı (YYO), sıcak karkas ağırlığı (SIKA), sıcak karkas randımanı (SIKAR), soğuk karkas ağırlığı (SOKA) ve soğuk karkas randımanı (SOKAR) değerlerinin ortalamaları hesaplandı. Toplam heterojenliğin hesaplanmasında Cochran’s Q istatistiği, çalışmalar arasındaki varyansın toplam varyansa oranının hesaplanmasında I2 indisi ve çalışmalar arasındaki gerçek varyansın tahmininde ise τ2 (tau2) istatistiği kullanıldı. Çalışma bulgularına göre, en düşük BBCA, BSCA ve GCAA gibi göstergelerde en düşük değerlerin yerli ırklarda (DAK, Boz, Zavot, GAK) ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. YYO yönünden en düşük ve en yüksek değere sahip alt gruplar sırasıyla; ırklara göre Simental (5.49 kg) ve Yerli ırklar (8.46 kg) (P","PeriodicalId":417385,"journal":{"name":"Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"8 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Cefotaxime and Ciprofloxacin Co-Resistant Escherichia coli in Retail Chicken Carcasses","authors":"Ö. Aslantaş, Ahmet Murat Korkut, Mücella Bayirli","doi":"10.31196/huvfd.1395548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1395548","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to humans through the food chain is of great importance for public health. In this study, it was aimed to isolate and characterize the cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in retail chicken meat samples sold in XXX. The isolates were subjected to phylogenetic group typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The genetic relatedness of the isolates were determined using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique. The isolates were also screened for the presence of both antimicrobial and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes by PCR. Cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant E. coli isolates with diverse genetic origins were recovered in 42.3% (22/52) of retail chicken carcasses. The E. coli isolates belonged to the phylogenetic group D2 were dominant (40.9%, 9/22), followed by B1 (27.3%, 6/22), B23 (18.2%, 4/22), and A1 (13.6%, 3/22), respectively. The multidrug-resistance (MDR) was observed in 81.8% (18/22) of the isolates. PMQR determinants were not identified in any isolates tested. Molecular analysis revealed one or more β-lactamase-encoding genes in all isolates as a single or in combination: blaCTX-M-blaTEM (n=5), blaCMY-2 (n=5), blaCTX-M (n=5), blaCMY-2-blaSHV (n=3), blaCMY-2-blaTEM (n=3), and blaCTX-M-blaCMY-2 (n=1). This study highlights that retail chicken meat is an important reservoir of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant E. coli isolates. It is necessary to evaluate their contribution in the community and hospital infections.","PeriodicalId":417385,"journal":{"name":"Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Boric Acid Used in the Treatment of Rat Models with Knee Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate on Liver Tissue","authors":"İsmail BOLAT, Kübra Asena TERİM KAPAKİN, Esra MANAVOĞLU KİRMAN, Gülşah GÜNDOĞDU, Koksal GUNDOGDU, Fatma DEMİRKAYA MİLOĞLU, Seymanur YILMAZ TASCI","doi":"10.31196/huvfd.1363620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1363620","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant joint disease that can affect the health of individuals in many sectors. Although OA is primarily known as a joint disease in the field of health, it can also cause damage to organs such as the liver due to the systemic inflammatory reactions (SIRS) it triggers. Boric acid (BA), which has been the subject of many studies and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, is widely used in various areas of the healthcare sector. In this study conducted for this purpose, the protective effect of BA against liver damage caused by OA was investigated. A total of 28 rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of 7 rats. Except for the control group, all animals were induced with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) to develop OA, and then rats were administered doses of BA ranging 4 and 10 mg/kg for 21 days. In histopathological examinations, severe hepatitis and degenerative changes were observed in the liver tissue of the OA-induced group, while it was found that BA application reduced these damages dose-dependently. Similarly, in immunohistochemical analyses, it was observed that OA induction significantly increased the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NOS, and MMP in the liver, but in the groups treated with BA, this expression level significantly decreased depending on the dose. In this study, it was observed that BA exhibited anti-inflammatory properties and had a protective effect on liver tissue against SIRS caused by OA.","PeriodicalId":417385,"journal":{"name":"Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"6 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Season on the Performance, Health, and Welfare of Broilers","authors":"Furkan ÖZEL, Zehra BOZKURT","doi":"10.31196/huvfd.1335400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1335400","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out on 80 broiler flocks (Ross 308) raised during the Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn seasons in commercial enterprises in Uşak City Center and its districts engaged in contract farming. In each seasonal group, the parameters such as body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate, and flock health score for broiler flocks were investigated weekly and at specific periods of 0-21, 22-42, and 0-42 days. The 42-day-old broiler was scored for FPD and HB. The season significantly impacted the performance of broilers, flock health, and the percentages of birds with FPD and HB under commercial conditions. Spring and Autumn flocks showed higher broiler performance than Winter and Summer flocks. While the disease score was highest in Winter flocks, Spring and Autumn groups had a higher rate of healthy flocks. The percentages of birds with pad burn and hock burn were highest in Winter flocks and lowest in Summer flocks. These findings indicate that seasons can significantly impact broiler farms' economic performance, animal health, and welfare. As a result, obtaining further information about the positive and negative effects of seasons on broilers can promote production and provide critical data to encourage innovative strategies for sustainable flock management and improve broiler industry compliance with animal welfare standards.","PeriodicalId":417385,"journal":{"name":"Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":" 28","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological typing and morphological characterization of canine seminomas","authors":"Gözde YÜCEL TENEKECİ, Arda Selin TUNÇ","doi":"10.31196/huvfd.1361082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1361082","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate seminomas based on cell morphology and histological structures, and classify them into subtypes. Thirty canine seminomas were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). PAS-positive cases were classified as Classical seminoma (CS) (n:5), while PAS-negative cases were categorized as Spermatocytic seminoma (SS) (n:23). Cases exhibiting both positive and negative staining were evaluated as Spermatocytic/Classical seminoma (n:2). Carcinoma in situ were observed in the cases with Classical seminoma (n:3). The cell morphology included mitotic index were also given in detail. Canine seminomas were classified into three subtypes: intratubular (n:12), diffuse (n:1), and intratubular/diffuse (n:10). As a result, it was thought that SS and CS types could be observed together, and it was observed that the intratubular/diffuse subtype is a third type characterized by its transformation from intratubular to diffuse form.","PeriodicalId":417385,"journal":{"name":"Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nörolojik Distemperli Köpeklerin Başlangıç Klinik Görünümü","authors":"Erdem GÜLERSOY, Canberk BALIKÇI, İsmail GÜNAL, Adem ŞAHAN, Kerem YENER, Esma KISMET, Meral ÇIKMA","doi":"10.31196/huvfd.1310888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1310888","url":null,"abstract":"The canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a persistent infection within the central nervous system resulting in a progressive, multifocal demyelinating disease, and may also lead to gastrointestinal and/or respiratory signs. Due to the wide variety of clinical manifestations, determining the initial clinical manifestation of dogs with neurological CDV of different ages can be used to increase the index of suspicion of CDV, especially in triage. 44 dogs, aged 2-8 months, with clinical findings that suggest the presence of neurological CDV were used, and 38 of them were enrolled. The dogs were divided into 2 subgroups based on their age. Accordingly, dogs aged 2-4 months were included in Group 1 (n:16), and dogs aged 5-8 months were included in Group 2 (n:22). The body temperature of Group 1 was higher than that of the Group 2 (p3 lines) were prominent in both groups. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed dilated intestine segments. As a result, it was concluded that the evaluation of the initial clinical manifestation in combination with non-invasive imaging methods can be used to increase the index of suspicion of neurologic CDV before proceeding to laboratory analyses, especially in triage.","PeriodicalId":417385,"journal":{"name":"Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135923831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve farklı Candida standart kökenlerine karşı Kına’nın antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin tespiti: Bir in vitro çalışma","authors":"Mehmet DEMİRCİ, Hikmet DİNÇ, Akin YIĞIN, Fadile YILDIZ ZEYREK","doi":"10.31196/huvfd.1311036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1311036","url":null,"abstract":"Lythraceae familyasının Lawsonia cinsindeki tek tür olan Lawsonia inermis (kına ağacı) 2-6 m yüksekliğinde çiçekli bir bitkidir. Lawsonia inermis (kına), dünya çapında cilt ve saç boyamak için yaygın olarak kullanılan boya kınanın doğal kaynağıdır. Kına içeriğinde bulunan farklı biyoaktif bileşenlerin, antimikrobiyal özellikleri olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda, ticari olarak ülkemizde satılan kına tozunun (su bazlı ekstraktının) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 standart kökenlerine karşı antibakteriyel ve Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C. krusei ATCC 6258 ve C. glabrata ATCC 2001 standart kökenlerine karşı antifungal aktivitesinin kontrol edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C. krusei ATCC 6258 ve C. glabrata ATCC 2001 standart kökenleri çalışmamızda kullanılmıştır. 20 μg/mL ile 0.3125 μg/mL arasında kına tozunun su bazlı ekstraktları hazırlanmış ve mikrodilüsyon metodu kullanılarak antimikrobiyal aktivite belirlenmiştir. Her kuyucuktaki bakteri ve mantar üremesi, 600 nm'de Epoch spektrofotometre ile ölçülmüş ve pozitif kontrole göre baskılanma oranları saptanmıştır.
 Tüm standart kökenlerine karşı hiçbir konsantrasyonda %100 baskılama olmadığı saptandı. S.aureus, E. coli’ye ve P.aeruginosa’ya karşı 20 μg/mL kına konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla %64, %55 ve %49 seviyesinde baskılama tespit edildi. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei ve C. glabrata karşı 20 μg/mL kına konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla %92, %64, %56 ve %42 seviyesinde baskılama saptandı.
 Sonuç olarak, çalışmamız verileri su bazlı kına ekstraktının antibakteriyel etkisinin S. aureus, E.coli ve P. aeruginosa’ya karşı çok iyi olmadığını yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bu etkinin gözlemlenebileceğini bize göstermiştir. Bunun yanında, kınanın farklı Candida türleri açısından da, özellikle C. albicans’a karşı kullanılabileceği ve diğer antifungallerle birlikte kullanımlarının değerlendirilmesi kanaati oluşmuştur.","PeriodicalId":417385,"journal":{"name":"Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135923832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}